• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 1986

It is now common practice to attempt ovarian hyperstimulation in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) to promote the development of multiple preovulatory follicles and to maximize the number of mature egg available. There are several drugs for hyperstimulation such as clomiphene citrate only, clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and HMG only. Accumlated experience has shown that the hyperstimulation of the ovary in IVF-ET results in high pregnancy rate. But the hyperstimulation of the ovary in IVF-ET may cause the hyperandrogenism, so we must consider the adverse effect on pregnancy rate of the hyperandrogenism. Little is known about the functional significance of androgen for the follicular growth, however, the hyperandrogenism might interfere with oocyte maturation. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the serum profiles of estradiol, androstenedione and testosterone during the hyperstimulated menstrual cycles in IVF. The results were summarized as follows: 1. There was a gradual increase in the mean levels of serum estradiol, androstenedione, and testosterone approaching follicular maturation. 2. The mean serum estradiol levels in the hyperstimulated groups were significantly higher than that in the control group in late follicular phase and ovum retrieval (ovulation) day (p<0.01). 3. The mean serum androstenedione levels in the clomiphene citrate groups were significantly higher than that in the control group in late follicular phase (p<0.01). There was no statistically significant different in the mean serum androstenedione levels between the control group and the HMG group (p>0.05). 4. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean levels of testosterone among each group (p>0.05). 5. There was no statistically significant different in the mean levels of estradiol, androstenedione and testosterone between the fertilized patients and non-fertilized patients in clomiphene citrate and HMG group (p>0.05).

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.174-178
• /
• 2010

경기도 포천시 내천면과 여주군 북내면에서 발견된 우리나라 장미과 내의 미기록 종인 Sorbaria kirilowii (Regel & Tiling) Maxim.을 확인하여 보고하고자 한다. 본 종은 근연분류군인 쉬땅나무(Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun var. stellipila Maxim.)에 비해서 잎과 화경에 털이 없고, 원추화서는 넓게 퍼져 아래로 처지며, 꽃은 5-8mm로 작고, 꽃받침은 반원형, 둔두이며, 수술의 수가 적고, 비교적 짧으며, 골돌은 작고 털이 없다는 점에서 구별된다. 국명은 꽃과 열매의 크기가 쉬땅나무에 비해 작은 특징을 고려하여 '좀쉬땅나무'로 명명하였다.

• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.505-513
• /
• 1995

P-lement의 germ line transformation을 이용하여 초파리 난소에서의 세포특이적 유전자발현 양상을 조사하였다. 표지유전자인 lacZ의 발현양상은 생식세포, 체세포, 두 종류의 세포에서 모두 발현되는 경우로 대별되며, 생식세포에서 lacZ의 발현은 조세포 또는 조세포와 난자에서 동시적으로 발현되는 경우로 구분되었다. 난자주변 난포세포에서의 lacZ 발현은 난자형성 9-10기 난포의 경우 모든 세포에서 균일하게 발현되거나 일부 세포에서만 발현되는 양상으로 구분되었다. 일부의 난포세포에서 발현되는 경우 난자와 조세포 경계의 난포세포에서 발현되는 경우, 이들을 제외한 난포세포에서 발현되는 경우로 구분되었다. 난자주위의 난포세포에서 난자의 전후축을 따른 구배현상도 관찰되었다. 극세포 또는 경계세포에서 발현되는 3개의 독립라인을 분리하였다. 독립된 EDL의 난소에서 나타난 lacZ의 발현양상은 초파리 난자형성에 관여하는 유전자의 시간과 공간적인 발현을 반영하며 이들 유전자 분리의 기초를 제공할 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.195-201
• /
• 2011

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in tissue development and re-modeling. Dynamic morphological changes of tooth germs reflect involvement of these enzymes during odontogenesis. The present study was performed to investigate expression and localization of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which have been known to have type IV collagenase activities, in rat tooth germs at different developmental stages. MMP-2 expression was increased gradually in the tooth germs from cap to crown staged germs at both transcription and translation levels. The localization of this molecule was detected in secretory ameloblasts and preameloblasts. The strong immunoreactivities were occasionally seen along the basement membrane between ameloblasts (or preameloblasts) and odontoblasts (preodontoblasts). However, weak reactivity was detected in odontoblasts and reduced enamel epithelium. The level of MMP-9 expression in the tooth germs was higher in cap stage than in crown staged germs at both transcription and translation levels. They were strongly expressed in both ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Even though reduced enamel epithelium after enamel formation and inner enamel epithelium at the cap stage exhibited weak reactivity, strong reactivity was detected in dental follicles and perifollicular tissues surrounding cap staged germs. These results suggested that MMP-2 may involve degradation of the basement membrane during hard tissue formation, whereas MMP-9 might be involved in remodeling of follicular tissues.

• 치과방사선
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.165-174
• /
• 1996

The authors diagnosed a 33 years old female as benign lymphoepithelial lesion after undergoing clinical, radiological and histopathological examinations and the characteristics were as follows : 1. Clinically, the patient complained of painless bilateral swelling of the parotid glands and dryness of the palate. Rheumatoid factor was detected in her serum. 2. Sialograms showed punctate or globular collections of contrast media distributed evenly throughout the parotid glands in so-called 'cherry blossom' or 'leafless fruit-laden tree' appearance. 3. A salivary gland scan showed no uptake of radioisotopes by the parotid glands. 4. At Tl-weighted imaging of PNS MRI, the lesions had the same signal intensity as the rest of the gland. At TI-weighted imaging, the lesions could be seen as high signal intensity 1.3 cm and 2.1 cm in diameter in the left and the right parotid gland respectively. 5. Ultrasonogram showed sonolucent lesions 20×15mm and 17×14mm in size in the lower part of the left parotid gland and another 18×11mm in size in the lower part of the parotid gland as well as many other small sonolucent lesions. 6. Histopathologically, lymphocytic infiltration replacing the normal acini and lymphoid follicles containing germinal centers could be seen. Epimyoepithelial islands were scattered throughout the lesion and benign lymphoepithelial cysts were also observed.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.285-296
• /
• 1994

Follicular oocytes were released from the graafian follicles of ovaries from 3-4 weeks old mice. The spontaenous maturation of these follicular oocyes was inhibited by the treatment of dbcAMP and progesterone and these oocytes were cultured for 2-8hr in the Modified Hank's balanced salt solution(MHBS). Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid(EDTA) and calmoudulin antagonist, trifluoperazine (TFP) were treated to the culture medium in order to investigate whether these chemical agents inhibit calcium uptake into the oocyte and oocyte maturation. $^{45}Ca^{2+}$, 10-${\mu}$Ci/ml was added to the culture medium during the culture period. $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the oocytes was examined whether and when various kind of oocyte maturation inhibiting agents inhibit or stimulate the influx of calcium into oocytes. Dibutyryl cAMP and progesterone decrease $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the oocytes and synergistic inhibiting effect of dbcAMP and progesterone was prominent at much lower dosages. Calcium uptake into oocytes seems to be higher during first 2 hour culture period rather than next 4hr culture. After 8hr culture, calcium uptake level of the oocytes which GVBD already took place gradually approached to the level of those which were maintained at GV by the treatment of dbcAMP and progesterone. However, $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the GV maintained oocytes did not change at all even after 8hr culture period. In addition, calcium chelating agent, EDTA inhibited calcium uptake into oocytes as well as nuclear maturation of oocytes. Lower dosage used in the present study did not inhibit calcium uptake as well as oocyte maturation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.299-307
• /
• 2003

Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the mobile transposon-like element, clone MTi7 (MTi7) expression in the mouse ovary and to determine its role(s) in the mouse oocytes by RNA interference (RNAi). Methods: MTi7 mRNA expression was localized by in situ hybridization in day5 and adult ovaries. Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) was prepared for c-mos, a gene with known function as control, and the MTi7. Each dsRNA was microinjected into the germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes then oocyte maturation and intracellular changes were evaluated. Results: In situ hybridization analysis revealed that MTi7 mRNA localized to the oocyte cytoplasm from primordial to preovulatory follicles. After dsRNA injection, we found 43-54% GV arrest of microinjected GV oocytes with 68%-90% decrease in targeted c-mos or MTi7 mRNA. Conclusions: This is the first report of the oocyte-specific expression of the MTi7 mRNA. From results of RNAi for MTi7, we concluded that the MTi7 is involved in the germinal vesicle breakdown in GV oocytes, and MTi7 may be implicated with c-mos for its function. We report here that RNAi provides an outstanding approach to study the function of a gene with unknown functions.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2005

Purpose : This study is to examine what are the effects of the Guisinhwan(GSH) on the ovulation and ovary in rats. Methods : 4weeks Female Sprague-Dawley 12 rats of weighting 160-l80g, were divided into three groups including the GSH oral administration(4ml/kg) groups(4heads) and GSH oral administration(8ml/kg)　groups(4heads). Then we observed changes in the serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and estradiol($E_2$) and the histological changes of ovary and the immunohistochemical staining for progesterone receptor in ovary of rats. Results : 1. GSH didn't make a difference as compared with control group in serum FSH level. 2. GSH didn't make a difference as compared with control group in serum LH level. 3. GSH significantly increased serum $E_2$ level. 4. GSH significantly increased ovulation in histological observations of ovary. 5. GSH tended to decrease immunohistochemical staining score (ISS) of atretic follicles in immunohistochemical staining for progesterone receptor in ovary. Conclusion : GSH influences ovary to increase the ovulation of rats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.250-255
• /
• 2011

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Nerve growth factor (NGF) may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. In this study, we investigated the effect of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) on the ovarian morphology and NGF expression in an estradiol valerate (EV)-induced rat model. Polycystic ovaries were induced by a single intramuscular injection of estadiol valerate (4 mg, dissolved in sesame oil) in adult cycling rats. KRGE was administered orally (200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 60 consecutive days, beginning 60 days after the induction. Ovarian morphology was almost normalized and NGF was normalized in the EV+KRGE group. KRGE lowered the high numbers of antral follicles and increased the number of corpora lutea in the polycystic ovaries. The results are consistent with a beneficial effect of KRGE in the treatment of PCOS.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2004

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) plays an important role in the disease pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, a disorder of pilosebaceous follicles, seen primarily in the adolescent age group. In the present study, the presence of antibodies against P. acnes (MTCC1951) were detected in acne patient (n=50) and disease free controls (n=25) using dot-ELISA and Western blot assay. The ability of P. acnes to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), obtained from acne patients and healthy subjects, were also analysed. The patients (n=26) who were culture positive for skin swab culture, were found to have a more advanced disease and higher antibody titres (1:4000 to >1:16000) compared to the P. acnes negative patients (n=24) and normal controls (n=25). An analysis of patients' sera by western blot assay recognized a number of antigenic components of P. acnes, rang-ing from 29 to 205 kDa. The major reactive component was an approximately 96 kDa polypeptide, which was recognised in 92％ (24 of 26) of the patients sera. Further, the P. acnes culture supernatant, crude cell lysate and heat killed P. acnes whole cells, obtained from 72-h incubation culture, were observed to be able to induce significant amounts of IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) by the PBMCs in both the healthy subjects and patients, as analysed by cytokine-ELISA. The levels of cytokines were significantly higher in the patients than the healthy subjects. A major 96 kDa polypep-tide reactant was eluted from the gel and was found to cause dose dependent stimulation of the pro-ductions of IL-8 and TNF-${\alpha}$. Thus, the above results suggest that both humoral and pro-inflammatory responses play major roles in the pathogenesis of acne.