• Title/Summary/Keyword: font size

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What are Legible Korean Font Sizes within In-Vehicle Information Systems?

  • Kim, Huhn;Park, Soo-Hyun
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.397-406
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    • 2012
  • Objective: The aim of this study is to determine legible Korean font sizes within in-vehicle information systems(IVISs) in diving conditions. Background: Font legibility within IVISs is one of important causes on its' safe operations during driving. Several researches proposed some guidelines on the legible English font sizes within IVISs. On the contrary, appropriate Korean font sizes have been hardly known in spite of the typological differences between English and Korean. Therefore, more systematic researches for improving the legibility on Korean font size within IVISs have been required. Method: In this study, an experiment was performed with the following experimental factors: the existence of vibration, the color contrasts(white on black, black on white), the font types(HDR, CubeR, Gothic), and the font sizes(6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24pt). To fit the experimental conditions into real driving environments, the illuminance was controlled to 15lx by using LED lamp and the distance between IVIS and participants was kept to 70cm. Moreover, all participants took the shutter glasses for employing well-known occlusion techniques. Results: The experimental results showed that 'HDR' and 'Non-vibration + Black on white' group took the shortest response time, and decreasing slopes of the response time with increasing font sizes were slowing down at 14pt then flattened out at 22pt regardless of the existence of vibration and color contrasts. Conclusion: The minimum size for legible Korean font would be about 14pt(5.47mm) and the optimum size would be about 22pt(8.59mm). Application: The guideline on the Korean font sizes from this study will be applied to design an IVIS in the future.

The Effect of Text Information Frame Ratio and Font Size on the Text Readability of Circle Smartwatch

  • Park, Seungtaek;Park, Jaekyu;Choe, Jaeho;Jung, Eui S.
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.499-513
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    • 2014
  • Objective: The objective of this study was to examine frame ratio of text information and font size in the circle smartwatch. Background: Recently, electronic manufacturers try to develop the original metaphor of traditional wrist watch (circle) in terms of smartwatch. They endeavor to break the square display in order to improve emotional customer satisfaction. Method: The experiments examined twenty level of text information design, combinations of four frame ratios (1:1, 4:3, 16:9, 21:9) and five font sizes (6pt, 7pt, 8pt, 9pt, 10pt). Nineteen participants volunteered for the experiment. Dependent variables were WPM (Words per Minute), reading preference, design preference and total preference. Furthermore, small circle display was made by using circle display data (1.3inch), which was exhibited in IFA (International Funkausstellung) 2014. Results: As a result, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) revealed that WPM, and task time preference affect the specific frame ratio and font size. Results of ANOVA for reading preference, design preference, total preference were grouped by post-analysis LSD (Least Significant Difference). Among users, display ratio (16:9, 21:9), and font size (9pt) were preferred. In conclusion, 16:9 display ratio and 9pt are adaptable for text information in 1.3inch circle display. Conclusion: From the study, it is shown that 16:9 display ratio and 9pt size are more adaptable for text information in 1.3inch circle display than others. It is mainly due to the fact that the order of frame ratio and font size may affect the usability of reading long text information in a small circle display. Therefore, when developers design a circle display, the square frame ratio and font size are required to be considered according to circle size. Application: The 16:9 display ratio and 9pt font size may be utilized as a text information frame in the circle display design guideline for smartwatch.

텔레매틱스 단말기 GUI의 설계에 관한 연구 -Menu Type, Structure, Font Size에 관하여- (A Study of Graphic User Interface at the Telematics Display on Driving)

  • 홍화현;박범
    • 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국HCI학회 2006년도 학술대회 1부
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    • pp.599-607
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    • 2006
  • 텔레매틱스 정보단말기는 가독성, 시인성, 주행 안전성의 사용성과 HMI(Human Machine Interface)를 고려하여 설계해야 한다. 텔레매틱스 정보단말기 GUI을 구성하는 요소로 Menu Type, Menu Structure, Font Size 등이 있다. 그러나 한글이라는 지역적 특성에 대한 연구가 미흡한 상태이다. 따라서 본 연구에서 국내 운전자를 대상으로 텔레매틱스 정보단말기 GUI Factor에 대해 국내의 환경에 맞는 설계를 도출하였다. 피험자는 총 30명(남자 24명과 여자6명)을 대상으로 가상 주행 시스템을 이용한 시뮬레이션 환경에 Task를 수행하도록 하여 실험을 하였다. 분석은 ANOVA, 다원배치법, T-test, Font 일반식 대입을 통해 이루어졌다. Menu Type은 가로세로 2*3 배열의 형태와 버튼간 간격을 주행안전성 및 시인성에서 고려하여 설계해야 한다. Menu Structure는 3Depth가 3Frame 보다 주행안전성 및 시인성이 5%유의수준에서 더 우수하다고 나타났다. 운전자 안구 거리에 따른 Font Size를 도출하는 일반식은 어두운 글자인 경우 0.0069radian * d = Font Size 가 되고, 밝은 글자인 경우 0.0075radian * d = Font Size 가 된다. 위와 같이 본 연구는 GUI 세가지 항목에 대하여 국내 운전자의 사용성과 텔레매틱스 정보단말기 간의 인터페이스를 고려하여 기존의 시스템에 대하여 에러를 줄이고, 수행능력을 향상 시켜 주었다.

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PDA의 정보 표시부에 표시되는 문자 크기와 생리적 부담 (A Research on the User's Cognitive Stress According To Font Size displaying on PDA.)

  • 권오재
    • 감성과학
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.321-332
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구에서는 휴대용 정보 단말기(Personal Digital Assistant : PDA)의 정보 표시부에 표시되는 문자정보를 읽을 때, 문자의 크기가 사용자의 인지적 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 평가는 주관적 평가법(주관평가)과 생리적 평가법(뇌파측정)을 행하여 결과를 도출하였으며, 분석 및 고찰은 문자정보를 읽을 때 나타나는 사용자의 인지적 스트레스와 문자크기와의 관계성에 주목하였다. 분석의 결과, 다음과 같은 2개의 결론이 얻어졌다. 1) 표시한 문자크기(8point, 10point, 12point, 14point, 16point) 중에서 상대적으로 읽기 쉽고, 인지적 스트레스가 적다고 생각되어지는 문자크기는 14point이며, 상대적으로 읽기 어렵고, 인지적 스트레스가 많다고 생각되어지는 문자크기는 7point로 나타났다 2) 문자정보의 인지에 대한 대뇌피질의 반응은, 뇌의 후두엽과 두정엽의 후두시각연합영역을 활성화시켰다. 또, 문자정보에 대한 시각성 인지는 문자크기가 14point보다 작은 경우에, 대뇌피질의 활성수준을 향상시키는 것으로 나타나, 휴대용 정보기기에 있어서 문자크기가 14point보다 작으면 작을수록 인지적 스트레스에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 생각되어진다.

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휴대용 전자기기에 표시하는 문자크기와 유저의 인지적스트레스 (A Research on the User's Cognitive Stress According To Font Size displaying on Mobile Electronics)

  • 권오재
    • 디자인학연구
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.249-258
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    • 2002
  • 본 연구에서는 PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) 기기의 정보 표시부에 표시되는 문장을 읽을 때, 문자의 크기가 유저의 인지적 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 평가는 주관적 평가법(주관평가)과 생리적 평가법(뇌파측정)을 행하여 결과를 도출하였으며, 분석 및 고찰은 문자정보를 읽을 때 나타나는 유저의 인지적 스트레스와 문자크기와의 관계성에 주목하였다. 분석의 결과, 다음과 같은 2개의 결론이 얻어졌다. 1)표시한 문자크기(8 point, 10 point, 12 point, 14 point, 16 point) 중에서 상대적으로 읽기 쉽고, 인지적 스트레스가 적다고 생각되어지는 문자크기는 14 point이며, 상대적으로 읽기 어렵고, 인지적 스트레스가 많다고 생각되어지는 문자크기는 8 point로 나타났다. 2)문자정보의 인지에 대한 대뇌피질의 반응은, 뇌의 후 두엽과 두정엽의 후두시각연합영역을 활성화시켰다. 또, 문자정보에 대한 시각성 인지는 문자크기가 14 point 보다 작은 경우에, 대뇌피질의 활성수준을 향상시키는 것으로 나타나, 휴대용 정보기기에 있어서 문자크기가 작을수록 인지적 스트레스에 영향을 미치고 있는 것이라 생각되어진다.

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VDT 화면에서 한글의 글자크기와 서체에 따른 탐색속도와 오류율에 관한 실험적 연구 (An experimental study on search speed and error rate according to Korean letter size and font on search task with VDT)

  • 황우상;이동춘;이상도;이진호
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.29-38
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    • 1997
  • The research on the factors which effect on legibility is mainly utilized as the basic data of selecting the standard guideline of VDT screen. But the research on Korean is scarcer than that of English. Furthermore, it is unreasonable to apply the results of the foreign language to Korean, beause of the difference between the typography of English and that of Korean. Therefore, more systematic and ergonomic research of the Korean typography on VDT screen is needed. In this paper, an experimental study on search speed and error rate is designed and performed according to different Korean letter size and font on search task with VDT. The experimental screen based on popular Ming and Gothic style is made up of total 12 artificial screens, each 6 different font size. As the criteria of the performance, searching speed(s.s.) and error rate (e) are selected, and CFF value is measured to evaluate user's visual fatigue. The results of experiment in font show that the Korean Gothic style is superior to the Korean Ming style in user's visual performance. The letter size that gives user the optimal performance ranges from the visual angle 39.8' to 55.5' in Ming style, from the visual angle 39.8' to 52.6' in Gothic systle. In visual fatigue experiment, the better performance of letter size is, the less tired user feels. And the smaller letter size is, the more tired user feels. There is no relationship between font and user's visual fatigue.

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METAFONT를 이용한 구조적 한글 폰트 생성기 (Structured Korean Font Generator Using METAFONT)

  • 권경재;손민주;최재영;정근호
    • 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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    • 제22권9호
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    • pp.449-454
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    • 2016
  • 한글의 자소들은 몇 가지의 획으로 구성되어 있고, 완전한 글자들은 자소들의 조합으로 구성되어 있다. 획과 자소들을 조합하는 과정에서 그 구성들의 크기나 위치가 변화할 수 있으므로 폰트를 제작하는데 많은 노력이 필요하다. 이와 달리 METAFONT는 매개변수 값을 변경하면서 획과 자소의 크기와 위치를 쉽게 변환할 수 있는 시스템을 제공하여 폰트 제작 과정에 효율성을 높일 수 있다. 본 논문은 METAFONT를 기반으로 사용자가 매개변수를 수정하여 다양한 폰트를 자동으로 생성할 수 있는 구조적 한글 폰트 생성기를 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 한글 폰트 생성기는 폰트 임베딩 분야와 폰트 편집기 분야에 적용할 수 있다.

Relative importance of factors affecting text reading time and preference(II) : Focusing on non-square form letter

  • Yi, Joon-Suk;Jin, Young-Sun;Park, Min;Lee, Jong-Hyoung
    • 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국감성과학회 2000년도 춘계 학술대회 및 국제 감성공학 심포지움 논문집 Proceeding of the 2000 Spring Conference of KOSES and International Sensibility Ergonomics Symposium
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    • pp.380-384
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    • 2000
  • Effectiveness of information conveyance in reading is affected by several factors such as line length, letter size, line spacing arrangement as well as typeface itself. This study examined relative importance of these factors by asking people to read the texts that was constituted with non-square form letter and rank the preference of texts through conjoint analysis. In the case of reading time, justification was the most important factor, followed by leading, line spacing, letter width, line length, font size, font type in their order of importance. And in the case of preference decision, letter width was the most important factor, followed by font size, justification, line spacing, leading, line length, font type. The result will be useful in understanding how to consider human preference in the hangul typography.

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The Effect of Hangul Font on Reading Speed in the Computer Environment

  • Kim, Sunkyoung;Lee, Ko Eun;Lee, Hye-Won
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제32권5호
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    • pp.449-457
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    • 2013
  • Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Hangul font on reading speed when texts are displayed on the computer screen. Background: Reading performance is influenced by fonts. However, there are few studies of Hangul font from a cognitive perspective. Fonts could affect reading performance directly and indirectly, interacting with other visual-perceptual factors such as size, word spacing, and line spacing. Method: In experiment 1, two variables were manipulated; a frame condition(square frame non-square frame) and a stroke condition(serif sans-serif). According to each condition, one of the four fonts was applied to the texts. The height of the four fonts was controlled. The participants were asked to read aloud the presented texts. In experiment 2, the non-square frame fonts were adjusted to have approximately the same size, width, letter spacing, and word spacing as the square frame fonts. The experimental design and task used in experiment 2 were identical with experiment 1. Results: In general, reading speed was faster in the square frame fonts than in the non-square frame fonts. The reading speed was not significantly different across stroke conditions. Conclusion: The frame of Hangul font significantly influenced reading speed. These results suggest that the type of Hangul font is a factor to affect reading performance. Application: The frame of fonts should be considered in designing of new fonts. The square frame fonts should be the preferred choice to enhance legibility.

광삼효과를 이용한 흑백 대비에서의 여러 글자크기에 대한 주관적 평가와 분석 (Subjective Assessments and Analyses of Letter Sizes Under Black and White Contrasts for Various Font Sizes Through the Irradiation-effect)

  • 공용구;김대민;손성태;한준구
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.107-112
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    • 2010
  • Irradiation is a phenomenon that causes white objects on a black background to appear to spread into near dark backgrounds, but the reverse is not. In this study, the effects of font size and thickness of letters on the legibility were investigated in combinations of black letters/white background as well as white letters/black background. Ten subjects who had been no disease of eyes and their eyesight is over 1.0 were recruited and tested subjective assessments of letter sizes for various font sizes (2pt to 80pt) and thickness of letters (normal, bold) under 600lux illumination and 50cm-distance of eyes and target letters for this study. Ming-style font type which was generally used in text of books, papers, and journals were tested in this study. Results showed that generally people subjectively assessed the white letters on black background (W/B) were larger sizes of letters than the black letters on white background (B/W) even both letter sizes were the same in both normal and bold thickness of letters. This phenomenon was happened in case of only over 22 font size (with border line about 22~24pts). Less than 22 font sizes, many people reported that both letters (W/B and B/W) are looks the same sizes in normal as well as bold letters. These findings were interpreted also by the irradiation phenomenon and more detail information was presented in this manuscript.