• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.364-371
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• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate effects of dietary variety scores (DVS) and dietary diversity scores (DDS) on the nutritional quality of the diets of Korean college students, and to examine the association between food group intake patterns and nutritional adequacy. This study examined the relationship of dietary diversity scores (DDS), dietary variety scores (DVS), and food group intake patterns with nutrient intakes using 24-hour recall data (n=.358). The .DDS was calculated from the sum of each of the five food groups consumed as a score of 'I'. DVS was determined by counting the number of food items consumed daily. Food group intake patterns were expressed with the presence or omission of five major food groups-dairy, meat, grain, fruit, and vegetable. The four most prevalent food group patterns and the proportion of the population reporting them were as follows; no dairy and fruit, $23\%;\;no\;dairy,\;20\%;$ no dairy, meat, and fruit, $15\%$; all food groups, $14\%$. Even though the DDS or DVS was higher, the majority of this study population failed to meet the Korean RDA for calcium in both genders and iron in women. Higher DVS scores $(\geq31)$, within all DDS groups, were associated with the largest proportion of individuals consuming more than $75\%$ of the Korean RDA for selected nutrients. The consistency of these results indicates that screening diets to evaluate the overall dietary variety and variety among the major food groups including food group intake patterns provide meaningful information about their quality.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2004

Despite the universal recommendation to eat a variety of foods, we still do not know whether and to what extent the variety affects dietary quality. This study was performed to evaluate the dietary variety scores as tools for assessing the dietary quality of Korean young adults. The 1-day dietary intake data were collected from 144 male and 214 female college students (>18 years) using the 24-hour recall method Relative nutrient intake compared to Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (KRDA) as the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), were computed Also, the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was calculated. Dietary variety score (DVS) was determined by counting the number of food items consumed daily, and the dietary diversity score (DDS) by counting the number of food groups consumed daily. Results showed that DVS, DDS and MAR were significantly correlated to each other. The MAR score significantly increased as DDS increased in both men and women. When different DVS (20$\leqDVS\leq$ 30) was evaluated for its sensitivity, specificity, measured prevalence, true prevalence, and positive and negative predictive values towards MAR, DVS 21 was revealed to be optimal dietary variety score as a cutoff point to differentiate Korean young adults with or without an adequate and balanced diet. Nutrient intakes of subjects who had DVS<21 were significantly lower than those of subjects with DVS$\qeq$ 21. These results indicate that the dietary variety score appeared to be an effective tool for evaluating the adequacy of diet in Korean young adults.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.304-313
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• 2023

This study was a qualitative investigation into the food security and food variety among the rural elderly. For the qualitative data collection, nineteen elderly people who lived in Yangpyeong-gun were interviewed individually. Food security and variety was evaluated based on accessibility and affordability. The participants seemed to have difficulty preparing their own meals and eating with their families or others. The frequency of vegetable intake was found to be high, as vegetables were available through cultivation. However, in terms of diversity, the intake of meat and milk, which are sources of protein and calcium, was found to be significantly low. This has to do with very poor physical accessibility. A lack of nutrition education was identified as the biggest reason for not following dietary therapy despite having a pre-existing disease condition. Therefore, for the elderly in Yangpyeong-gun, it is suggested that a basic nutrition policy for food supply that can increase their actual intake is more essential than education on cooking and nutrients. Moreover, periodic nutrition education or a regular counseling system for dietary therapy through local public health centers may help improve the health of the elderly.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1999년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.80-101
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• 1999

Self-sufficiency ratio of food crops in Korea is estimated under $20{\%}$ in 2010 because total food consumption including feed will be increased. but food grain production will be decreased. It is necessary to maintain the optimum level of food self-sufficiency rate to secure national food demand/supply balance and non-trade and multiple function of agriculture in Korea. It will be possible to produce more food grains having the acceptable quality if the appropriate policy and cropping techniques are developed and practised in future. Breeding for high yielding varieties should be the first target to raise the production potential of food crops . Number of varieties developed during last 30 years is counted as 353 in food crops. New varieties developed in 1990s showed the higher yield potential and the improved agronomic characteristics compared with 1970s and 1980s varieties. But number of varieties planted on the farmer's field over $5{\%}$ of national planting area is less than one third of total varieties developed Breeding efforts to maintain planting area of main food crops should be focussed on consumer's demand and farmer's need. They are the best quality variety in each field of crop utilization, the newly designed variety adapting to changes of natural, rural and cropping environment, and the higher yielding variety. It is also needed to develop new quality crop varieties for inducing more consumption of crop grain produced in Korea for direct food or processing. Development of barley varieties for animal feed. high income soybean varieties, high quality wheat variety. and super yielding rice and barley varieties are also needed to keep or maximize national food production potential. In order to establish the appropriate cropping technique for domestic food security, the strong and continuous interest and financial support on crop breeding are required, and the inter-disciplinary and inter-institutionary researches should be strengthened for successful crop breeding.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the consumer perceptions of Koreans and foreigners towards Korean and Thai foods and restaurants. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 129 foreign residents and 291 Koreans who have been members or the Thai travel association in the seoul area. statistical data analysis was performed using the SPSS v 10.0 program. From the evaluation of Korean and Thai foods and restaurants by foreigners, Thai foods/restaurants showed significantly higher ratings in the attributes of 'Food appearance', 'Food smell', 'Overall food taste', and 'Exotic food taste' In the attributes of 'Use of various food seasonings', 'Variety of food ingredients', 'Variety of menu', 'Food sanitation', and 'Fast restaurant service', Thai food/restaurants showed higher ratings than Koreanfood/restaurants. Korean foods were considered more salty than Thai foods. However, overall satisfaction of Thai and Korean foods/restaurants was similar at about '3.7' points on the 5-point Likert scale. From the evaluation by Koreans, there were no significant differences in the attributes of 'Food appearance', 'Food smell', and 'overall food taste'. however. the rating or 'Exotic food taste' was significantly higher in Thai foods. In the attributes of 'Use of various food seasonings', 'Variety of food ingredients', and 'Variety of menu', Thai food/restaurants showed higher ratings than Korean food/restaurants. Interestingly, the evaluation of sanitation of restaurants was opposite to that of foreigners.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2016

The present study was performed to compare the morpho-physiological characteristics of the tetraploid and diploid varieties of Platycodon grandiflorum and to obtain basic data for cultivating a tetraploid variety with high yield and content of functional substances. The plant height of the tetraploid variety (54.0 cm) was slightly higher than that of the diploid variety. The leaf length and width of the tetraploid variety were 10.2 cm and 7.3 cm, respectively. The results obtained from the present study revealed that the form of the leaf changed from lanceolate to ovate, and the chlorophyll content in the tetraploid variety (16.7) was slightly higher than that in the diploid variety. The photosynthetic rate significantly increased (24%) to $13.4{\mu}mol\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ in the tetraploid variety from that of the diploid variety. The pollen viability of the tetraploid variety was decreased by approximately 33% with respect to that of the diploid variety, but this did not have a significant adverse effect on seed production. The fresh weight of tetraploid P. grandiflorum was 49.4 g, which was approximately 44% higher than that of the diploid variety.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.527-533
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate on the characteristics of the use of a fine dining restaurant using NVivo 11 qualitative analysis. As a result, customers using the fine dining restaurant were aware that the fine dining restaurant was a special and expensive restaurant, serving a variety of food with luxurious food, service and ingredients. The result of motivation for using the fine dining restaurant was food, specialty, atmosphere, luxury, service. Basically, it is natural to visit restaurant to eat, but it is special in using fine dining restaurant, we were able to find that it was to visit, to eat atmosphere and luxurious service and delicious food. The results of using the benefits of using a fine dinning restaurant show that the benefits of food, dining atmosphere, specialty, service, variety, and meals are high, specialty, service, variety of meals, price, delicious, newness, and timely benefits. The result of customers' use loss when using the fine dining restaurant shows the loss of food, specialty, service, price, atmosphere, variety, and luxurious. In this regard, it is estimated that customers often see losses as a result of lower than expected customers when using fine dinning restaurants. Therefore, it is thought that this research will help the establishment of differentiated marketing information for the restaurant company through continuous research on the fine dining restaurant which is recognized by the users.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.119-123
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• 2014

This study was intended to investigate food habits, dietary variety and the effects of nutrient intake of female college students. Food habits such as regularity of meal time, repast of breakfast, lunch, and supper, and duration of meal were assessed via a self reporting questionnaire, 24 hrs recall method for nutrient intake was obtained from 155 female college students in Yangju-si. Dietary variety was assessed by dietary diversity score(DDS). The mean height and weight of the subjects were $161.25{\pm}3.52cm$ and $52.26{\pm}4.52kg$, respectively. The dietary habits of female college students was generally inadequate. In the survey of dietary habits, the ratio of skipping breakfast 3~6 days a week in total subjects was 87.09%, showing a rather higher ratio of skipping breakfast. In the evaluation of nutrient intakes by DDS, subjects who had higher DDS had significantly higher nutrient intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, phosphate, iron, vitamin A, vitamin C, and cholesterol(p<0.05). There was a great difference in nutrient intakes, suggesting the risk of nutritional imbalance. These findings suggest that nutritional education based on female college students' eating variety and dietary habits(regularity of meal time, skipping breakfast and night snacks per week, and duration of meal) may be required to improve dietary variety. it is considered that the improvement in dietary habits will contribute to the improvement of nutrition.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.243-256
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Centers for Child-care Foodservice Management (CCFSM)'s support on menu management in child-care centers and kindergartens by comparing two perspectives of pre-support vs. post-support and established vs. non-established. To evaluate dietary variety, we used methods that considered both Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) and Dietary Variety Score (DVS). For surveying pre-support and post-support state by CCFSM, we collected and analyzed menus of June and September, 2012, targeting 7 CCFSM supported institutions. Meanwhile, for surveying state in CCFSM established and non-established areas, we collected and analyzed menus of June, 2012, which were implemented in institutions in CCFSM established (181 places) and non-established (106 places) areas. The results of evaluation on the dietary support by CCFSM showed that post-supporting state by CCFSM (95.3%) was significantly higher than pre-supporting state (77.2%) (p < 0.001) and established areas (87.4%) were significantly higher than non-established ones (77.2%) (p < 0.05) on 'Meeting the DRI for infant'. Evaluation of dietary variety between pre- and post-support state by CCFSM showed that post-support state (total 77.3 point) was higher than pre-support state (total 76.4 point). Evaluation of dietary variety between established and non-established areas showed that established areas (total 81.1 point) were significantly higher than non-established ones (total 77.1 point) (p < 0.001). Therefore, it is considered that dietary support service conducted by CCFSM contributes to improve variety level of diet provided by child-care centers and kindergartens.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.416-429
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 질병관리본부의 2017년 지역사회건강조사에 참여한 19세 이상의 한국 성인 228,310명을 대상으로, 식품의 충분한 공급과 다양성 확보를 기준으로 식품충분·다양군, 식품충분·비다양군, 식품불충분군으로 분류한 집단의 개인적 요인, 개인간 요인, 지역사회 요인에 차이가 있는지를 파악하고, 식품충분성 및 다양성과 관련된 개인간 요인과 지역사회 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상자 중 식품충분·다양군은 65.3%, 식품충분·비다양군은 31.5%, 식품불충분군은 3.2%이었다. 식품충분·비다양군과 식품불충분군은 식품충분·다양군에 비해 여성, 65세 이상, 중졸 이하, 가구의 월평균 소득이 200만원 미만, 직업이 없거나 배우자 없는 경우, 소규모 지역 거주 등의 특성을 나타냈으며, 모든 건강행동과 건강상태에서 집단별 분포에 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 건강행동 중 금연, 규칙적 운동, 적절한 수면 실천 비율은 식품충분·다양군이 가장 높았으나, 금주와 규칙적 아침식사 실천 비율은 식품불충분군이 가장 높았다. 고혈압, 당뇨, 이상지질혈증 및 관절염 비율은 식품충분·다양군에 비해 식품충분·비다양군과 식품불충분군이 높게 나타났으나, 과체중 이상은 식품 충분·다양군이 가장 높은 결과를 보였다. 또한 식품충분·비다양군은 규칙적인 아침식사를 제외한 모든 요인에서 식품 충분·다양군과 차이가 있었으며, 대중교통과 의료서비스를 제외한 모든 요인에서 식품불충분군과 차이가 있었다. 식품충분성 및 다양성과 관련된 개인간 요인과 지역사회 요인을 파악하기 위해 사회인구학적 요인, 개인간 요인, 지역사회 요인을 모두 고려하여 다변량로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 식품충분·다양군에 비해 식품충분·비다양군과 식품불충분군에서는 사회적 연결망이 미흡하고, 사회적 활동이 활발하지 않았으며, 안전한 환경, 생활환경, 의료서비스 등에 대하여 불만족하였다. 본 연구에서는 지역사회건강조사 또는 국민건강영양조사에서 식품안정군으로 분류되지만 다양성을 확보하지 못한 군을 분류하여 분석하였고, 그 결과 식품충분·비다양군은 식품불충분군 뿐 아니라 식품충분·다양군과도 개인적 요인, 개인간 요인, 지역사회 요인에서 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 이와 같이 사회인구학적 특성, 건강 행동, 건강상태 등의 개인적 요인과 사회적 연결망, 사회적 활동 등의 개인간 요인, 그리고 지역사회 환경 등이 식품충분성 및 다양성과 관련된 요인으로 규명되어, 식품불안정과 관련된 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 식품의 다양한 공급을 고려한 식품지원 정책과 더불어 사회적 연결망과 사회적 활동을 촉진시킬 수 있는 다양한 영양교육 프로그램 개발 등이 지역사회의 환경 개선 정책과 함께 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.