• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.524-534
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• 2018

This study assessed the biological and physicochemical hazards involved in establishing a hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) for canned seasoned Broughton's ribbed ark Scapharca broughtonii and examined the critical control points (CCPs) in the field. Following the basic principles of the HACCP system, the hazard-evaluation procedures were enacted during the production of canned seasoned Broughton's ribbed ark after field investigation of a seafood product company in Korea. CCPs were determined using canned seasoned Broughton's ribbed ark with the corresponding control measures. The HACCP system was applied to each step in processing the product. The results indicated that inspection of raw materials, filling, sterilization, and alien substance detection were the most important CCPs. These results can be used to prevent and control food safety problems in the production of canned seasoned Broughton's ribbed ark.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2021

The form of agri-food transaction has taken a rapid change from the existing method since Covid-19. In response to changes in the market environment such as Covid-19, the integrated marketing organization in Jeollabuk-do was diagnosed from the point of view of innovation, and the future direction was examined. In order to improve the distribution structure of the production area, an integrated marketing organization was fostered, and both quantitative and qualitative growth were brought about. However, some regions still lack willingness to participate and lack of expertise. In particular, there is no infrastructure and strategy to prepare for the increase in non-face-to-face transactions post Covid-19. Online transactions also require economies of scale, so non-face-to-face transaction capabilities must be reinforced by adding a separate organization and experts in charge of online transaction functions within the integrated marketing organization. In the future, online sales are highly likely to expand not only to transactions between producers and individual consumers (C to C), but also to mass consumer (B to B) transactions. It will be an opportunity. In addition, it is necessary to efficiently use production area distribution facilities such as sorting and packaging. Since the non-contact transaction method will increase after Corona 19, it is necessary to strengthen marketing capabilities such as expansion of utilization rate, order placement, settlement, and customer management, and reorganization of specialized organizations.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 2016

Clostridium is a genus of Gram-positive, rod shape, spore-forming obligate anaerobe. Recently, Clostridium has been attracted as a host for bio-based chemical production, due to its diversity of substrate utilization and the production ability for metabolites which can be used as a building block for chemical production. Especially, butanol produced from Clostridium has been considered as an alternative fuel. As a transportation fuel, butanol has a higher energy density and lower hygroscopicity compared to ethanol, the first generation biofuel. Recently, metabolic engineering of Clostridium has been massively conducted for butanol production. In this study, the metabolic engineering strategy of Clostridium for butanol production has been reviewed with a brief perspective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2006

This research suggests critical and specific decisive variables that affect general service quality of the products in family restaurants, considering features of services in which consumption and production happens simultaneous by collecting the raw data through point of sales. It also analyses the factors and helps to offer them practical strategies by providing managers of the restaurants and marketers with empirical viewpoints based on the research. Generally, family restaurants need their own physical environment and are required to encourage customers to revisit themselves by maintaining pleasant environment as well as, considering space for customers and for employees' working routes and effective maintenance of the facilities. The result of the study also tells that even if the unimportant factors did not affect much on the restaurants, management over these factors can be a differentiated strategy for competitive advantage over the other businesses.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2015

The use of novel isolates of Trichoderma with efficient antagonistic capacity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is a promising alternative strategy to pesticides for tomato wilt management. We evaluated the antagonistic activity of 30 isolates of T. asperellum against 4 different isolates of FOL. The production of extracellular cell wall degrading enzymes of the antagonistic isolates was also measured. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was applied to assess the genetic variability among the T. asperellum isolates. All of the T. asperellum isolates significantly reduced the mycelial growth of FOL isolates but the amount of growth reduction varied significantly as well. There was a correlation between the antagonistic capacity of T. asperellum isolates towards FOL and their lytic enzyme production. Isolates showing high levels of chitinase and ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase activities strongly inhibited the growth of FOL isolates. RAPD analysis showed a high level of genetic variation among T. asperellum isolates. The UPGMA dendrogram revealed that T. asperellum isolates could not be grouped by their antagonistic behavior or lytic enzymes production. Six isolates of T. asperellum were highly antagonistic towards FOL and potentially could be used in commercial agriculture to control tomato wilt. Our results are consistent with the conclusion that understanding the genetic variation within Trichoderma isolates and their biochemical capabilities are required for the selection of effective indigenous fungal strains for the use as biocontrol agents.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.585-596
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• 2013

This study aims to identify the process by which local farmers are integrated into the transnational agri-food system. To that end, this study investigated the purpose and reality of the contract farming for Gold Kiwifruit between Zespri International, a transnational fruit producer based in New Zealand, and farmers in Seogwipo-si, Jeju Island. Through this contract farming, Jeju farmers were contributing to Zespri's global distribution strategy and helping the corporation meet local demand. In the process, local farmers were being integrated into the transnational agri-food system led by Zespri. In the cooperation between these two parties, the company took a limited role in providing production resources, and it consulted local producers in applying production technologies to local sites. Thanks to such practices, the company's influence on local farming was limited, and local farmers were able to function proactively in production. Therefore, the company and the farmers maintained a horizontal relationship.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2021

Norovirus (NoV) prevalence was investigated in 100 sewage samples collected from 35 individual septic tanks around the drainage basin of Jaran Bay, Korea in January, May, and July of 2017. Genotypes and diversity of NoV strains detected in sewage samples were also assessed using the conventional RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis. NoV GI or GII were detected in 22 (22.0%) and 24 (24.0%) samples, respectively. Thirteen genotypes were identified with three dominant genotypes (GI.9, GII.5 and GII.17) and GII.17 showed relatively higher prevalence during the survey period. GII.17 strains were clustered into recombinant type variant or NoV GII.17 Kawasaki variant. NoV GII.17 strains were considered emergent epidemic variants with widespread circulation. NoV surveillance strategy should include both environmental (sewage) and clinical data to reveal minor NoV genotypes likely cause of asymptomatic or underreported infections in the local population.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2012

An in vitro rumen batch culture study was completed to compare effects of common grasses, leguminous shrubs and non-leguminous shrubs used for livestock grazing in Australia and Ghana on $CH_4$ production and fermentation characteristics. Grass species included Andropodon gayanus, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Pennisetum purpureum. Leguminous shrub species included Cajanus cajan, Cratylia argentea, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala and Stylosanthes guianensis and non-leguminous shrub species included Annona senegalensis, Moringa oleifera, Securinega virosa and Vitellaria paradoxa. Leaves were harvested, dried at $55^{\circ}C$ and ground through a 1 mm screen. Serum bottles containing 500 mg of forage, modified McDougall's buffer and rumen fluid were incubated under anaerobic conditions at $39^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. Samples of each forage type were removed after 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h of incubation for determination of cumulative gas production. Methane production, ammonia concentration and proportions of VFA were measured at 24 h. Concentration of aNDF (g/kg DM) ranged from 671 to 713 (grasses), 377 to 590 (leguminous shrubs) and 288 to 517 (non-leguminous shrubs). After 24 h of in vitro incubation, cumulative gas, $CH_4$ production, ammonia concentration, proportion of propionate in VFA and IVDMD differed (p<0.05) within each forage type. B. ruziziensis and G. sepium produced the highest cumulative gas, IVDMD, total VFA, proportion of propionate in VFA and the lowest A:P ratios within their forage types. Consequently, these two species produced moderate $CH_4$ emissions without compromising digestion. Grazing of these two species may be a strategy to reduce $CH_4$ emissions however further assessment in in vivo trials and at different stages of maturity is recommended.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.166-174
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• 2015

In this study, an efficient whole cell-based biotransformation for the production of liquiritigenin was developed using Laetiporus sulphureus CS0218 as biocatalyst and aqueous extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis as co-substrate, respectively. In order to determine the efficacy of this method, the optimal bioconversion conditions including mycelial growth, three important enzyme activities (${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\alpha}$-rhamnosidase and ${\beta}$-xylosidase), and apparent viscosity of culture broth were monitored. After optimization, aqueous extracts of G. uralensis were added to the culture medium to directly produce algycone liquiritigenin. By applying this strategy, 67.5% of liquiritin was converted to liquiritigenin at pH 3.0 after 9 days of incubation and finally liquiritigenin was purified from the reaction mixture. And then, their biological activities including anti-oxidant and superoxide dismutase were observed. In fact, purified liquiritigenin was capable of bi-directional functions (i.e., either up-regulation or down-regulation of SIRT1 which is associated with aging). The results indicate that this strategy would be beneficial to produce biologically active liquiritigenin and could be used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food applications.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.277-298
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• 2012

Once a production focused on primary industry, Food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries industry is now trying to shed away and plans to totally transform the paradigm of agricultural R&D with a leaping goal towards being a new growth engine. Promoting the bioindustry through utilizing agricultural bioresources was selected as the primary task and also made all efforts to support by all government department and ministry. In this study, we are raised problems and planned the improvements by the empirical analysis of national R&D policy, investment strategy, the recent progress of R&D program, and the performance of R&D investment to achieve early commercialization in fields of agricultural bioresources utilizing. We also propose the R&D role sharing and cooperations of public/private sector to commercialize the agricultural bioresources from the comprehensive empirical analysis results. It will eventually strengthen the national R&D investment strategy and efficiency and then will contribute towards a successful early commercialization performance in bioindustry through utilizing agricultural bioresources.