• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2010

육가공 산업에서 원료로 이용되고 있는 향신료의 위생화를 위하여 대표적인 살균 기술인 감마선과 전자선의 조사효과를 비교하였다. 미생물 오염도를 측정한 결과 대부분의 시료에서 1.5 to 3.8 Log CFU/g의 일반호기성 미생물이 나타났으나, 강황 및 로즈마리에서는 미생물이 검출되지 않았다. 검출된 시료에서는 조사에 의해 효과적인 것으로 미생물이 감소하였으며, 감마선이 전자선보다 효과적으로 미생물을 사멸하였다. 검출된 미생물을 동정한 결과 Bacillus spp. 및 Staphylococcus spp.으로 확인하였다. B. cereus 및 S. aureus에 대한 방사선 감수성 측정 결과 0.19-0.63 kGy로 확인되었으며, 전자선 보다 감마선에 대한 내성이 약한 것으로 확인되었다. Ames test를 이용하여 방사선 조사에 의한 향신료의 유전독성학적 안전성을 평가한 결과, 조사에 의한 돌연변이원성은 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 향신료의 위생화를 위한 살균방법으로 방사선 조사기술이 효과적으로 판단되며, 감마선(>4 kGy, <6 kGy)이 전자선보다 효과적으로 미생물을 제어하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1998

Antimicrobial activities of the extracts from spices microorganisms related to kimchi fermentation were investigated. 32 kinds of spices such as allspice, mount, basil, bay leaves, caraway, cardamon, celery, chilli powder, chives, cinnamon, clover, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, garlic, horseradish, marjorarm, mugwort, mustard, nutmeg, onion, oregano, paprika, parsely, pepper, peppermint, rosemary, sage, tarragon, thyme and tumeric were extracted with water, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Fractions were tested for antimicrobial activities against Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, The extracts of 28 kinds of spices except caraway, cardamon, paprika and tarragon by water extraction, those of 29 kinds except arrowroot, paprika and tarragon by ethyl ether extraction, those of 30 kinds except paprika and tarragon by ethyl acetate extraction, and those of 29 kinds except clover, paprika and tarragon by ethanol extraction showed strong antimicrobial activities against Lactobacillus plantarum. On the other hand, the extracts of 28 kinds of spices except caraway, cardamon, paprika and thyme by water extraction, those of 27 kinds except cardamon, cumin, paprika, tarragon and thyme by ethyl ether extraction, thou of 30 kinds except paprika and thyme by ethyl acetate extraction, and those of 28 kinds except cardamon, cumin, paprika and thyme by ethanol extraction showed strong antimicrobial activities against Leuconostoc mesenteroides.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.489-497
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of beef jerky with prepared various spices. The spices added included green tea, rosemary, clove, thyme, and parsley. According to the analysis of general ingredients, the moisture content was higher in the spice-added samples than in the control jerky, and the crude protein content was higher in green tea- and parsley-added samples. According to the mineral analysis, the most prevalent mineral was Na, followed by K, P, Mg, and Ca, with the contents of Mn and Cu being the least prevalent. Ca and Fe contents werehigher in green tea-added jerky than in samples prepared with other spices. High levels of leucine and lysine were seen amongst different essential amino acids. Total amino acids were within the control jerky containing the most abundant essential amino acids, followed by green tea- and parsley-added jerky. Measurements of texture, hardness and springiness in the spice-added samples appeared to be higher than in the control. Bitterness was higher in clove-addedsamples than in samples prepared with other spices. The evaluation of sensory properties showed that color is higher in green tea-, rosemary- and clove-added samples and that taste was best in green tea-added jerky, followed by parsley-added jerky. Overall quality was high in green tea- and parsley-added samples.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2014

현재 사용되고 있는 물리적 확인시험법인 광자극발광법(PSL), 열발광분석법(TL), 전자스핀공명법(ESR)을 이용하여 4종의 시료에 대해 감마선과 전자선에 의한 확인시험법의 판별 특성을 확인하였다. PSL 측정 결과 고춧가루, 바질, 파슬리 시료는 선원 및 선량에 관계없이 조사된 시료는 photon count 값(PCs)이 5,000 이상인 7,004-70,519의 PCs로 측정되어 조사여부의 판정이 가능하였다. 하지만 조사된 후춧가루에서는 선원에 관계없이 threshold value가 5,000 이하인 442-1,572 PCs로 중간값 및 음성값을 나타냄에 따라 조사여부 확인이 어려웠다. TL 측정 결과에서는 고춧가루, 바질, 파슬리, 후춧가루 4종 모두 선원 및 선량에 관계없이 조사된 시료는 $150-250^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 최대 glow curve peak가 나타났다. 또한 TL ratio값이 0.1 이상인 0.101-0.889을 나타내어 조사여부 판정이 가능하였다. ESR 측정 결과에서는 고춧가루만이 cellulose 유래의 signal을 보이면서 방사선 조사여부를 판정할 수 있었다. 다른 3종 시료에서는 single line signal을 나타내어 ESR 판정이 어렵다는 것이 확인되었다. 따라서 전자선조사 향신료에서도 현행 물리적 판별방법으로 조사 여부 확인이 가능하였으며, false 값에 대한 이유를 밝히는 연구가 추가적으로 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.455-460
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts from 12 kinds of spices against Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides to kimchi fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from fermenting kimchi, were identified as Leu. mesenteroides, Lac. sake, Lac. plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus. The ethanol extracts of cardamon, thyme and cumin among 12 spices showed antimicrobial activities against Lac. plantarum, while they did not showed the activites against Leu. mesenteroides through paper disc method. In addition, the growth of Lac. plantarum was inhibited in MRS broth containing each of cardamon(>4%), thyme(>4%) an cumin(>1%).

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.192-200
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• 2021

Kunun-zaki, produced by submerged fermentation of a combination of millet and sorghum, is a popular beverage in Northern Nigeria. Owing to the nature of the process involved in its production, kunun-zaki is highly susceptible to contamination by food spoilage microorganisms, leading to inconsistent quality and short shelf-life. In this study, we investigated various food spices, including cinnamon, garlic, and nutmeg, as potential preservatives that could be used to extend kunun-zaki shelf-life. Kunun-zaki varieties were fermented with each of these spices mentioned above and subjected to bacterial, nutritional, sensory, and quality maintenance assessments (using a twelve-member sensory panel to evaluate the organoleptic properties of kunun-zaki). Bacterial counts in the final products ranged between 10^5-7 CFU/ml. We identified two bacterial genera, Weissella and Enterococcus, based on partial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Three amino acids, namely leucine, aspartate, and glutamate, were abundant in all kunun-zaki varieties, while the total essential amino acid content was above 39%, suggesting that kunun-zaki could potentially be considered as a protein-rich food source both for infants and adults. The kunun-zaki products were also rich in carbohydrates, crude proteins, ash, crude fiber, and fat, with contents estimated as 81-84, 8-11, 0.8-4.0, 2.9-3.58, and 5.1-6.3%, respectively. However, this nutritional content depreciated rapidly after 24 h of storage, except for kunun-zaki fermented with garlic, which its crude protein and fat content was maintained for up to 48 h. Our results revealed that organic spices increased the nutritional content of the kunun-zaki varieties and could be potentially be used as natural preservatives for enhancing the kunun-zaki shelf-life. However, garlic might be considered a better alternative based on our preliminary investigation. The presence of the isolated microorganisms in the analyzed kunun-zaki samples should be highlighted to raise awareness on the possible health hazards that could arise from poor handling and processing techniques.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2010

최근 방사선 조사는 식품의 발아억제, 살충, 살균 및 숙도조절을 위한 화학약품 처리 등의 대체방안 뿐만 아니라 식품의 저장 및 가공기술로서 인정받고 있으며, 우리나라를 비롯한 약 40개국에서 상업적인 조사식품을 생산하고 있어 이에 대한 정확한 정보를 제공하기 위한 신뢰성 있는 검지기술이 요구되고 있다. 방사선 조사식품 검지법 대상 식품 중 건조향신료 19품목에 방사선 조사 최대 허용선량인 10 kGy까지 $^{60}Co$ 감마선을 단계별로 조사하고 이를 광자극발광법(Photostimulated Luminescence, PSL)을 이용하여 검지특성을 확인하였다. PSL 측정 결과, 건조향신료 19품목 중 14품목은 1 kGy 조사된 시료에서, 1 품목은 5 kGy에서 조사시료(positive)의 threshold value인 5000 이상의 photon count/60 sec로 측정되어 방사선 조사여부의 확인이 가능하였다. 하지만 후추류, 육두구, 계피의 경우는 특이적으로 PSL 측정에 낮은 감도를 보이거나 미네랄 함량이 낮아서 최대 허용선량인 10 kGy 조사시료에서조차 방사선 조사여부의 확인이 불가능하였으며, 이 품목의 경우 열발광분석법(Thermoluminescence, TL) 등을 이용한 방사선 조사여부의 판정이 필요하였다. 또한 식물의 잎을 이용하는 향신료는 비조사 시료와 1 kGy 및 10 kGy 조사시료를 혼합하였을 때, 1 kGy 선량으로 조사된 시료가 1% 혼합된 시료에서도 방사선 조사여부의 확인이 가능하였다.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

The detection characteristics of irradiated spices were investigated depending on radiation sources and doses by photostimulated luminescence (PSL) and Thermoluminescence (TL). 6 kinds of spices (turmeric, onion powder, red pepper, basil, parsley, black pepper) were irradiated at 0 to 10 kGy under ambient conditions by both a $^{60}Co$ gamma irradiator and an electron beam (EB) accelerator, respectively. The PSL analysis showed negative results for non-irradiated spices, while irradiated spices gave intermediate and positive value, which presented the limited potential of PSL technique. In TL measurement, TL glow curves on non-irradiated samples appeared at about $300^{\circ}C$ with low intensity. All irradiated samples were easily distinguishable through radiation-specific strong TL glow curves with maximum peak in range of $150{\sim}200^{\circ}C$. TL ratio ($TL_1/TL_2$) obtained by a re-irradiation step could verify the detection result of $TL_1$ glow curves, showing ratios lower than 0.1 in the non-irradiated sample and higher than 0.1 in irradiated ones. Therefore, in PSL measurement, the identification of irradiated spices showed more clear results in electron beam irradiated samples. TL analysis showed obvious difference between non-irradiated and irradiated samples in gamma ray and electron beam irradiated samples.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.551-556
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• 1992

천연항산화제의 개발과 식용대두유의 가열산화 억제책을 마련하고자 각종 천연 향신료에 대해 식용대두유 가용성물질을 추출하고 그 추출물을 함유한 대두유와 정제 정어리유의 혼합유를 조제하여 그 저장 안정성을 살펴보았으며 이때 항산화 효과가 우수하게 나타난 rosemary의, 항산화 유효성분을 석유에테르로 추출하여 식용대두유의 가열산화에 대한 항산화 효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과 식용대두유 추출물과 정제정어리유의 혼합하였을 시 저장 안정성은 향초계 향신료 중의 rosemary 와 sage, 종자계 향신료인 mace에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 rosemary의 석유에테르 가용성획분은 식용대두유의 가열산화에 대하여 항산화 효과가 강한 것으로 나타났으녀, 또한 합성항산화제인 BHT와 비교해 볼때 그 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2005

Commonly used spices in Korean cooking (red pepper powder, garlic, ginger) were evaluated for anti-obesity properties and effects on triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol in blood and adipose tissues in rats fed a high fat (20%) diet. SD rats were raised for four weeks on either a normal diet (ND, based on the AIN-93M diet), high fat diet (HFD, supplemented with 16% lard oil in the ND), or diets containing 5% red pepper powder (RPP), garlic or ginger. These spices significantly decreased weight gain compared to HFD, but garlic and ginger showed a greater effect on reducing weight gain than RPP. The weights of liver and epididymal and perirenal fat pads in garlic and ginger diet groups were lower than those of the HFD groups (p < 0.05). The garlic and ginger also decreased triglyceride and cholesterol contents in liver and epididymal and perirenal fat pad, reversing the higher levels seen in HFD. RPP, garlic and ginger supplemented diets were effective in lowering serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels (p< 0.05). These results indicated that garlic and ginger more effectively suppressed the effects of HFD on body fat gain and lipid values of adipose tissues and serum than RPP.