• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2012

When papers each made with sea-algae pulp 1%, 5% and soft, hard wood pulp were aged for 12days. Paper made with soft wood pulp is 30% loss of folding endurance, made with hard wood pulp is 50% loss of folding endurance. On the other, papers each made with 9% sea-algae pulp and soft, hard wood pulp were 18% loss of folding endurance. In the aging test of paper made with different freeness paper made with 300ml CSF, is more effective than 400ml CSF, 500ml CSF.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1995

Several characteristic results of physical and optical properties of paper treated by UV light were obtained in the previous papers(Kim et al. 1988). In this paper, folding endurance and brightness of paper prepared by spraying photostabilizer were examined in order to elucidate photodegradation phenomena, UV light absorber and radical scavenger were most effective in preventing of folding endurance decrease. These results may be indicated that depolymerization of cellulose and hemicellulose chains leading to degradation of paper mechanical properties mainly caused by radical reaction. Ineffective hydroperoxide decomposer may be explained because of auto-oxidation reactions before forming stable compound from hydroperoxide.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.689-700
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• 2021

본 연구는 수초지의 한지에 있어서도 다양한 평량에 맞는 기본적인 내절도 측정조건이 요구됨에 따라 내절도 범위 부합과 측정시간 단축을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상으로 평량 17 g/m², 30 g/m², 45 g/m²에 해당하는 외발초지 6종과 쌍발초지 6종, 평량 75 g/m² 복사지 1종 등 총 13종을 선정하고 발촉방향(LD), 발끈방향(CD)으로 각 24매씩 준비하였다. 연구방법으로 종이-내절 강도 시험에 따라 4연식 MIT 내절도 측정기를 이용하여 하중별(14.72 N, 9.81 N, 4.91 N) 내절도 실험과 시편폭별(15 mm, 10 mm, 5 mm) 내절도 실험을 순차 수행하였다. 연구결과, 평량 17 g/m²~45 g/m² 범위의 한지에 대하여 하중 4.91 N 조건과 시편폭 15 mm, 10 mm 조건이 내절도 기준범위인 10~10000회에 부합하였으며, 특히 시편폭 10 mm에 하중 4.91 N 조건이 내절도의 범위 축소와 측정시간 단축이 가능하였다. 또한, 평균값 기준 하중별 내절도 추세선과 시편폭별 내절도 추세선의 감소기울기를 통해 하중 범위, 시편폭 범위 내의 내절도 예측이 가능해졌다. 하중 4.91 N, 시편폭 15 mm 조건에서도 비교군의 내절도가 35~17723회로 기준범위 10~10000회를 크게 상회하므로 내절도 기준범위 부합과 측정시간 단축을 고려하여 하중 4.91 N, 시편폭 10 mm의 내절도 측정조건을 제안한다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2011

유연성 기판 상의 동박의 반복 굽힘 변형에 따른 절곡 빛 굴곡 신뢰성과 인장 특성과의 관계를 규명하기 위해 4종류의 동박 시편의 절곡 신뢰성 실험, 굴곡 선뢰성 실험과 인장 실험을 실시하였다. 절곡 신뢰성 실험은 동박에 5.3%의 굽힘 변형률을, 굴독 선뢰성 실험은 동박에 2.0%의 굽힘 변형률을 반복적으로 인가하면서 전기 저항 변화를 관찰하고 피로 수명을 평가하였다. 또한, 4가지 시편의 인장 실험을 통해 탄성 계수, 항복 강도, 연장 강도, 인성 등의 재료 물성을 구한 결과, 연성과 인성이 우수한 시편의 경우 절곡 및 굴곡 신뢰성이 크게 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 탄성 계수, 항복 강도의 경우 절곡 및 굴곡 신뢰성과 큰 연관성을 보이지 않았다. 이는 절곡 및 굴곡 변형에 의한 금속의 피로 파괴 거동은 재료의 파괴 인성과 밀접한 관계를 가지기 때문으로 판단된다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권21호
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• pp.145-175
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• 2000

To examine the method for preservation of papers, 9 kinds of papers were purchased and pretreated for 6 months with various artificial conditions which were controlled as 3 temperature classes($20^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $-20^{\circ}C$&$20^{\circ}C$) and 4 humidity classes(40%, 60%, 80%, 100%).Whiteness, acidity and folding endurance were measured to examine the state of papers pretreated under each condition. From the resultexamining the state, all the papers were best condition at low temperature($20^{\circ}C$) and low humidity(40%) and damaged at high temperature($80^{\circ}C$) and high humidity(100%).The values of whiteness, acidity, and folding endurance were measure din relation with deterioration of papers. According to damage of papers caused by the chemical agent, papers became to be acidic, increased color difference and reduced the force of folding endurance. The effect of change of temperature($-20^{\circ}C$&$20^{\circ}C$) on degradation of papers was not well acquired. Because the period of investigation was not long enough to acquire the data. So the more studies are needed to find the cause of damage of papers.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2013

Printing papers published in between 1950's and 1990's were treated with three methods such as distilled water washing, $CaCO_3$ solution washing and methyl cellulose solution coating for improving their conservational properties. Accelerated aging with $80^{\circ}C$ and 80% RH for 14 days was applied to the testing papers. Results showed that distilled water and $CaCO_3$ washing kept increased pH even after accelerated aging, but did not improve folding endurances for 1950's-60's papers. Methyl cellulose treatment did not increased pH of the old papers, but increased folding endurances remarkably for 1950's-60's papers even after accelerated aging. It suggests that methyl cellulose treatment after $CaCO_3$ washing should give improvements both in pH and folding endurance.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2010

The properties of paper are very susceptible to moisture content originated from relative humidity. This propensity of PVA impregnated paper was investigated in this study. Especially the hardening effect of borax treatment after PVA impregnation on the response of paper sample to the relative humidity was evaluated. When the moisture content was increased with the relative humidity, tensile stretch and tear resistance were increased while tensile strength and stiffness were decreased. A great increase in folding endurance of PVA impregnated paper sample was found at the higher relative humidity. The borax treatment could reduce the response of PVA impregated paper to the relative humidity.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2012

The effects of sulfur dioxide on paper were investigated since these sulfur compounds could cause damages on cellulose and organic materials in papers. For the reason, exposure ageing tests were performed on traditional Korean paper (Hanji) and two different types of modern paper (acid-free and acid paper) to determine the damage with regard to the optical as well as physicochemical properties according to the varying $SO_2$ concentration. As a result, optical properties were not changed while physical and chemical peoperties were remarkably changed with the exposure period. In the case of pH, $SO_2$ had little impact on the pH of the Hanji and acid-free paper while the pH of acid paper was remarkably decreased. The decrease of the folding endurance of the Hanji was relatively smaller than those of the acid-free and acid paper. The results prove Hanji was more resistant to $SO_2$ than the modern paper in terms of optical, physical and chemical properties. In addition, it was also suggested that $SO_2$ concentration should be kept below 0.01 ppm for the preservation of paper objects.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2012

Currently a variety of efforts to conserve and restore the injured the Annal of the Joseon Dynasty are continued and many studies about the aging pathway of the beeswax-treated volume have being progressed. In this study, two chambers were set up to assess the influence of VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds) generated in process of beeswax deterioration. One chamber was closed and the other was continuously ventilated in order to remove the VOCs. In results, the acid compounds of beeswax-treated Hanjis aged in closed chamber was more than that aged in ventilated chamber. The folding endurance of beeswax-treated Hanjis aged in closed chamber was lower than that aged in ventilated chamber. Accumulated acid compounds of beeswax-treated Hanji in closed chamber may cause accelerated aging and strength decrease. In conclusion, accumulated acid compounds can accelerate the aging of beeswax-treated Hanji and cause the severe deterioration of inside of beeswax-treated volume. Therefore, to preserve more safely beeswax-treated volumes of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, it is essential that VOCs emitted from beeswax-treated volume are ventilated.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Hanji has been used mainly for preservation paper because of superior mechanical properties. However, it was not used in printing for inkjet and laser printer-printed letters. In this study, machine-made Hanji was prepared with five different contents of paper mulberry 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% and managed by same pressure calendering. By increasing of paper mulberry contents, tearing index and folding endurance of machine-made Hanji increased because of increased fiber-to-fiber bonding. Printability property of machine-made Hanji improved by decreasing of paper mulberry contents. After 20 hours accelerated aging, the initial folding endurance of machine-made Hanji was reduced by approximately one-fourth degree. Between 40 and 100% contents of paper mulberry was showed similar levels about preservation property. The machine-made Hanji of paper mulberry 60% content was suitable for permanence and printability properties using preservation paper and printer-printed letters.