• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.509-518
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• 2011

This study was intended to investigate dietary behavior, health related behavior and the effects of nutrient intake of female college students. Dietary behavior, health related behavior and the perception of the body conditions were surveyed with anonymous questionnaires, and 24hrs recall method for nutrient intake was obtained from 161 female college students in Chungbuk area. The mean height and weight of the subjects were $161.4{\pm}5.0$cm and $53.8{\pm}7.4 $kg, respectively. The dietary behavior of female college students was generally inadequate. More specifically, irregularity of meals, indifference of dietary balance, and skipping breakfast, showing $4.77{\pm}2.20$for dietary behavior score, $11.76{\pm}3.89$ for DVS and $3.58{\pm}0.82$ for DDS, respectively. It was found that almost 63% of subjects did not anything for health care and the frequency of exercise of subjects was low. The perception of body conditions of the subjects seemed to be generally positive. However, satisfaction levels on body shape was very negative showing that only 12.4% of subjects answered as 'very satisfied' and 'satisfied'. When nutrient intake of the female college students was compared with Dietary Reference Intake for Korean, folate(45%), potassium(55%), vitamin C(59%), Ca(72%), fiber(72%), Fe(79%) and energy(80%) were found to be insufficient. But protein(138%), P(122%) and Na(179%) were found to be oversupplied. The nutrient intake of fiber, plant Ca, vitamin A, ${\beta}$-carotene, vitamin B6, vitamin C, folate and vitamin E were significantly higher, and those of Fe, Zn and protein were a little high in the high score group of dietary behavior. Also Food group intake, DDS and DVS were higher in the high score group of dietary behavior.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.242-251
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine disparities in food and nutrient intakes based on family types identified among 1,856 participants who were the Korean elderly people in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) excluding those who were currently practicing the diet therapy. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We separated the subjects into two groups: living alone (LA, n = 638) and living with a spouse (LS, n = 1,218). We also examined the disparities of dietary quantity and quality of those two groups using complex sampling design general linear regression analyses (CS GLM). RESULTS: In the LA group, there was a higher percentage of females and average age in LA group was higher than the participants in the LS group. Household income and education level were significantly lower in LA compared to those of LS. The frequencies of skipping meals were higher in LA. LA's food and nutrient intakes showed lower consumption of vegetables, fruits, seaweeds, and of most nutrients. Even after adjusting for the confounding factors, the consumption of vegetables, seaweeds, carbohydrates, potassium, riboflavin, and vitamin C showed lower in LA than LS. Moreover, LA's nutrient intake ratios compared to the KDRIs were lower which turned out to be similar to their nutrient intakes. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that dietary behavior and food intake of the elderly are associated with family types. Frequently skipping meals and less dietary variety are more common with elderly persons who were living alone. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the supplementary food programs and nutrition education programs for the elderly living alone.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.493-502
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• 2009

This study aimed to examine the relationship between nutrient intake and attention deficit hyperactivity (ADH) of children suffering atopic dermatitis. We examined clinical symptoms as well as the status of ADH and the dietary intake of 47 children with atopic dermatitis aged between 4 and 6 against 84 children in the control group. Family history of the atopic dermatitis group was significantly higher than the control group. There was no significant difference between the diet habit of the two groups. The daily energy intake of the atopic dermatitis group and the control group were 1,189.7 kcal and 1245.0 kcal, respectively. There was no significant difference between the nutrient intake of the two groups. In regards to the clinical symptom items, the point for 'anxieties' was 0.5 in the atopic dermatitis group, which was significantly higher than 0.3 of the control group (p<0.05). In terms of the detailed items in ADH assessed by kindergarten teachers, the point for 'changeable feeling' was 0.8 in the atopic dermatitis group, which was significantly higher than 0.5 of the control group (p<0.05). As for the correlation among nutrient intake, the ADH score and clinical symptoms, total fat intake (p<0.05) and animal fat intake (p<0.05) showed a significantly negative correlation with the point of ADH assessed by the teachers, while the intake of fiber (p<0.05) displayed a significantly negative correlation with the point of ADH assessed by the parents. Since atopic dermatitis and ADH may be caused by the same dietary factors, it will be necessary to conduct more studies in this field in the future. In addition, appropriate nutrition management will be necessary for children in the growing period who suffer from atopic dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.705-713
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• 2007

The influence of food habits on nutrient intake and anthropometric measurements of elementary school students was studied from November 2005 to July 2006. 160 elementary school students in the Gyeongnam area were individually interviewed to obtain 24-hour dietary recalls of two seasons (winter and summer). During each period, three interviews were done for 3 nonconsecutive days including two weekdays and one weekend day. The food habits were estimated by questionnaire. The food habit score was $21.5{\pm}2.7$ out of a maximum of 30. The nutrient intake of children was low in calcium and vitamin A. Except for that, most other nutrients were overconsumed. The nutrient intakes consumed in winter were significantly higher than those of summer. Comparing the anthropometric measurements between the summer and the winter periods, height was significantly higher in the summer than in the winter. However, body fat ratio was significantly higher in the winter than in the summer. There was a significant positive correlation between the scores of food habits and the vitamins and minerals intakes of the summer period. However, the relationship was much weaker between the food habits and those consumed in winter. In addition, the scores of food habits were significantly negatively correlated with most of the anthropometric measurements of both periods. In conclusion, the students' food habits may reflect the intakes of vitamins and minerals of only the previous few months, however they reflect the BMI of children for a period of more than 6 months.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2007

This study was performed to describe the perceptions of the family mealtime environment in preadolescents, and to determine the frequency of family meals and whether the mealtime environment is associated with nutrient intake. Surveys and 24-hour dietary recalls were completed by 197 children, ages 11 to 12, in elementary schools in the Incheon area. We assessed family meal frequency and the perceptions of the family meal environment with respect to priority, atmosphere, and family mealtime structure. The subject response frequencies and correlations among perceptions of the family mealtime environment, as well as the frequency of family meals and nutrient intake, were analyzed. Having a greater priority for family meals was associated with an increased frequency of family mealtimes. An enjoyable family meal environment was positively correlated with increases in nutrient intake. From the results of this study, we suggest that consideration be placed on opportunities to design nutrition promotion strategies that target families and their children, with respect to promoting family mealtimes and overcoming the barriers to having family meals.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.598-607
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to develop a software system for computer nutrition counseling based on food intake and level of exercise measurements. Various software programs were developed using Powerbuilder 5.0 and categorized according to their function: 1) inputting general data including age, sex, weight, height, degree of acitivity and exercise amount of individuals, 2) inputting food intake based upon a 24-hour dietary recall method, 3) calculating energy and general nutrient intake and evaluating dietary status with respect to the Korean recommended dietary allowances, 4) calculating dietary intake of fatty acids, 5) calculating PUFA : MUFA : SFA and $\omega$6 :$\omega$3 ratios, 6) reporting the results of nutrient analysis, and 7) assessing the nutritional status of individuals and practicing nutrition education. This study provides various information on the assessment of nutritional status.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.495-506
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• 2014

This study was conducted to measure the effect of a community-based nutritional intervention program on dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes of low-income elderly women in Korea. The subject of the study was a group of 88 elderly women using the free meal service in Dong-gu, Gwangju city in Korea. The study was carried out from April to July 2009, and the pretest, application of nutrition education, and post-test were applied in each stage. This community-based nutrition intervention program consisted of snack supplement and nutrition education provided three times a week and 36 times in total. The nutrition education was led by the nutritionists and professionals using various educational media. Snack supplement included were milk, soymilk, carrot juice, bread, yogurt, and bananas. The result of pretest showed that the nutrient intakes of the subjects were much below the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) level of Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans. Comparison of the dietary behavior score and nutrient intakes before and after the nutritional intervention program indicated that the food behavior score increased from 3.1 to 5.6 (P<0.001) and intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, thiamin, niacin, vitamin C, iron, and potassium of the subjects all increased significantly (P<0.05). Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) of their nutrient intakes was also improved from 0.53 to 0.64 (P<0.01). These results indicated that the nutrition intervention program conducted in this study was effective in improving dietary behavior and nutrient intakes of elderly women in local community.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.539-546
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Women's bone health status is closely related with environmental factors and lifestyle factors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dietary risks of osteoporosis and osteopenia for Korean postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The data from 1,433 subjects from the 2010 KNHANES were used and divided into three groups: normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis group using bone mineral density (BMD). Nutrient intakes and food intake frequency were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the odds ratios for osteoporosis and osteopenia. RESULTS: The RNI percentage of each nutrient and food intake frequency from 12 food groups decreased as bone mineral density status deteriorated. Risk for osteoporosis of low calcium (Ca) intake, under the EAR, showed an odds ratio of 2.13(95% CI; 1.26-3.61, P < 0.05). Higher intake frequency showed preventive effect from osteoporosis compared to lower intake frequency in such food group as dairy products (ORs 0.40, CI 0.21-0.75), beans (ORs 0.49, CI 0.29-0.83), seaweeds (ORs 0.55, CI 0.32-0.94), fish (ORs 0.56, CI 0.32-0.98), and fruits (ORs 0.42, CI 0.23-0.79) after adjusting for age. CONCLUSION: To prevent osteoporosis in later life, sufficient Ca intake and more frequent intakes of foods containing Ca such as dairy products, beans, fish, seaweeds, and fruits, which help in Ca absorption, should be stressed for Korean postmenopausal women.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

As an indicator of skin health, acidified skin surface pH ranging from 5 to 7 is crucial for maintaining skin barrier. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between skin pH and dietary pattern (DP) as well as nutrient or food intake in 48 healthy middle aged adults. Skin pH was measured in the skin surface of the inner arm, and blood lipid profile was analyzed. Dietary intake data were obtained using 1 day 24 hour recall method, and DP was extracted using factor analysis. Results revealed that skin pH ranged from 5.15 to 6.88 in all subjects. There was no significant difference in skin pH between males and females. When subjects were grouped by tertile of skin pH, the food intake of fruit, and the nutrient intake of omega 6 fatty acid, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene, and riboflavin in the first tertile group with skin pH ranging from 5.15 to 5.68 were significantly higher than in the third tertile group with skin pH ranging from 6.26 to 6.88. There was no difference in blood lipid profile between the first and the third tertile group. Among 5 DP extracted by factor analysis, DP5 characterized by a high intake of nuts and fruits as well as a low intake of beverages and alcohol was inversely correlated with skin pH after adjusting for gender and age. DP5 was positively correlated with nutrient intake of carbohydrate, fiber, potassium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene, thiamine, and riboflavin but negatively correlated with sodium after adjusting for gender, age, smoking, and energy intake. Therefore, acidified skin pH could be maintained by these DP and nutrients.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.587-597
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• 2006

This study was performed in order to identify nutritional factors affecting on skin sebum content with 131 female university undergraduates in 2003. We measured the sebum contents of 4 facial spots to classify their skin types. Daily energy and nutrient intakes of the subjects were not deficient except in calcium and iron, which were 466.2 mg (66.6% RDA) and 8.5 mg (53.4% RDA) relatively. We observed no significant difference of energy and nutrient intakes among the 3 skin types. But significantly higher consumption of grains and slightly higher frequencies of several food groups (excepting starches) were shown in oily skin types, so they might have higher nutrient intakes. Serum indices and food preferences mostly revealed no difference among the 3 skin types. But in the oily skin type, serum phosphorus levels were significantly lower than others, suggesting phosphorus-rich food consumption like soft drinks and pains could lead to a dry skin type rather than an oily one. Also in the oily skin type, sweet taste preference was slightly tower than others; more-over, sweet intake was lower samely significantly. There was mostly no significant relationship between facial sebum contents and nutrient intakes, dietary behavior, food frequency and food preference except in some factors. Animal protein intake showed a significant negative relationship toward facial sebum content. On the other hand, in normal skin type, Fishes consumed was slightly higher than others, so that higher animal protein consumption presumably leads to normal skin type. Frequency of fried food and bacon and preference of fried foods showed slightly negative relationships toward facial sebum content. Regular meal times showed significantly increased facial sebum content.