• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1248-1255
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• 2020

Objective: To analyze long-term follow-up sonographic findings of intrathyroidal thymus in children. Materials and Methods: Among 1259 patients with congenital hypothyroidism under 15 years of age who underwent thyroid ultrasonography (US), 41 patients were diagnosed with an intrathyroidal thymus based on US criteria, i.e., hypoechoic solid lesion with punctate and linear echogenicity. In 26 patients aged one to 14 years old, the last follow-up US was performed after 6 to 132 months and compared with the initial US. The lesion was considered to decrease in size if there was a change of more than 2 mm in any dimension. The margin change was divided into well-defined and indistinct, blurred. When the echogenicity changed to a hyperechoic from a characteristic thymic echogenicity pattern, the pattern was considered a hyperechogenic. The changes in size were compared with the changes in shape, margin, and echogenicity pattern. The changes in size, shape, margin, and echogenicity were analyzed the association with the age of last follow-up. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-squared test and logistic regression. Results: Fifteen (57.7%) cases were stable in size, and 11 (42.3%) decreased in size, including one that disappeared. Ten (38.5%) cases changed to indistinct margins from initially well-defined margins including one case of initially indistinct margin. Six (23.1%) changed to hyperechogenic, from initially characteristic thymic echogenicity patterns. When follow-up change was compared, decreases in size were significantly associated with lesion changes to indistinct margins (p = 0.004). The age at last follow-up was significantly associated with change to hyperechogenicity (odd ratio, 2.141; 95% confidence interval, 1.144-4.010, p = 0.017). Conclusion: On follow-up US, an intrathyroidal thymus may be decreased in size, with indistinct margins, or show changes to a hyperechoic mass. Decreases in size may be associated with changing to indistinct margins, and changes to hyperechogenicity may be associated with increasing age.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.27.1-27.10
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• 2021

This study describes 6 cases of endodontic overfilling with successful clinical outcomes during long-term (up to 35 years) radiographic follow-up. Successful endodontic treatment depends on proper shaping, disinfection, and obturation of root canals. Filling materials should completely fill the root canal space without exceeding the anatomical apex. Overfilling may occur when the filling material extrudes into the periapical tissues beyond the apex. The present case series describes 6 root canal treatments in which overfilling of root canal sealer and gutta-percha accidentally occurred. Patients' teeth were periodically checked with periapical radiographs in order to evaluate the outcomes during long-term follow-up. All cases showed healing and progressive resorption of the extruded materials in the periapex. The present cases showed that if a 3-dimensional seal was present at the apical level, overfilling did not negatively affect the long-term outcomes of root canal treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.420-426
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate skeletal and soft tissue changes that occur after using a facemask for treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion, and to assess the relapse pattern when no retention appliance was used. Fifteen skeletal class III malocclusion patients were treated with a facemask for an average of 12 months. No retention appliance was used during the 1 year follow-up period. Cephalograms were taken during pretreatment, posttreatment, and the 1 year follow-up. Cephalograms were traced, analyzed, and the results were compared between cephalograms. All patients showed significant sagittal skeletal changes after treatment, but they also showed a significant relapse during the 1 year follow-up period when no retention appliance was used. Despite the relapse, the sagittal skeletal changes that remained were still significant. Vertical skeletal change was also significant after treatment, but the total change was not significant after a 1 year follow-up due to relapse. In soft tissue changes, facial convexity and upper lip position improved after treatment and this change remained significant after the 1 year follow-up period. Facemask therapy is therefore an effective method for treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion, however, retention is imperative to maintain the treatment effect.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.975-1000
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• 2014

This study is a case study about the status of science gifted follow-up management systems for nation-level institutes for gifted and talented education. The aim of the study is to develop the theoretical model that establishes the basis of follow-up management systems for scientifically gifted to support in order to grow the beneficiaries of nation- level scientifically gifted education into globally competitive talented. Specifically, this study says the components of the systematic and efficient structure for nation-level gifted follow-up management. For this, we collect the experts' opinions on gifted education for follow-up management of the beneficiaries on national level science gifted, and gifted and talented education institutions conducted the case study for follow-up management. The collecting of experts' opinion have participated 11 persons, and 6 institutes were involved in the case study of follow-up management institutes. As a result, it reports for scientifically gifted follow-up management systems to be made by forming of the upper systems and each lower systems. Resources system was found to be composed of human information system and education information system. Operating system was found to be composed of input system, analysis system, and management system. Application system was found to be composed of prediction system, verification system and improvement system.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 2017

Background Lipedema is a condition consisting of painful bilateral increases in subcutaneous fat and interstitial fluid in the limbs with secondary lymphedema and fibrosis during later stages. Combined decongestive therapy (CDT) is the standard of care in most countries. Since the introduction of tumescent technique, liposuction has been used as a surgical treatment option. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of liposuction used as treatment for lipedema. Methods Twenty-five patients who received 72 liposuction procedures for the treatment of lipedema completed a standardized questionnaire. Lipedema-associated complaints and the need for CDT were assessed for the preoperative period and during 2 separate postoperative follow-ups using a visual analog scale and a composite CDT score. The mean follow-up times for the first postoperative follow-up and the second postoperative follow-up were 16 months and 37 months, respectively. Results Patients showed significant reductions in spontaneous pain, sensitivity to pressure, feeling of tension, bruising, cosmetic impairment, and general impairment to quality of life from the preoperative period to the first postoperative follow-up, and these results remained consistent until the second postoperative follow-up. A comparison of the preoperative period to the last postoperative follow-up, after 4 patients without full preoperative CDT were excluded from the analysis, indicated that the need for CDT was reduced significantly. An analysis of the different stages of the disease also indicated that better and more sustainable results could be achieved if patients were treated in earlier stages. Conclusions Liposuction is effective in the treatment of lipedema and leads to an improvement in quality of life and a decrease in the need for conservative therapy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1129-1142
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• 2004

Purpose: This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of asystemic follow-up care program on health promotion and risk reduction in 64 high-risk infants(HRI) including premature infants and their mothers. Method: The intervention consisted of systemic NICU education, tele-counseling and 3 home visits in 6 months. The subjects were divided into either the intervention group or the control group receiving the conventional NICU education without the tele-counseling and home visiting. Infant health promotion was measured using physical assessment, types of health problems, reflexes, OPD visiting history, DDST, immunization, feeding assessment, Infant death rate, etc. Maternal self-esteem, postpartum depression and family function were measured using the maternal self-report inventory(MRI), EPDS, and family apgar score(Fapgar), retrospectively. Result: All premature infants in the intervention group were in the normal range of growth and development, and the regular vaccination schedule. The health problems in the intervention group were addressed early so not to develop into adverse effects. The follow-up program for 6 months showed beneficial effects on MRI, EPDS, and Fapgar. Conclusion: A systemic follow-up health care program is beneficial on health promotion and risk reduction in 64 HRI including premature infants and their mothers.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.269-280
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• 2003

This study was conducted to identify the effects of telephone consulting follow- up on self care behaviors and self efficacy in diabetic patients after discharge. The subjects for this study were consisted of 39 patients and twenty subjects assigned to the experimental group received the telephone consulting follow-up after discharge once a week during 4 weeks with diabetic education before discharge and nineteen subjects assigned to the control group received diabetic education before discharge without telephone consulting follow-up. The results of this study are as follows： 1. The experimental group which received the telephone consulting had higher self care behaviors scores than the control group (t＝4.92, p＝.00). 2. The experimental group which received the telephone consulting had higher self efficacy scores than the control group (t＝4.71, p＝.00). 3. The relationship between self efficacy and self care behaviors showed a significant correlation in the subjects. In conclusion, the telephone consulting follow-up improved self care behaviors and self efficacy, therefore this intervention can be effective in promoting the care of diabetic patients

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 1993

The study was conducted with 27 health mangers working in manufacturing industries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the health manager's employment status, health examination, and it's follow. up health management level(about the industrial type). The results are as follows: 1. Characteristics of Manufacturing Industries: The ratio of nurse to employees is 1 : 552.6 and the percentage of physician employed was 51.9% All of the physicians were part time except one. 2. Health Examination and Follow Up ; 1) Periodic screening examinations were provided to 92.39% of the employees. Of these 11.56% required a detailed examination. Follow up on routine cases were done for 51.69%. Follow up on intensive cases were done 13.97%. 2) 62% of all employees working in hazardous conditions(noise, artificial light 74.1%) are required to receive a special health examination bi annually. Of these 96.66% were examined. 11.24% of these employees required a detailed follow up examination. 3. Relevancy between health management level, industrial type, and health manager's status 1) Health clinic operated separately except one case. Nursing activity level :. health diagnosis(0.27) Occupational condition (0.97) Health education(0.81) Health assessment(0.74) Health education level is higher at the industries working in environmental technician(P=0.017). The other's significance is not shown by any type of the staff.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2014

Background: This study assesses influences of baseline psychological risk factors on prevalence of low back pain (LBP) at baseline and follow-up among nurses. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was performed at two phases, baseline and 1-year follow-up among 246 nurses of university hospitals in Shahroud, Iran. A standardized Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability questionnaire was used for data collection. Logistic regression was performed for analysis. Results: At the baseline of the study, 58.9% of nurses reported back pain in the previous 12 months. Age (p = 0.001), belief that work causes pain (p = 0.022), and somatization tendency (p = 0.002) significantly increased risk of LBP. At 1-year follow-up, prevalence of LBP was 45.7% and expectation of back pain at baseline (p = 0.016) significantly increased risk of LBP in this phase (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Results indicate that risk factors for prevalence of back pain at baseline and 1-year follow-up are different. At baseline, the risk factors are age, belief that work causes pain, and somatization tendency, and at follow-up, expectation of pain is the major risk factor.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of follow-up support in the adolescent smoking cessation program. In this study, a model for an effective adolescent anti-smoking program, which includes follow-up support, is based on the method of cognitive-behavioral therapy. The study lasted for 7 weeks, while information on smoking including materials to be analyzed, were provided to the subjects. Meanwhile, the state of the smokers was studied while consultations on anti-smoking was also carried out in the 7th week. At first, the quantity of cigarettes smoked between groups made no difference, but there was an obvious difference in the rate of people who stopped smoking and in the quantity of cigarettes smoked between group I(managed for 7 weeks) ,group II (managed for only 4 weeks) and group III (not managed at all after anti-smoking class). According to the results of the study, we can conclude that the follow-up support plays a big role not only in raising the rate of success in the level of reformed smokers, but also in lowering the quantity of cigarettes smoked.