• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.201-206
• /
• 1992

Pinus pollen is used as the chief ingredient for Song-wha-dashik (Korea's traditional pattern-pressed candy). It has been the food stuff indispensable especially on the occasion of performing ancestral rites and holding a banquet since Shilla and Koryo Dynasty. In this paper, therefore, a new examination is made of the nutritive ingredients of the very Pinus pollen. Analysis has been made of the proximate composition, minerals, heavy metals, vitamins and free sugars of the Pollen of both Pinus densinora Siebol et Zuccarini and Pinus rigida Miller. In the proximate composition, Pinus rigida Miller is high except in free sugar ; crude ash (4.0%), crude protein (15.0%), crude fat (2.5%), crude fiber (17.5%). A lot of minerals have been found in both the samples. They contain Mg, Cl, Ca, Fe, Mn, Na, Zn, etc. In heavy metals, both the samples contain the same quantity of Cd(0.3 ppm) and the contents of Pb, Cu, and As are lower than the maximal limit permitted for food stuff. The contents of vitamin B$_1$, B$_2$, vitamin C are a little higher in Pinus rigida Miller : in vitamin E, on the contrary, Pinus densiflora Siebol et Zucarini (1.6 mg) doubles Pinus rigida Miller (0.8 mg). In free sugars, the results is as follows : 6.6%/6.9% in sucrose : 0.2% in fructose : 2.1% /2.9% in glucose respectively.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.407-417
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the application possibility of leaf and stem extract(LSE) extracted from the mixture of leaf and stem of ginseng radix(Panax ginseng CA. Meyer). This study measured the intake levels and efficiency ratio, growth rate, absorption ratio of carbohydrate, lipid and protein of rat by feeding with LSE during 6 weeks. We analyse the hematological and serum metabolic variables, serum lipid concentrations. Total diet and protein intake levels were low, but efficiency ratios were significantly high in LSE administered groups than the control group. Weight gain, liver and kidney weight of LSE groups were significantly higher than the control group. Blood RBC, Hct, Hb, total protein and albumin concentrations were reasonable levels in LSE administered groups compared to the basal diet group. Also serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride contents of LSE groups were low, but HDL-cholesterol level was higher than the basal diet group. These results imply that leaf and stem of ginseng radix could be used as possible food resources, functional food material and feed stuff.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.284-290
• /
• 2000

A marine bacterium Bacillus cereus ASK202 showing a high agar degrading activity, was incubated in the culture medium containing agar. After incubation for 30 hr, the productivity of agarase in the culture broth reached to maximum value (160.8 units/L). As the results of TLC and HPLC analysis, agarooligosaccharides (degrees of polymerization 2, 4 and 6) were produced from the hydrolysis of agar by using the crude agarase. Physical and chemical properties of agarooligosaccharides were compared with the manufactured products of other oligosaccharides (fructooligosaccharide; isomaltooligosaccharide; maltotetraoligosaccharide) and agarooligosaccharides showed higher viscosity, higher contents of oligosaccharides, higher stability at low pH's and higher temperatures, and lower sweetness than other oligosaccharides.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.175-178
• /
• 1974

The patient was 21-year old male who had gastrostomy and tracheostomy after swallowing lye-stuff in July 1971. He could restore his normal voice and breathing after removal of his destructed epiglottis obstructing his upper airway two years later. Pharyngogastrostomy was performed in Nov 1973. The esophagus which was totally obliterated in its full length was removed and the stomach was brought high up to the level of pharynx where it was anastomosed to the posterior wall of pharynx. His postoperative course was temporarily complicated by aspiration of small food into trachea which could be completely relieved with training, and he is doing his normal life quite well on the follow-up.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.401-407
• /
• 2012

Baked black soybean has great nutritional value, so it is a great potential ingredient in cake. To find an acceptable ingredient ratio, baked black soybean powder was to wheat flour in different experimental groups. The control was pure wheat flour, and the experimental groups had 0 (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% baked black soybean powder added. The baked black soybean powder consists of moisture (4.88%), crude protein (34.46%), crude fat (11.35%), crude ash (4.84%), and carbohydrates (44.47%). The specific gravity, spreadability, and baking loss increased with an increase in the amount of baked black soybean powder, but specific volume decreased. The 'L' and 'b' chromaticity values of a sponge cake decrease with increased amounts of added baked black soybean powder. The texture becomes more hard and stuff with added baked black soybean powder, but springiness decreases. A sensory test found the best experimental group to be that of 20% powder added.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.184-187
• /
• 1996

As one of the studies relating to utilization of ginseng marc for food stuff, the changes of ginsenosides during roasting ginseng marc was examined varying roasting temperature (140~23$0^{\circ}C$) and time (10-30 min). BuOH-soluble fraction of ginseng marc roasted at 23$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 min increased up to 3 times higher than that of the unfrosted one. Some minor biol-ginsenosides were detected on the TLC by roasting above 20$0^{\circ}C$, while the contents of ginsenoside $Rg_1$, $Rg_1$ and Re, major ginsenoside components of ginseng, decreased by one fourteenth, one eighth, and one fourth fold, respectively, which indicates that these components are unstable to heat. When ginseng marc was roasted at 23$0^{\circ}C$, most of the ginsenosides except glnsenoside Re were not detected by HPLC.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the food components of cooking drips from shell oysters steamed under various retort pressures. Among the drips from shell oyster steamed under different retort pressures (1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 kg/$cm^2$) the oyster drip obtained at the 4.5 kg/$cm^2$ of retort pressure had the highest degree of brix, yield, crude protein, glycogen and trichloroacetic acid soluble-N contents, while its salinity was the lowest. In the results of food safety test, the presence of E. coli (18 MPN/100 g>) and viable cell (30 CFU/g>) in the oyster drip was in acceptable level as a food-stuff. However, the sensory evaluation such as color, flavor and taste, total amino acid and free amino acid contents of cooking drip from shell oyster steamed at 4.5 kg/$cm^2$ were inferior to those of oyster wash water. Differences in the major amino acids of total amino acid and free amino acid between oyster cooking drip and oyster wash water were also found. The results suggested that the effective use methods of oyster cooking drip should be investigated.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.1341-1352
• /
• 2001

Vacuum freeze drying process by which frozen water in a drying material is removed sublimation under vacuum condition, is now applied to various industrial field such as the manufacturing and packaging of pharmaceuticals in pharmaceutical industry, the drying of bio- products in bio-technology industry, the treatment of various quality food stuff in food technology, and so on. The Knowledge about the heat and mass transfer characteristics related with the vacuum freeze drying process is crucial to improve the efficiency of the process as well as the quality of dried products. In spite of increasing needs for understanding of the process, the research efforts in this fields are still insufficient. In this paper, a numerical code that can predict primary drying in a vial is developed based on the finite volume method with a moving grid system. The calculation program can handle the axis- symmetric and multi-dimensional characteristics of heat and mass transfer of the vial freeze drying process. To demonstrated the usefulness of the present analysis, a practical freeze drying of skim Milk solution in a vial is simulated and various calculation results are presented.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.123-126
• /
• 2002

More than three hundred million men in the world are suffering from erectile dysfunction. Korean ancient medical records say that the unmated male silkworm moth is effective in strengthening men's vitality, but no scientific examination has preyed its clinical efficacy. Currently, silkworm moths are not allowed for food-stuff. Thus, we selected silkworm of 14-days-after-metamorphosis, at which external morphology possesses that of pupae, but internal component is that of moths. To obtain the reliable source of unmated male silkworm moth, we used the sex-limited silkworm breed with larval marking. The body marker allows casual separation of sex during larval period, preventing mating right after emergence from cocoon. Using the extract prepared with the pupae of 14-days-after-metamorphosis, we investigated the tonic effect of the extract on the rat fed the extract for three weeks. The results showed that the testosterone levels in serum increased maximum by 19%, that of testicle increased maximum by 200%, and athletic endurance of the rats rose by 6%, suggesting positive tonic effect of the pupae prepared at the stage of 14 days after metamorphosis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 2004

Livestock industry requires alternatives of antibiotics to prevent environmental pollution and to maintain public health. We herein report on an effective method to reduce ammonia from livestock manure, and confirmed environmentally-friendly livestock production by adding three types of yeast probiotics, Pichia farinosa SKM-1, Pichia anomala SKM-T, and Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59, into the feed stuff, separately and/or mixed, and these three types of yeasts were administered to the Hy-line brown layers for 8 weeks. Compared with control, the laying performance, the egg quality, and the number of intestinal lactic acid producing bacteria of the treated group were improved and/or increased significantly. Pichia anomala SKM-T potently reduced ammonia production from poultry manure, and the other strains were also able to reduce the ammonia from it. The optimum condition for the reduction of ammonia with Pichia farinosa SKM-1, Pichia anomala SKM-T, and Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59 was obtained by using the augmented centroid-simplex design. The ratio of optimum condition was Pichia farinosa SKM-1:Pichia anomala SKM-T:Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59=0.295:0.209:0.080, and the estimate was -123.36 (p=0.0l38). An ability to reduce the ammonia production from livestock manure was maintained at $30^{\circ}C$ for 15 weeks.