• Title/Summary/Keyword: food density

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A Study on Improvement of Food Waste Statistics System Through a Sample Survey (음식물류폐기물 발생량 표본조사를 통한 통계체계 개선 방안에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Young Koo;Phae, Chae Gun;Ryu, Ji Young;Shin, Dae Yewn
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.105-118
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    • 2005
  • This study examined the improvements of existing food waste statistics system using a sample survey, which estimated the total food waste generation in 4 areas(High, Middle, Middle and Low, and Low population density), and a survey, which was aimed at forming a basis for modeling 112 local governments, were conducted. Currently, the methods for collecting the statistical data are summarized as five types. In high population density areas, the type based on examining the recycling facilities was found to be a more general way of estimating population centers higher than low population density areas. It was found that numerous low population density areas estimated their food waste production according to its generation per capita. It was also found that the findings of sample survey were 10%~40% higher than the existing statistical data and Non-separated collected food waste appears to be the main factor.

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Relationship of Initial Density, Biomass and Tuber Productivity of Scirpus planiculmis in the Nakdong River Estuary (낙동강 하구 새섬매자기 초기밀도, 생체량과 괴경량의 관계)

  • Yi, Yong Min;Yeo, Un Sang;Sung, Kijune
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 2013
  • Scirpus planiculmis dominated in Nakdong river estuary is known as food for birds visiting to Nakdong river estuary and plays an important role in material cycle and food web, while repeating growth and production, decomposition process in 1-year interval. Therefore, if it is able to predict effectively biomass or tuber production of Scirpus planiculmis which is food source for estuarine organisms or birds, it can provide very useful information on the Nakdong river estuary management. In this study, regression equation that can predict the tuber production, food for birds, was obtained using initial density of Scirpus planiculmis that can minimize the disturbance of ecosystem and is faster and easier. The correlation analysis results show that density, biomass and tuber production have liner relationship(p<0.001) with 0.6103~0.9950 of correlation coefficients. In addition, the regression equations have high coefficients of determination of 0.3696~0.7145 and it shows that it is able to predict biomass or tuber production while using the estimated regression equation obtained from relationship among the initial density, biomass and tuber production. The results of this study are expected to utilize effectively the management of estuary ecosystem such as management on food source for migratory birds visiting to Nakdong river estuary.

A Study of Factors Affecting Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adolescents: Anthropometric Measurements, Life Style, and Other Environmental Factors (청소년의 골밀도에 영향을 주는 요인에 관한 연구: 신체계측치, 생활습관 및 기타 환경요인)

  • Ahn Hae-Sun;Kim Sun-Hee;Lee Sang-Sun
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.242-250
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to assess the bone mineral density (BMD) and the anthropometric measurements, life style, and other environmental factors affecting BMD in Korean adolescents. Subjects were 167 high school students (83 male students, 84 female students) in Seoul. BMD was measured in the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), femoral trochanter (FT), and Ward's triangle (WT) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The questionnaire was used to assess the anthropometric measurements, life style, and other environmental factors. Bone mineral density of LS, FN, FT and WT were 0.967, 0.960, 0.795, $0.761 g/{\cal}cm^2$. The BMD of LS was not different by sex but the male students's BMD of FN, FT and WT were higher significantly than the female students (LS: 0.976 vs. 0.958, FN: 1.040 vs. 0.880, FT: 0.842 vs. 0.749, WT: 0.827 vs. $0.695 g/{\cal}cm^2$) Female students's BMD of LS, FN, WT, and FT was positively correlated with weight but male students's BMD of WT was not correlated with weight. The factors such as the life style, activity and exercise have significant influence on BMD. This study confirms that the major factor affecting BMD was body weight and the factors such as the life style, activity and exercise is related to accumulation of BMD. The classification of sexual characteristics is needed for further studies on BMD of adolescents.

Inhibitory Effects of Garlic Oil on Human Low Density Lipoprotein Oxidation

  • Yang, Seung-Taek
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.254-259
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    • 2011
  • Growing evidence indicates that oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) may promote atherogenesis. Therefore, inhibition of LDL oxidation may impede this process. The inhibitory effected on the susceptibility of human LDL to $Cu^{2+}$ or macrophages induced oxidation was investigated by monitoring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS). Organosulfur compounds of garlic oil contains diallyldisulfide, diallyltrisulfide, diallyltetrasulfide, and diallyl pentasulfide in order. Garlic oil inhibited LDL oxidation by $Cu^{2+}$, or macrophages in a dose dependently, with a 20~60 ${\mu}g$, as increased TBARS assay. Garlic oil, at 60 ${\mu}M$, almost completely inhibited macrophages induced increase in electrophoretic mobility of LDL. When compared with several other antioxidants, probucol showed highest ability, and then garlic oil showed a much higher ability than natural occurring antioxidants, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. The results suggested that garlic oil might play the inhibitory effects in the process of LDL oxidation.

A Study of Body Anthropometry and Dietary Factors Affecting Bone Mineral Density in Korean Pre- and Postmenopausal Women (우리나라 일부 폐경전.후 여성의 골밀도와 그에 영향을 미치는 체형 및 식이인자에 관한 연구)

  • 승정자;백수경;이행신;김미현;최선혜;이소연;이다홍
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.159-167
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    • 2001
  • The objective of this study is to examine the factors affecting bone mineral density in pre- and postmenopausal women. The subject were 30 Korean premenopausal women with mean ages of 33.6 years, and 30 Korean post menopausal women with mean ages of 63.3 years without diagnosed diseases. Data for food and nutrient intake were obtained by the24-hour recall method. BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Anthropometric measurement were made, and a blood sample was taken for assay osteocalcin. The results are summarized as follows: 16.67% of the subjects in the premenopausal women and 87.33% of the subjects in the postmenopausal women was less than the korean RDA level exceping phosphorus and vitamin C. In the premenopausal women, BMD of lumbar spine is correlated significantly with anthropometric measurement such as weight, waist circumference, BMI, and body fat mass BMD of femoral neck for the premenopausal women is correlated significantly with weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat mass, hip circumference, and BMDs of both site are negatively correlated with lean body mass, total body water, but they are not related with intake of nutrients in this study. In the postmenopausal women group, BMDs of both site are not significantly correlated with anthropometric measurement, but BMD of lumbar spine showed positive relation with intake of energy, protein, and carbohydrate. In conclusion, adequate nutrient intake, especially energy, protein have been suggested to prevent the loss of bone mineral density in the postmenopausal women. Also, adequate body weight and BMI have been suggested in the premenopausal women.

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Bone Mineral Density, with Anthropometric Measurement, and Maternal Factors for Postmenopausal Women in Chungnam (폐경 후 여성들의 골밀도와 신체 측정치 및 모성 요인과의 관련성 연구 -충남 일부 지역을 중심으로-)

  • Park, Mie-Ja
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.450-459
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    • 2007
  • This study was performed to assess the relationships between bone mineral density(BMD), anthropometric measurements, and maternal factors in postmenopausal women. The anthropometric measurements were taken by a trained practitioner, and the maternal factors of the 85 subjects in Chungnam were acquired by an interview questionaire. The BMDs of the lumbar $spines(L_2-L_4)$, femoral necks(FN), ward's triangles(WT), and trochanters(TR) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). The BMDs(T-score) for $L_2-L_4$, FN, and WT were 0.996 $g/cm^2$(-1.601), 0.697 $g/cm^2(-1.657)$, and 0.793 $g/cm^2(-1.512)$ respectively, which were assessed as osteopenia by the T-score ; TR was noma1 at 0.718 $g/cm^2(-0.675)$. The 85 subjects in Chungnam were divided into three groups according to their BMD measurements for $L_2-L_4$ and FN, assessed by the T-score. The percentages in the osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal groups were 32.9%, 42.4, and 24.7%, respectively. The average age was significantly the highest in the osteoporosis group than in the other two osteopenia and normal group(p<0.001). The subjects' BMDs were positively correlated with weight, height, BMI, waist, WHR, OBR and hip circumference, and negatively correlated with the age, duration time after menopause, lactation, the age of last delivery, menarche age, and number of children. The average age at menopause was 48.8. The osteoporosis group's average age at menopause was lower than those of the other groups. However, the BMD of the lumbar spine positively correlated with duration time after menopause and the BMD of the femoral neck with lactation, last delivery, menarch age, number of children. Therefore, researches are needed to find out the effective way to minimize the effect of age and other physiological conditions on the decrease of bone mass density.