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http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.14.5959

Dietary Carbohydrate, Fiber and Sugar and Risk of Breast Cancer According to Menopausal Status in Malaysia  

Sulaiman, Suhaina (Dietetics Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)
Shahril, Mohd Razif (School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin)
Wafa, Sharifah Wajihah (School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin)
Shaharudin, Soraya Hanie (Dietetics Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)
Hussin, Sharifah Noor Akmal Syed (Department of Pathology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre)
Publication Information
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention / v.15, no.14, 2014 , pp. 5959-5964 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: Dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake has been shown to play a role in the etiology of breast cancer, but the findings have been inconsistent and limited to developed countries with higher cancer incidence. Objective: To examine the association of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk with dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake. Materials and Methods: This population based case-control study was conducted in Malaysia with 382 breast cancer patients and 382 controls. Food intake pattern was assessed via an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a broad range of potential confounders were included in analysis. Results: A significant two fold increased risk of breast cancer among premenopausal (OR $Q_4$ to $Q_1$=1.93, 95%CI: 1.53-2.61, p-trend=0.001) and postmenopausal (OR $Q_4$ to $Q_1$=1.87, 95%CI: 1.03-2.61, p-trend=0.045) women was observed in the highest quartile of sugar. A higher intake of dietary fiber was associated with a significantly lower breast cancer risk among both premenopausal ($ORQ_4$ to $Q_1$=0.31, 95%CI: 0.12-0.79, p-trend=0.009) and postmenopausal ($ORQ_4$ to $Q_1$=0.23, 95%CI: 0.07-0.76, p-trend=0.031) women. Conclusions: Sugar and dietary fiber intake were independently related to pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. However, no association was observed for dietary carbohydrate intake.
Keywords
carbohydrate; fiber; sugar; premenopausal; postmenopausal; breast cancer;
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