• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to assess University students' consumption pattern of Korean rice cakes and to analyze the preference of Korean rice cakes by their demographic backgrounds. The results of this study will be useful information for systematic development and wide distribution of Korean rice cake as a traditional Korean food. A self completed survey of 392 University students in Seoul was undertaken and detailed information was collected. The survey questionnaire consisted of three parts including demographic backgrounds, student's consumption pattern and preference of Korean rice cakes by type. Approximately half of the students were male (52.6%) with the average age of 21.1 years old. Most of the respondents (92.3%) were from nuclear families. The consumption frequency rate showed that 38.8% students had Korean rice cake once or twice a month followed by once a week (29.8%), once per six months (21.7%), and once per two months (8.2%). Ingeolmi received the highest preference score (4.15), whereas Duteopteok had the lowest score (0.18). The correlation coefficient for paired samples between students' preference of Korean rice cake and their knowledge of them was 0.827, showing statistically strong positive correlation between them.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.116-125
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• 2001

This survey is carried out in order to understand the perception and eating pattern of chicken further processed product of the housewives in Korea. 894 questionnaires were used for analysis. Chicken is loved by all age groups of people, especially at home of young housewives and of high educational background. The reasons of purchasing chicken further processed products were \"Children(57.8%)\", \"Convenience(43.2%)\" and \"Taste(30.1%)\". The average purchasing frequency of chicken further processed products is \"Once a month\". The criteria for selection of chicken further processed product were \"Hygiene(64.9%)\", \"Expiration date(58.4%)\", \"Brand(25.4%)\", \"Taste(21.9%)\" and \"Price(19.0%)\". Housewives depend on the \"Brand\" in selection of chicken further processed products as the educational background improves. The shopping place of purchasing chicken further processed product were \"Discount store(43.1%)\", Department store(27.4%)\" and so on. The pattern of consumption \"Buy chicken further processed products and cook at home(5.9%)\" was still very low. \"Order for delivery(57.4%)\" increased rapidly for chicken consumption. The housewives suggest to produce chicken further processed products \"Hygienically(16.7%)\", \"Improve taste(12.2%)\" and \"Restrict food additives(11.9%)\" among 311 responses.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2005

This study was conducted to find the gender and age differences in dietary behaviors and food consumption pattern of Korean American adults living in western parts of USA. The structured survey forms and self-administered food frequency questionnaire were used to assess dietary behavior and nutrient intakes. It was found that younger subjects kept their meal time more irregularly and skipped breakfast more often than older subjects due to lack of time. There were significant age differences in skipping meals, kind of skipping meals, and the reasons for skipping meals. Young subjects consumed more American type food while older subjects consumed more traditional Korean food. Nutrient intakes of males' except for the elderly were significantly higher in energy, protein, Fe and P than those of females'. Vitamin A and vitamin C intake were significantly higher in females. Energy ratio of carbohydrate: protein: fat was 56.2 : 16.8 : 27.0. Females consumed more plant food as their dietary sources of protein, fat, Ca and Fe, compared to males. Ca intakes of participants' were below $75\%$ of RDA except for the youngest male and $30\~49$ aged male and females. Futhermore, Ca intake was below $70\%$ after age 50 in both genders. Effective nutrition education program targeting Korean Americans in the community should be developed and implemented to increase Ca consumption.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.505-510
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was conducted to find out the housewives cognition and consumption pattern of Korean rice cake. The subject were 315 housewives lived in mainly the capital region(Seoul and Kyonggi-do). A survey questionnaire consisted of three parts including demographic backgrounds, cognition and consumption pattern of Korean Rice Cake. The results obtained would be summarized as follows; 1. Almost all of the housewives(95.9%) were cognized that Korean rice cake is a traditional food, but their cognition of the Korean rice cake as a important food in present dietary life(habits) was very low(22.5%). 2. Almost all of the housewives(94.0%) were cognized that Korean rice cake is a nutritional food and most of them(75.0%) were answered that there are below 50 kinds of Korean rice cake. 3. Although they could make themselves the Korean rice cake(75.9%), didn't make it at home and they were answered(59.4%) for the reason that the recipe for the Korean rice cake is hard. 4. The results of purchasing frequency rate showed that 62.2% of housewives were purchased one to two months and they were purchased most frequently on the birth day followed by a memorial sacrifice day, a festival day, visit and invitation of quest. 5. 98.4% of respondents were answered that the taste of Korean rice cake is good and 96.5% of them were cognized that its price is expensive. 6. The most preferred kinds of Korean rice cakes showed that Red bean Sirudock, Baekseolgi, Injeolmi, Songpyeon, Yaksik etc.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.245-253
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• 1998

In this study, the food cost for the urban worker's living expenses was estimated for the Korea Labor Union. The urban workers living expenses are minimum of healthy and decency level expenses with allowances for minimum quality of life. Thus, the food cost should be enough for purchasing proper kinds and amount of foods which can supply sufficient nutrient to maintain health and which should reflect current food consumption patterns. To estimate the food cost, the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances was used to calculate the amount of nutrients which should be supplied. The National nutrition survey and the Food balance sheet, were used to estimate the current consumption patterns for the kind and amount of food. To estimate price for each food item, the market survey was executed in six large cities. Also, to verify the estimated food cost, actual food costs were surveyed. For 5 kinds of model household, dietary allowances were calculated for the each nutrient. Using the Korean food guides, the number of serving for each food group were decided for the model households. In each food group, the amount and kind of foods were decided by the current food consumption pattern. The kind and amount of food were adjusted by the amount of calculated nutrient. When the amount of nutrient was between 90% and 110% of the recommended dietary intake, it was accepted. With these amount and kinds of foods, the food cost were calculated using the market survey. Considering extra expenses for the eating-out and processed foods, extra expenses are added. As a results, for single person family, the estimated food cost was 149,210won per month. For two, three, four and five person family, the estimated food costs were 245,179won, 381,182won, 501,669won and 687,980won per month, respectively. The estimated food cost were lower in the single and two person family than the actual food cost by the survey. The cost for eating-out gave major differences. In the future, to estimate food cost, the food consumption patterns for the different kind of household, sex and age should be studied carefully. Also, the pattern of eating-out should by analyzed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2015

본 연구는 만 15~19세 남자 고등학생 902명을 대상으로 식행동, 간식 섭취, 식환경, 생활 습관에 대해 설문 조사를 실시하였고, 비만 판정을 위해 신장과 체중을 측정하여 식행동 패턴에 따른 간식 섭취 및 기타 요인과 비만과의 연관성을 분석하였다. 1) 청소년 식생활 지침의 항목을 이용하여 식행동을 평가한 결과 대상자들은 3가지 패턴으로 분류되었다. 식생활과 생활 습관 모두 건강한 패턴과 식생활과 생활 습관 면에서 건강한 요소와 비건강한 요소가 혼재되어있는 혼합 패턴, 그리고 마지막으로 식생활과 생활 습관이 전반적으로 바람직하지 않은 비건강 패턴이었다. 2) 각 패턴 별로 간식 섭취가 차이를 보였는데, 건강한 패턴은 과일, 우유, 호상요구르트의 섭취 빈도가 높았고, 혼합 패턴은 과일이나 호상요구르트 섭취 빈도가 높은 반면 라면, 아이스크림, 탄산음료, 사탕 섭취 빈도도 같이 높았으며, 비건강 패턴은 과일, 우유, 호상요구르트의 섭취 빈도가 다른 두 패턴에 비해 가장 낮은 반면 라면, 단 간식, 탄산음료 등의 간식 섭취 빈도는 가장 높았다. 3) 식환경을 포함한 생활 습관 요인도 패턴마다 상이했는데, 가정 내 식품 비치율은 각 식품 섭취 빈도와 유사하게 건강한 패턴과 혼합 패턴의 가정 내 과일 비치율이 비건강 패턴에 비해 높았다. 또한 혼합 패턴이 건강기능성 식품이나 식이 보충제 복용 비율이 가장 높았고, 비건강 패턴은 식사 속도, 수면 시간은 짧고 스크린 시간이 하루 2시간 이상인 비율이 가장 높았다. 4) 패턴 별 비만과의 연관성은 건강한 패턴을 기준으로 하였을 때, 혼합 패턴의 교차비는 1.11이었으나 유의하지 않았고, 비건강 패턴의 교차비는 1.88로 유의적이었다. 이상의 결과로부터 청소년의 식행동 패턴에 따라 간식 섭취 뿐 아니라 식습관, 생활 습관 요인이 차이를 보였으며 이러한 요인들이 비만과의 연관성에도 영향을 주었다. 식행동은 식품 섭취나 생활 습관 요인들과 서로 상호작용을 하므로 앞으로 청소년 비만 예방 및 관리를 위한 전략으로 적절한 영양 교육과 함께 식행동과 생활 습관을 함께 개선해 나갈 수 있는 방안을 모색하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the preferred types and consumption patterns of food away from home by socio-demographic factors including cohort groups, sex. and consumption patterns consisting of 6 types. Data were collected from 412 respondents by questionnaire method in April through May 2002. Regression results indicate that sex, age, family income, family type and size as well as the consumption patterns were significant in explaining the determinants of food away from home expenditures. Four logit function (each for Korean, American, Japanese, and bunsik) results showed that each type of food away from home was likely to vary depending on socio-demographic factors (i.e., cohort groups and sex) and the consumption patterns (i.e., convenience and simple, distinction and variety, tradition oriented, foreign design, health and quality oriented, sensible taste and mood). Similarities and differences in food away from home types are discussed, and future implications for food and nutrition specialists as well as food industrial marketers are provided.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.140-151
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the consumption patterns of convenience food at convenience stores, dietary habits, and perception as well as knowledge of food additives among university students. Methods: Subjects were 352 university students in Cheongju, Korea, and data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. They were divided into three groups according to the frequency of consumption of convenience food at convenience stores: 79 rare (${\leq}1$ time/month), 89 moderate (2-4 times/month) and 184 frequent (${\geq}2$ times/week). Results: More subjects from the frequent consumption group lived apart from parents (p<0.001) and possessed more pocket money (p<0.01). Frequent consumption group consumed noodles, Kimbab, and sandwich & burger significantly more often (p<0.001, respectively) than others. In addition, frequent consumption of convenience foods at convenience stores was associated with frequent breakfast skipping (p<0.05), irregular meal time (p<0.01), snacking (p<0.05), and eating late night meal (p<0.001). More from the rare consumption group had heard about food additives previously compared to the frequent consumption group (79.7% vs. 63.6%, p<0.01). Frequent consumption group showed significantly higher score than did the rare consumption group for the following questions: monosodium glutamate is harmful to your health (p<0.05), food additives are necessary for food manufacturing (p<0.005), food additives need to be labeled on products (p<0.05), there is no food additive at all if labeled as no preservatives, no coloring, and no added sugar (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in degrees of choosing products with less food additives depending on the consumption pattern. Conclusions: Our results provided a better understanding of the factors associated with frequent consumption of convenience foods at convenience stores among university students and will be useful to develop a nutrition education program for those who are more prone to consume convenience foods.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.369-378
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• 1997

The consumption frequency, preference, purchasing behavior and satisfaction degree for bean sprout were surveyed from the housewives living in Seoul and Kyungki-do area. Most of the subjects (84.3%) took bean sprout less than 4 times per 21 meals. Major reasons for the rare consumption were the poor safety, habitual, and long cooking time, in deceasing order. Packed bean sprout was purchased more in Kyungki-do but unpacked was preferred in Seoul. While the major reason for purchasing unpacked bean sprout was the cheap price (57.8%), that for the packed was the safety (82.00). The most unsatisfactory factor for packed bean sprout was the high price, however, unlabelled additives were the primary concern for the unpacked. The satisfaction degree for the quality was higher in packed bean sprout compared with the unpacked. The most unsatisfactory factor for the quality of both packed and unpacked bean sprout was the overall acceptability, followed by texture, taste, and color.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.231-247
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• 1986

Age specific characteristics in Korean diet and their changes were analyzed with the demand model including the number of family members by age group as independent vasiables Urban household budget data, 773 household data in 1977 and 947 household data in 1983, was applied to the demand model. A series of F-test was carried out to set up the age groups by food item. The main results can be summarized as follows; 1. Food consumption patterns are remarkably different between 0-13 years old age generation and over 40 years old generation. The 0-13 years old generation reveals higher preference for milk, wheat product, fruit and milk and lower preference for rice and vegetable than any other age generation. This characteristics of the childhood diet has been formed In the generation born after 1970's and thus will be reserved as their generational characteristics. On the other hand, over 40 years old age group prefers rice and fish to fruit, milk and wheat product. Therefore we can conclude that over 40 years old age group maintains the traditional Korean diet pattern. 2. The preference for fish is low. in 20-30 years old age group than in any other age group and wheat product is Preferred highest in 6-13 years old age group of all age groups. Meanwhile the most remarkable change In food consumption pattern is shown in meats and vegetables. Namely in 30 40 years old age group the preference for meat has increased substantially and that vegetable has decreased to a great extent. 3. The declining per capita consumption of rice spreads like a wave to higher age. groups, but over 40 years old age group bas played an important role in reducing the decreasing rate of rice consumption. In order to restrain the declining rice consumption a special integrated food policy is required to induce rice consumption in less 30 years old generation.