• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.395-404
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• 2010

A multi-residual method using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS/ MS) was developed for the analysis of 105 pesticides. This method was tested on lemons, beans and other vegetables. The pretreatment of these pesticides was performed by liquid-liquid partition followed by cleanup with solid phase extraction cartridge (SPE Florisil), after acetonitrile extraction from matrices and sodium chloride (15 g) addition. The recovery ranged from 71.1% to 126.0% except for azinphosmethyl, famoxadone, fenamidone, flufenoxuron and triadimefon in lemons and from 72.5% to 124.5% in bean. In lemon, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.001~150 ng/ mL and 0.004~500 ng/mL, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.304-307
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• 2005

Multiresidue method was set up for the simultaneous determination of various residual pesticides in potatoes and carrots, which was analyzed by gas chromatography-electron capture detector/nitrogen phosphorus detector. Method consisted with acetone/acetonitrile (9 : 1) extraction and dichloromethane partition, followed by florisil cartridge purification with hexane/dichloromethane/acetonitrile (50 : 45 ; 5) elution. Among 197 pesticides (194 kinds) spiked to food materials, 143 and 155 pesticides were recovered over 70% on potatoes and carrots, respectively. Nineteen pesticides including bromacil, cyproconazole, were not detected in water and sample matrices. Matrix components may affect the low detections of 25 pesticides such as benfuracarb, bitertanol from potatoes and 16 pesticides such as bitertanol, carbosulfan from Carrots. Some pesticides including dichlobenil, fluoroimide and iprodione were highly detected from one or both matrices even though they were not detected from water.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2013

The AOAC Mouse Bioassay method (MBA) has been widely used for routine monitoring of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) for more than 50 years. However, this method has low sensitivity and experiences interference from other components in the extract. Also, ethical issues have been raised against the continued use of this live-mouse assay. To establish an alternative method for PSP analysis, we attempted to develop PSP analysis conditions using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The LC-MS/MS analysis of reference material showed very reasonable accuracy, and the analysis time was just 15 min. However, the recovery rate of toxin spike samples using the LC-MS/MS analysis was 59.4-91.0%. We also attempted to remove the matrix effect using shellfish extracts, but recoveries of C1 and C2 did not improve. A comparison between the results of MBA and LC-MS/MS analysis revealed good correlations, with values of 0.8878 and 0.9211 for oyster and mussel matrices, respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2013

The mouse bioassay and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) post-column oxidation method are different methods of quantifying paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In this study, we compared their ability to accurately quantify the toxicity levels in two types of field sample (oysters and mussels) with different toxin profiles for routine regulatory monitoring. A total of 72 samples were analyzed by both methods, 44 of which gave negative results, with readings under the limit of detection of the mouse bioassay ($40{\mu}g/100g$ saxitoxin [STX] eq). In 14 oysters, the major toxin components were gonyautoxin (GTX) 1, -2, -3, -4, -5, decarbamoylgonyautoxin-2 (dcGTX2), and decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX), while 14 mussels tested positive for dcSTX, GTX2, -3, -4, -5, dcGTX2, neosaxitoxin (NEO), STX, and dcSTX. When the results obtained by both methods were compared in two matrices, a better correlation ($r^2=0.9478$) was obtained for mussels than for oysters ($r^2=0.8244$). Additional studies are therefore needed in oysters to investigate the differences in the results obtained by both methods. Importantly, some samples with toxin levels around the legal limit gave inconsistent results using HPLC-based techniques, which could have a strong economic impact due to enforced harvest area closure. It should therefore be determined if all paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins can be quantified accurately by HPLC, and if the uncertainties of the method lead to doubts regarding regulatory limits.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.153-161
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• 2015

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial extracellular matrices degrading enzymes that have important roles in metastasis of cancer progression as well as other significant conditions such as oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis. Marine plants are on the rise for their potential to provide natural products that exhibit remarkable health benefits. In this context, brown algae species have been of much interest in the pharmaceutical field with reported instances of isolation of bioactive compounds against tumor growth and MMP activity. In this study, eight different brown algae species were harvested, and their extracts were compared in regard to their anti-MMP effects. According to gelatin zymography results, Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia bicyclis, and Ishige okamurae showed higher inhibitory effects than the other samples on MMP-2 and -9 activity at the concentrations of 10, 50, and $100{\mu}g/mL$. However, only I. okamurae was able to regulate the MMP activity through the expression of MMP and tissue inhibitor of MMP observed by mRNA levels. Overall, brown algae species showed to be good sources for anti-MMP agents, while I. okamurae needs to be further studied for its potential to yield pharmaceutical molecules that can regulate MMP-activity through cellular pathways as well as enzymatic inhibition.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.403-410
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• 2000

This study was carried out to understand the effect of addition of potato search on the frozen dough. The characteristics of frozen dough were measured by the farinogram, the extensogram and the amylogram. The results of these measurements show that the dough added with starch has higher stability than the control. The physical and chemical change of the dough were measured in accordance with the period of the frozen storage. The dough added with starch showed smaller physical and chemical change than control, which means that the starch prevents the frozen dough from the deterioration during the frozen storage. It is supposed from this result that the starch protects the activity of yeast and the structure of gluten matrices from frozen damage. It is understood from this study that addition of potato starch into frozen dough improve the stability of the frozen dough.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.755-764
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• 1996

A multispectral imaging system with selected wavelength optical filter was demonstrated feasible for food safety inspection. Intensified multispectral images of carcasses were obtained with visible/near-infrared optical filters(542-847 nm wavelengths) and analyzed. The analysis of textural features based on co-occurrence matrices was conducted to determine the feasibility of a multispectral image analyses for discriminating unwholesome poultry carcasses from wholesome carcasses. The mean angular second moment of the wholesome carcasses scanned at 542 nm wavelength was lower than that of septicemic (P$\leq$0.0005) and cadaver(P$\leq$0.0005) carcasses. On the other hand, for the carcasses scanned at 700nm wavelength , the feature values of septicemic and cadaver carcasses were significantly (P$\leq$0.0005) different from wholesome carcasses. The discriminant functions for classifying poultry carcasses into three classes (wholesome, septicemic , cadaver) were developed using linear and quadr tic covariance matrix analysis method. The accuracy of the quadratic discriminant models, expressed in rates of correct classification, were over 90% for the classification of wholesome, septicemic, and cadaver carcasses when textural features from the spectral images scanned at the wavelength of 542 and 700nm were utilized.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 1988

The initial selection of plants is the decisive step in the ultimate success of any landscape planting. This study intended to establish a reasonable selecting criteria of tree in the landscape through the holistic consideration of aesthetic, functional, cultural, operational and ecological viewpoints. The matrices of evaluating the fitness of tree were modulated to 10 categories ; availability from the established nursery. aesthetic value, indigenous to the locality, maintenance, soil fertility requirement, environmental tolerances. growth rate. wild-life food production. use of plants in design and user's likes. This 10 categories were weighted to their fitness as high(10 points), medium(8 points) and low(5points). Thus suitable plants were identified which got 70 more points from total 100 points. Such a method was believed as a rational process to get trust from client. to persuade uneducated client and to be free from designer's prejudice through a case study. But it is important to landscape designer to recognize the relationship between the rationality which prevails throughout the modern technical world and the intuitive aspects of design that are essential for developing creative solutions to encourage creativity as well as analytical responsibility.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.313-319
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• 2015

3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) are not only produced in the manufacturing process of foodstuffs such as hydrolyzed vegetable proteins and soy sauce but are also formed by heat processing in the presence of fat and low water activity. 3-MCPD exists both in free and ester forms, and the ester form has been also detected in various foods. Free 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP are classified as Group 2B by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Although there is no data confirming the toxicity of either compound in humans, their toxicity was evidenced in animal experimentation or in vitro. Although few studies have been conducted, free 3-MCPD has been shown to have neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity. In contrast, 1,3-DCP only has mutagenic activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP in various foods using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP were analyzed using phenyl boronic acid derivatization and the liquid-liquid extraction method, respectively. The analytical method for 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP was validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation, accuracy and precision. Consequently, the LODs of 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP in various matrices were identified to be in the ranges of 4.18~10.56 ng/g and 1.06~3.15 ng/g, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.417-429
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• 2018

Background: The objective of this study was to make colloidal dispersions of the active compounds of radix of Angelica gigas Nakai that could be charaterized as nano-composites using hot melt extrusion (HME). Food grade hydrophilic polymer matrices were used to disperse these compound in aqueous media. Methods and Results: Extrudate solid formulations (ESFs) mediated by various HPMCs (hydroxypropyl methylcelluloses) and Na-Alg polymers made from ultrafine powder of the radix of Angelica gigas Nakai were developed through a physical crosslink method (HME) using an ionization agent (treatment with acetic acid) and different food grade polymers [HPMCs, such as HP55, CN40H, AN6 and sodium alignate (Na-Alg)]. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the amorphization of crystal compounds in the HP55-mediated extrudate solid formulation (HP55-ESF). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated a lower enthalpy (${\Delta}H=10.62J/g$) of glass transition temperature (Tg) in the HP55-ESF than in the other formulations. Infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that new functional groups were produced in the HP55-ESF. The content of phenolic compounds, flavonoid (including decursin and decursinol angelate) content, and antioxidant activity increased by 5, 10, and 2 times in the HP55-ESF, respectively. The production of water soluble (61.5%) nano-sized (323 nm) particles was achieved in the HP55-ESF. Conclusions: Nano-composites were developed herein utilizing melt-extruded solid dispersion technology, including food grade polymer enhanced nano dispersion (< 500 nm) of active compounds from the radix of Angelica gigas Nakai with enhanced solubility and bioavailability. These nano-composites of the radix of Angelica gigas Nakai can be developed and marketed as products with high therapeutic performance.