• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.706-715
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• 2011

This study aims to identify the dietary patterns relevant to obesity of Korean women among low income classes. Adults 20-64 years were used as study subjects from the data of 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We compared obese and normal-weight women in terms of their nutrients intake, diet quality and food patterns. Diet quality was assessed by using the Nutritional Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). Our results showed higher prevalence of obesity among lower socioeconomic status women. In men, there were no significant associations with socioeconomic status and prevalence of obesity. Higher risk of nutritional inadequacy was observed among obese women compared to normal weight women. Obese women showed significantly lower INQ for nutrients such as Ca, Fe, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Riboflavin and Vitamin C compared to other women. They consumed significantly higher amount of rice (p < 0.05) and lower amount of vegetables (p < 0.01). By contrast, obese men from low income classes showed higher intake of those nutrients. Obese men also consumed significantly higher amount of meats than normal weight men. Therefore, this study suggests that gender-specific approaches based on economic situation should be considered in developing the intervention program for managing obesity for low income classes.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1992

식생활은 지역, 경제, 문화 등의 다양한 요인에 의해 다른 양상을 나타낸다. 1960년 이후 한국의 경제는 급속도로 성장했고, 사회적으로도 많은 변화를 가져왔으며 한국인의 영양상태 또한 급격하게 변화하고 있다. 같은 동양권에서 한국과 일본의 식생활은 많은 유사점을 갖고 있으며 또한 시대별로 비슷한 경향의 식생활 변화를 나타내고 있다. 한국의 영양소별 섭취량은 1988년의 경우 탄수화물, 단백질은 일본을 앞서고 있으며, 지방은 일본이 한국에 비해 섭취량이 2배 이상 많았다. 에너지의 영양소별 섭취 구성비의 연차적 추이를 보면, 양국 모두 탄수화물의 섭취 비율은 감소하고 있고 단백질, 지방의 섭취비율은 증가하였다. 1988년의 경우 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방의 구성비가 일본은 59 : 15 : 26으로 적정수준에 도달해 있고, 한국은 67 : 19 : 14로 일본에 비해 탄수화물의 섭취 비율은 높고 지방의 섭취 비율은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 식품 공급은 총량은 양국 모두 증가 추세이고, 공급 단백질 중 동물성 단백질이 일본은 45g, 한국은 30.7g이고, 공급 지질 중 유지류는 일본은 39g, 한국은 29g으로 동물성 식품과 유지류의 섭취가 한국에 비해 일본이 높았다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.367-371
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• 2020

We evaluated the eating pattern, physical activity, and daytime sleepiness level in Chilean shift workers. Fifty, middle-aged adult health workers from a public hospital in Santiago, Chile, were included: a group undergoing shift work (shift workers, including at least one "night shift" and one "long day", n = 33), and day workers under traditional schedule (from 8:00 to 17:00h, n = 17). Body composition, physical activity, and daytime sleepiness levels, and diet characteristics (diet composition, meals' timing, and diet quality) were assessed. Despite similar total energy intake, shift worker showed lower carbohydrate (% of energy) and higher protein intake (both P < 0.01), decreased diet quality, an irregular eating pattern, and delayed meal timing (all P < 0.05). Physical activity and daytime sleepiness levels did not differ between groups. Findings from this first Chilean study in healthcare shift workers support the fact that meal timing and diet quality appear as critical factors for upcoming intervention studies in this group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5959-5964
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• 2014

Background: Dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake has been shown to play a role in the etiology of breast cancer, but the findings have been inconsistent and limited to developed countries with higher cancer incidence. Objective: To examine the association of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk with dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake. Materials and Methods: This population based case-control study was conducted in Malaysia with 382 breast cancer patients and 382 controls. Food intake pattern was assessed via an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a broad range of potential confounders were included in analysis. Results: A significant two fold increased risk of breast cancer among premenopausal (OR $Q_4$ to $Q_1$=1.93, 95%CI: 1.53-2.61, p-trend=0.001) and postmenopausal (OR $Q_4$ to $Q_1$=1.87, 95%CI: 1.03-2.61, p-trend=0.045) women was observed in the highest quartile of sugar. A higher intake of dietary fiber was associated with a significantly lower breast cancer risk among both premenopausal ($ORQ_4$ to $Q_1$=0.31, 95%CI: 0.12-0.79, p-trend=0.009) and postmenopausal ($ORQ_4$ to $Q_1$=0.23, 95%CI: 0.07-0.76, p-trend=0.031) women. Conclusions: Sugar and dietary fiber intake were independently related to pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. However, no association was observed for dietary carbohydrate intake.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 1998

In this study, the food intake, feces and urine of 14 primary school age boys and girls were collected and intake and excretion of iron and zinc were measured. The boys and girls were 8-12 years old and measurement continued for four weeks during which they maintained their normal living pattern. Each boy's and girl's daily intake and excretion of iron and zinc were measured and apparent digestibility and balance were also calculated. The results are as follows. Mean daily intake of iron was $14.9\pm{0.6mg}$ for the boys and $12.4\pm{0.5mg}$ for the girls. Mean daily intake of zinc was $11.8\pm{1.2mg}$ for the boys and $11.5\pm{0.4mg}$ for the girls. Mean daily fecal loss and apparent digestibility of iron was $6.1\pm{0.3mg}$ and $58.8\pm{2.0%}$ for the boys and $6.8\pm{0.1mg}$ and $44.1\pm{2.0%}$ for the girls. Mean daily fecal loss and apparent digestibility of zinc was $9.3\pm{0.2mg}$ and $14.4\pm{5.1%}$ for the boys and $9.7\pm{0.4mg}$ and $14.3\pm{4.3%}$ for the girls. Mean daily urinary loss of iron was $1.1\pm{0.1mg}$ and showed the positive balance of $7.86\pm{0.6mg}$ for the boys and $0.5\pm{0.1mg}$ and showed the positive balance of $5.14\pm{0.4mg}$ for the girls. Mean daily urinary loss of zinc was $0.5\pm{0.1mg}$ and showed the positive balance of $1.03\pm{0.6mg}$ for the girls.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.192-197
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the energy intake and energy expenditure of obese children. The body weight and height were measured, and the daily energy intake and activity pattern assessed for one day, using the 24 hour recall method and interviews in 83 elementary school children (59 boys and 24 girls). The average age, height, weight, ideal body weight and obesity index in boys and girls were 11.8 years, 144.8 cm, 54.2 kg, 39.9 kg and 35.9% and 11.5 years, 140.8 cm, 48.9 kg, 36.9 kg and 33.7%, respectively. The mean daily energy intakes of boys and girls were 1,670.5 and 1,656.5 kcal; these being 76.4 and 88.5% of estimated energy requirement for Koreans, respectively. The energy intake ratio from carbohydrates, proteins and fats in boys and girls were 61.5:14.7:23.6 and 62.0:14.7:23.7, respectively. The resting energy expenditure, as estimated by the Harris-Benedict, WHO/NAO/FAO and Korean DRI formulae in boys and girls were 1,452.7, 1,239.2 and 1,629.2 kcal and 1,323.9, 1,156.0 and 1,252.4 kcal, respectively. The activity coefficient for both the boys and girls was 1.39. The daily energy expenditure of boys (1,990.7 kcal) was significantly higher than that of girls (1712.1 kcal). No significant correlations were found between the obesity index, energy intake and energy expenditure. These results suggested that a nutrition and exercise program is required to increase the energy expenditure of elementary school children. Further research will be needed to assess multiple dietary factors and dove]lop a standard method for assessing the energy expenditure of obese children.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.124-139
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• 2013

Unlike studies of Europeans and Americans, many epidemiological studies of the Korean population have indicated that their risk for cardiovascular disease does not decrease with a vegetable-rich diet. The different dietary practices of Koreans, who consume salted vegetables instead of fresh vegetables (common in the Western diet), has been suggested as a reason for this observation. Korea is in a period of rapid epidemiologic transition, which includes dietary and disease patterns; therefore, this study investigated differences in the food consumption pattern and blood lipid profiles of Koreans compared to Europeans and Americans. The identification of dietary patterns related to blood lipid abnormalities was carried out using the 2007~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey data from 14,056 subjects. Dietary patterns were analyzed according to food group and nutrient intake. Blood lipid abnormalities were classified into three groups: hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL cholesterolemia (hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia was 12.4%, 16.2%, and 27.7% respectively. In our analysis, the low consumption of all food groups was related to hypercholesterolemia. The high consumption of vegetable-containing foods, alcoholic beverages, and the low consumption of milk products were associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia. Thus, unlike Europeans and Americans, the low consumption of all food groups is related to hypercholesterolemia and a low consumption of milk products is related to hypertriglyceridemia and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia. Dietary pattern might play a role in epidemiologic transition of Korean. Also, this study implies necessity of further research using longitudinal data.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.98-111
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• 2001

The article demonstrates a method of studying human health and nutrition by applying a multi-disciplinary approach and examines how humans developed and survived by adjusting to their environment. This process involves physiological, cultural and genetic adaptation both independently and interactively. This study postulates that a sound human health may be the result of balance between nutrition and environmental conditions. It is noted that there is a positive correlation between malaria and fava bean intake, and sickle cell anemia and cassava intake. It is also suggested that the difference in disease structure in soybean and non-soybean consumption cultures can be explained by an ecological approach to studying nutrition. This study further suggest that the relationship between nutrition and socio-cultural system. epidmiological study of nutrition and cultural environment nutrition and conceptual characteristics, nutrition and food intake pattern, nutrition and health sociological functions and the physioloical, cultural and genetic adaptation can all be stimulating research subjects to be studied form and ecological point of view. This article also includes the results from a series of ecological studies conducted by the author investigating the relationship between nutritional status of Korean breast-feeding mothers and the composition of the human milk and also the Vitamin D status of Korean and their lifestyle. (Korean J Nutrition 34(1):98-111, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 1978

The hazards to man of nuclear fallout produced by the nuclear tests in the atmosphere were briefly discussed. Seriousness of hazards due to Sr-90 existing not only in the nuclear fallout but also in the spent nuclear fuel and nuclear waste was pointed out. The uncertainty in health hazards to Koreans coming from the relatively low fraction of Ca intake from dairy products was stressed. In order to minimize the possible additional damage due to the particular Korean meal pattern, the investigation of ways to reduce the Sr-90 intake from Korean foods was proposed.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 1981

The diets of Gwangju and Yeosu city residents, nutrition survey was carried out both 1979 and 1980 year. 1. Average intake of nutritional elements for an adult per day was 654.88 gr. 2. Average Calorie distribution of the nutritional elements per adult per day was 17.85% for protein, 79.35% for carbohydrate, and 2.81% for Fat in Gwangju; 22.22% for protein, 73.88% for carbohydrate and 3.91% for Fat in Yeosu. 3. The ratio of the animal protein to total protein consumed was 75.09% in average. The amount of ingested protein, animal protein and plant protein were 130.05gr., 97.65gr. and 32.39gr. respectively. 4. In aspect of Calorie, take-in calorie was 2749.38 cal. which was lower than the RDA (3000 cal.). 5. In aspect of the minerals(Fe, Ca), the intake of Ca was 608.47mg. in Gwangju, but 491.89mg. in Yeosu. The intake of Fe in Gwangju and Yeosu were 13.21mg. and 10.22mg. respectively. The RDA for Fe, Ca were 600mg. and 10mg. respectively. 6. The amount of intaked thiamine and riboflavin were 1.48mg. and 1.01mg. respectively. The RDA of thiamine and riboflavin were 1.5mg. and 1.8mg. respectively.