• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2009

The Oriental white stork (Ciconia boyciana) is an endangered species in Korea as well as in the world. In order to provide information on foraging habitats for releasing storks to the wild, we studied the foraging behavior of the species according to different food densities and water levels. We released two individuals, male and female, after enclosing a study site with a fence and cutting out a part of two or three primary feathers. Research was conducted from 20 June to 16 August 2008 at Whawon-ri, Mewon-myung, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea. We investigated habitat patch usage, foraging efficiency, and foraging methods of the feeding individuals in the different food densities and water levels. The storks invested more for foraging time and trials, and they captured more food in a habitat of high food density than others. The female invested more time and captured food most in a habitat of lowest water depth while the male in a habitat of middle water depth. However, foraging efficiency did not differ significantly among habitats of food density and water depth, and only differed between male and female by ways of foraging method. From this study we suggest that the storks select foraging habitats and foraging methods under different conditions of food density and water depth.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutritional status of iron and bone minernl density in premenopausal women. In the study, we classified the subjects into osteopenia (-2.5-I, n=29) groups according to their lumbar spine bone mineral density. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake analysis and blood biochemistry measurements were performed on the subjects. The average ages of those in the osteopenia and normal groups were 22.2 yrs and 23.0 yrs, respectively, with no significant difference. The average body mass index (p<0.05) of those in the osteopenia group (19.6) was significantly lower than that of the normal group (21.3). The mean protein intake of those in the osteopenia group was significantly lower than that (p<0.05) the subjects in the normal group. The osteopenia group consumed a significantly lower amount of iron (p<0.05) and non-heme iron (p<0.05) compared to the normal group. The intakes of total food, vegetables and milk of those in the osteopenia group were significantly lower than those of the subjects in the normal group. The serum ferritin (p<0.001) level of those in the osteopenia group was significantly lower than those of the subjects in the normal group. In conclusion, a balance of iron status may be helpful in the prevention of bone mass loss in premenopausal young women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between nutrient intake and bone mineral density (BMD) of elderly women in Daegu, Korea. In this study, the bone mineral densities of 101 elderly women in Daegu were measured, and their nutrient intake, dietary habits, and maternal factors were determined through a survey. The subjects were divided into the normal group, the osteopenia group, and osteoporosis group to find out if there is a correlation between bone mineral density and maternal factors, dietary habits, and nutrient intake through their T-scores, analyzed according to the standards of WHO. Classification by T-scores of the participants were the normal group 25.7%, the osteopenia group 39.6%, the osteoporosis group 34.7%. Menopause age of the osteoporosis group was lower, postmenopausal period was longer, and last delivery age was significantly higher than the normal group (p<0.05). Osteoporosis group had a lower percentage of 'everyday' fruit and vegetable intakes and higher percentage of 'never' dairy intake than of the normal group. Vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$ intakes of participants in the osteoporosis group were lower than those in the normal group (p<0.05). In conclusion, nutritional education is necessary to encourage high intake of milk and vegetables and fruits along with calcium, vitamin A, $B_1$, and $B_1$ intakes and low intake of sodium for the prevention of elderly women's osteoporosis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2006

Pectin was enzymatically extracted from industrial lemon pomace by using an endo-polygalacturonase from Aspergillus niger as a processing aid and compared to pectin extraction by hot hydrochloric acid. The yield of pectin was 17.6 and 20.2% with enzymatic and acidic treatments, respectively. The molecular weight distribution did not vary greatly between the samples extracted with enzyme or acid. Large differences in charge density were observed, however, when the samples were analyzed by anionic-exchange chromatography. Pectin extracted by the enzymatic treatment indicated higher charge density than that obtained by hydrochloric acid. The higher charge density could due to the presence of endogenous lemon pectinesterase, which was activated at low pH 4.5 in situ conditions during the process of enzymatic extraction, leading to low methoxylated pectin with a higher charge density.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.571-575
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• 2018

The author made rice cookies using 100% rice and measured their density, spreadability, color, hardness, and fatty acid contents. The density was not significantly different between wheat cookies and the rice cookies made here; however, the density of dough tended to be higher in the rice cookies. Spreadability tended to be lower in rice cookies than wheat cookies. Regarding the color of rice cookies, L, indicating brightness, was found to be higher in rice cookies than in wheat cookies, and a, indicating redness, was found to be lower in rice cookies than in wheat cookies. B, indicating yellowness, was not significantly different between wheat cookies and rice cookies, and hardness tended to be lower in rice cookies. Regarding fatty acid contents, saturated fatty acids such as myristic acids, palmitic acids, and stearic acids were found in rice cookies; However, the contents of saturated fatty acids tended to be lower in rice cookies than in wheat cookies. The monounsaturated fatty acids found in rice cookies were mainly oleic acids, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids found in them were linoleic acid, and these were found more in rice cookies than in wheat cookies. Concerning essential fatty acids such as linoleic acids, linolenic acids, or arachidonic acids, they were found more in cookies made of rice powder than in those made of wheat powder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.292-298
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate physicochemical properties of extrudates combining 4 levels of squid (0, 3, 5 and 7%) with 3 levels of defatted soy flour (0, 5, and 10%). Blends were adjusted to moisture content of 27% and then extruded in a single-screw laboratory extruder at 170rpm screw speed and 16$0^{\circ}C$ barrel temperature. The extruded materials were dried at 6$0^{\circ}C$ for 8hr to a moisture content of 3~4% and refrigerated at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 12 hour before examination for textural properties, expansion ratio, bulk density, shear force and Hunter color. Expansion ratio of extrudates decreased as squid content increased whereas bulk density and shear force increased. Expansion ratio of extrudates was not significantly different by defatted soyflour level. Bulk density of products decreased as defatted soyflour content increased but shear force of products increased as defatted soyflour content increased. In scores of sensory hedonic evaluation of snacks, appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability values had lowered as squid level increased. Therefore, according to materials contents on extrudates increased, nutritional contents of this products increased and also shear force and bulk density in physical properties increased whereas expansion ratio decreased.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.526-534
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Opuntia ficus-indica complex (OF) on the lipid metabolism, bile acid in feces, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, aspatate aminotransferase (AST) activity, composition of urine and expression of cholesterol related mRNA in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into non-diabetic control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic OF of 2% (OF-2) and diabetic OF of 5% (OF-5), then each group was fed for 3 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were decreased significantly (p<0.05) in OF-5 group compared to DC, but high density lipoprotein (HDL) was not changed. AST and ALT were also reduced and bile acid excretion was improved. Composition of urine in OF-5 was almost same in NC. The expression of cholesterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA-R), Low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) mRNA indicated that feeding OF have the effects of cholesterol decreation in plasma by synthesis of bile acid from cholesterol. These results provide experimental evidence about improved lipid metabolism of the OF feeding in the STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.245-248
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• 2003

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the Ginseng radix in osteoporosis of the oophorectomized rats. In this experiment, the rats were oophorectomized and administered the water extracts of the Ginseng radix. The spinal bone mineral density, calcium, phosphorus and ash weight of the bones were measured. The spinal bone mineral density was significantly increased in the ovariectomized (OVX)-Ginseng radix group at 8 weeks as compared to the OVX-saline group. Furthermore, the calcium and phosphorus contents of the femoral and fibula-tibia were significantly increased in the OVX-Ginseng radix group as compared to the OVX-saline group. The ash weights of the femoral and fibula-tibial bones were increases in the OVX-Ginseng Radix group, although it was not statistically significant. On reviewing these experiments, it appears that the Ginseng radix possess efficacy for the prevention of osteoporosis. Further study would be of value to confirm the efficacy of the Ginseng radix for the treatment and/or prevention of osteoporosis in humans.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to evaluate antioxidative activities of substances isolated from marine resources against human low density lipoprotein (LDL). Methanol-water extract(80 : 20, v/v) of Sargassum ringgoldianum had the highest antioxidant activity and the active substance was purified by silica gel column chromatography by eluting chlorform : methanol mixture (80 : 20 v/v). The active fraction was seperated to several spots on the TLC in chlorofrom : methanol (10 : 1, v/v) mixture. Antioxidative activity of band 4 of fraction 2 on TLC was highest than that of $\alpha$-tocopherol against human LDL oxidation by the method of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). The band 4 of fraction 2 inhibited the copper mediated oxidation of human LDL with almost completely at 1 or 2 mg/ml.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.194-209
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: High levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are an important determinant of atherosclerotic lesion formation. The disruption of cholesterol efflux or reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in peripheral tissues and macrophages may promote atherogenesis. The aim of the current study was to examine whether bioactive ellagic acid, a functional food component, improved RCT functionality and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function in diet-induced atherogenesis of apolipoproteins E (apoE) knockout (KO) mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Wild type mice and apoE KO mice were fed a high-cholesterol Paigen diet for 10 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, and concomitantly received 10 mg/kg ellagic acid via gavage. RESULTS: Supplying ellagic acid enhanced induction of apoE and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G1 in oxidized LDL-exposed macrophages, facilitating cholesterol efflux associated with RCT. Oral administration of ellagic acid to apoE KO mice fed on Paigen diet improved hypercholesterolemia with reduced atherogenic index. This compound enhanced the expression of ABC transporters in peritoneal macrophages isolated from apoE KO mice fed on Paigen diet, indicating increased cholesterol efflux. Plasma levels of cholesterol ester transport protein and phospholipid transport protein involved in RCT were elevated in mice lack of apoE gene, which was substantially reduced by supplementing ellagic acid to Paigen diet-fed mice. In addition, ellagic acid attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation in apoE KO mice, evidenced by staining of hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O. Furthermore, the supplementation of 10 mg/kg ellagic acid favorably influenced the transcriptional levels of hepatic LDL receptor and scavenger receptor-B1 in Paigen diet-fed apoE KO mice. CONCLUSION: Ellagic acid may be an athero-protective dietary compound encumbering diet-induced atherogenesis though improving the RCT functionality.