• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2013

While it is reasonably well known that certain dental procedures increase the temperature of the tooth's surface, of greater interest is their potential damaging effect on the pulp and tooth-supporting tissues. Previous studies have investigated the responses of the pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone to thermal irritation and the temperature at which thermal damage is initiated. There are also many in vitro studies that have measured the temperature increase of the pulp and tooth-supporting tissues during restorative and endodontic procedures. This review article provides an overview of studies measuring temperature increases in tooth structures during several restorative and endodontic procedures, and proposes clinical guidelines for reducing potential thermal hazards to the pulp and supporting tissues.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.283.2-283.2
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• 2002

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used intensively in agriculture and industry for a long time. They belong to a group of contaminants whose occurrence in the environment is a serious concern to environmental chemists and toxicologists due to their resistance to degradation in the environment as well as their potential toxicity. Also. the lipophilic characteristics of these substances are responsible for their ability to bioaccumulate in tissues and organs rich in lipids of men and animals through food chain. Therefore, the measure of the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in human tissues are good markers in detemining the extent to exposure and evaluating the hazards. This study was preformed to compare concentrations of organochlorine pesticides(${\alpha}-BHC, {\beta}-BHC, {\gamma}-BHC, {\delta}-BHC$, p.p'-DDT,p.p'-DDD,p.p.'-DDE. endrin. dieldrin. aldrin) and seven marker PCBs(PCB nos. 28. 52. 101. 118. 138. 153. 180) in liver. kidney cortex, lung blood and adipose tissue collected at autopsies of 10men and 10 women using gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector to express the data on a lipid adjusted basis. From the results, the significant differences in the levels of organochlorines of PCBs between sexes, districts where they had lived and ages were also investigated.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2023

According to the COVID-19, development of various medical software based on IoT(Internet of Things) was accelerated. Especially, interest in a central software system that can remotely monitor and control ventilators is increasing to solve problems related to the continuous increase in severe COVID-19 patients. Since medical device software is closely related to human life, this study aims to develop central monitoring system that can remotely monitor and control multiple ventilators in compliance with medical device software development standards and to verify performance of system. In addition, to ensure the safety and reliability of this central monitoring system, this study also specifies risk management requirements that can identify hazardous situations and evaluate potential hazards and confirms the implementation of cybersecurity to protect against potential cyber threats, which can have serious consequences for patient safety. As a result, we obtained medical device software manufacturing certificates from MFDS(Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) through technical documents about performance verification, risk management and cybersecurity application.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.208-217
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• 2011

피리미설판에 대한 독성을 평가하고 일일섭취허용량을 설정하기 위하여 다양한 인축독성 시험성적서를 검토하였다. 대사시험결과, 주로 대변을 통해 배설되었으며, 급성독성은 낮았고, 피부, 안점막자극성과 피부감작성은 없었다. 랫드 90일 반복투여 경구독성시험결과에서 피리미설판 투여에 따른 영향은 혈액학적지표 및 간장에서 확인되었고 발암성은 없었으며, 번식독성, 기형독성 등에서 번식능력 몇 기형에 대한 영향 및 유전독성은 확인되지 않았다. 최대무작용량은 개 90일 반복투여 경구독성시험 10 mg/kg/day였으며, 안전계수 100으로 나눈 0.1 mg/kg/day을 일일섭취허용량(ADI)으로 설정하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.998-1002
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• 2003

비살균 처리 농산식품에 오염되어 있는 세균성 식중독균인 B. cereus의 저감화 할 수 있는 방법을 개발하고자 하였다 B. cereus를 20% ethanol농도에서 5분간 처리 시에는 생육에 영향이 없었으나 30% ethanol에서 5분간 처리하였을 경우 생육저해효과를 보였다. 또한 처리시간이 경과함에 따라 뚜렷한 증식저해 효과를 나타냈으며 E. coli, S. typhimurium 보다 더 많은 생육저해 현상을 보였다. 10% NaCl에서 5분간 처리한 경우 모든 균주에서 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났지만 10% NaCl 과 20% ethanol을 조합하여 5분, 10분간 처리한 경우 모든 균에서 생육이 저해되었다. 특히 B. cereus의 경우는 5분 처리 후에 $10^8cfu/mL$수준에서 $10^2cfu/mL$로 감소하였으며 10분간 처리 시 모두 사멸되는 synergy효과를 보였고 야생형의 B. cereus에서도 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 특별한 살균처리 없이 식용되는 여러 농산 식품소재의 전처리에 적용함으로써 식중독 유발균의 오염을 저감화 하는데 활용될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.800-807
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• 2013

본 연구는 시판되고 있는 다진 마늘의 미생물학적 위생 상태와 품질에 대해 조사하고자 수행하였다. 대형마트와 재래시장에서 판매되는 마늘을 구입하여 시료로 사용하였다. 마늘의 형태에 따른 총균수의 변화는 2.55~7.40 log CFU/g이며 껍질을 벗기지 않은 통마늘의 경우 2.55 log CFU/g으로 가장 낮았으며 가공되어진 마늘의 총균수는 5.20~7.40 log CFU/g 수준이었다. 대장균군의 경우 다진 마늘이 3.80 log CFU/g으로 가장 높은 수준을 나타냈으며 통마늘은 검출되지 않았다. 가장 수요가 많은 다진 마늘의 계절별 미생물 평가를 한 결과 대형마트에서 구매한 경우 계절에 관계없이 5 log CFU/g 이하로 재래시장 및 인터넷 쇼핑몰에서 구매한 다진 마늘의 총균수보다 낮았다. 여름철, 대부분의 재래시장 다진 마늘에서 대장균군수가 2.22~4.02 log CFU/g 수준이었으며 대형마트나 인터넷 쇼핑몰에서는 검출되지 않았다. 통마늘에 비해 가공되어진 마늘의 미생물수가 높아 가공 중의 오염 가능성을 볼 수 있으며, 대형마트에서 판매하는 다진 마늘이 재래시장이나 인터넷 쇼핑몰에서 판매하는 마늘에 비해 위생적임을 알 수 있었다. 일부 대형마트 다진 마늘의 경우 pH가 4.96~5.17 수준으로 통마늘의 pH 수준인 7.40~7.50보다 낮게 나타났다. 시판 다진 마늘의 수분함량은 61.92~89.32% 수준으로 나타났으며, 국내산과 중국산 냉동마늘 중 일부 제품에서 수분함량이 75% 이상 수준을 나타내어 유의적인 차이가 있었다. L, a, b 값은 각각 52.63~64.47, -3.74~-0.62 및 10.67~17.88 수준으로 나타났다. 대형마트에서 구입한 다진 마늘 중 구연산을 첨가한 제품의 a 및 b값은 -3.74~-3.20, 10.67~13.90으로 다른 제품에 비해 갈변이 억제됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.4310-4317
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• 2014

본 연구는 수작업 떡류의 HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point)시스템 적용을 위한 목적으로 하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 시료는 떡의 주원료, 작업장 시설, 도구와 작업자는, 2012년 9월 12일~2013년 2월 13일까지 서울시 용산구 서계동 소재에 있는 KB 업체에서 제공받았다. 제조공정도는 일반적인 떡류 제조업체의 제조공정을 참고로 작성하였다. 제조 공정도는 원료 농산물(맵쌀, 찹쌀, 잣 등), 부재료(분말원료), 용수와 포장재료의 입고, 보관, 정선 및 계량, 세척, 불림, 탈수, 분쇄, 주재료 혼합, 익반죽, 수작업 성형, 증자, 냉각, 절단, 내포장, 금속검출, 외포장, 보관 및 출하공정으로 작성하였다. 원료 농산물의 미생물학적 위해요소 분석결과는 Table 1과 같다. 본 연구결과 증자공정 후의 떡과 원재료의 미생물검사 결과는 안전한 것으로 보인다. 하지만, 체계적인 세척 및 소독을 실시하여 미생물학적 위해를 감소시키고 작업자 위생교육 등을 통하여 개인위생개념 향상과 작업장의 미생물 관리가 함께 이루어져야 할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

Objectives: This study examined the association of the total diet quality with the incidence risk of metabolic syndrome constituents and metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. Methods: Based on a community-based cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) from 2001 to 2014, data from a total of 5,549 subjects (2,805 men & 2,744 women) aged 40~69 years at the baseline with a total follow-up period of 38,166 person-years were analyzed. The criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel was employed to define metabolic syndrome. The total diet quality was estimated using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of metabolic syndrome constituents and metabolic syndrome in relation to KHEI quintile groups was calculated by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: After adjusting for age, energy intake, income, education, physical activity, smoking, and drinking, the incidence of abdominal obesity and high blood pressure was significantly lower, by approximately 29.7% (P < 0.01) and 25.2% (P < 0.01), respectively, in the fifth KHEI quintile compared to the first quintile in men. A significant decreasing trend of the metabolic syndrome incidence was observed across the improving levels of KHEI (HRq5vs.q1: 0.775, 95% CIq5vs.q1: 0.619~0.971, P for trend < 0.01). In women, the incidence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome was significantly lower, by approximately 29.8% (P < 0.01) and 22.5% (P < 0.05), respectively, in the fifth KHEI quintile compared to the first quintile adjusting for multiple covariates. On the other hand, the linear trend of metabolic syndrome risk across the KHEI levels did not reach the significance level. Conclusions: A better diet quality can prevent future metabolic syndrome and its certain risk factors among Korean men and women.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2020

Objectives: In this study, we assessed respiratory hazards in the working environment as the work-relatedness of occupational diseases were examined. Methods: The subjects of the study were three Korean meat roasting restaurants, one Chinese restaurant, and two cafeterias. Measurement items were total dust, respirable dust, fine dust (PM_2.5), PAHs, TVOCs, temperature, humidity, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Results: The concentration of total dust and respiratory dust in the restaurant was low. Most PAHs were undetectable, but some Napthalene and Acenaphthylene was detected. Thirteen kinds of PAHs were detected in one sample of roasted meat, and Benzo(a)pyrene was 1.496 ㎍/㎥. PM_2.5, TVOCs, CO, and CO₂ were instantaneously high, but the average concentration was low. NO₂ was not detected. Conclusions: The results show that harmful substances such as PM_2.5, PAHs, CO, and TVOCs were generated in the air in the catering industry. When roasting meat, Benzo(a)pyrene, a carcinogen related to lung cancer, was generated among PAHs. Lung cancer can occur when working for a long time in such a working environment. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the working environment for the health of restaurant workers, and it is necessary to evaluate the concentration of harmful substances by cooking method through further research.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.224-234
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to obtain information concerning the health hazards that may result from a 13 week inhalation exposure of n-pentane in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: This study was conducted in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines for the testing of chemicals No. 413 'Subchronic inhalation toxicity: 90-day study (as revised in 2009)'. The rats were divided into 4 groups (10 male and 10 female rats in each group), and were exposed to 0, 340, 1,530, and 6,885 ppm n-pentane in each exposure chamber for 6 hour/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks. All of the rats were sacrificed at the end of the treatment period. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, locomotion activity, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weights, and histopathology were assessed. Results: During the period of testing, there were no treatment related effects on the clinical findings, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, relative organ weight, and histopathological findings. Conclusion: The no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of n-pentane is evaluated as being more than 6,885 ppm (20.3 mg/L) in both male and female rats. n-pentane was not a classified specific target organ toxicity in the globally harmonized classification system (GHS).