• 영어어문교육
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.59-80
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• 2010

The present study investigated what kind of form-focused instruction would yield better results for incidental learning of English verb patterns in two experiments. Experiment 1 compared the effectiveness of focus on form (reading + translation) and focus on forms (verb pattern list + translation) tasks in learning new English verb patterns incidentally in Korean EFL college classrooms. The results of Experiment 1 showed significantly higher results for the focus on forms group. Since it was revealed by Experiment 1 that the learners did not notice unknown target verb patterns, Experiment 2 was undertaken to examine whether the difference between the focus on form and focus on forms conditions found in Experiment 1 would be retained even after the isolated form-focused instruction or focus on forms aiming at teaching students how to recognize verb patterns was provided for the learners before the focus on form and focus on forms tasks were carried out. The results showed that the focus on form group yielded significantly higher incidental learning scores than the focus on forms group. The effectiveness rates of the focus on form in Experiment 2 were statistically higher than those of the focus on forms in Experiment 1. The results of the two experiments indicated that the combination of the isolated form-focused instruction and focus on form was significantly more effective in learning English verb patterns incidentally. In conclusion, form-focused instruction including both isolated form-focused instruction and focus on form is an effective way to incidental learning of English verb patterns.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-98
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• 2005

The purpose of the study is to investigate whether focus-on-form instruction is effective in promoting accuracy in writing and to make some suggestions regarding education in business English writing. For this purpose, an experiment, of which the participants were 29 college sophomores taking a course in business English, was made. The learners received instruction in the English nouns followed by modificatory phrases or clauses through the focus-on-form techniques, feedback and explicit explanation. The results were as follows: First, the learners who received focus-on-form instruction improved accuracy in writing. Second, there was a correlation between the learners' English proficiency levels and the effects of focus-on-form instruction. Third, the high level learners showed more positive attitude toward focus-on-form instruction than the low level ones. To promote accuracy in written business communication, the following suggestions were made on the basis of the results: First, focus-on-form instruction should be incorporated into a content-based business English class. Second, repeated focus-on-form instruction is needed. Third, learners' English proficiency levels should be taken into account when focus-on-form instruction is given.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.435-443
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 형태초점교수법이 학습자의 언어형태에 관한 지식 향상에 미치는 영향을 조사하고, 학습자들이 그 형태에 관한 지식을 출력활동인 글쓰기에 어떻게 활용하는지를 살펴보는 것이다. 연구참여자들은 122명의 대학생들로 3개의 집단 즉 입력강화집단 35명, 출력강화집단 41명, 대조집단 46명으로 나누어 평가시험과 글쓰기 과제를 사전 사후로 실시하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면, 입력강화 형태초점교수법과 출력강화 형태초점교수법 모두 학습자의 언어형태 학습에 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났고, 학습자들이 이러한 형태초점교수법으로 습득한 지식을 영어글쓰기에 활용하는데 기여한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과에 의거하여, 학습자의 언어형태 학습의 효과를 극대화할 수 있는 방법으로 입력강화와 출력강화기법을 적절하게 결합한 형태초점교수법을 적용할 것을 제안한다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.109-132
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• 2003

The purpose of the present study is to explore effective ways of teaching English grammar, which is geared toward improving students' communicative competence. Grammatical competence is essential to communicative competence. Grammatical knowledge cannot be acquired unconsciously in an EFL environment such as in Korea. Therefore learners should be given grammar instruction. More importantly, they should be instructed in grammar so that they can develop their grammatical abilities which are the foundation of communicative competence. The following is proposed for the grammar instruction placing the focus on improving communicative competence. First, it is effective to explain the form, meaning and pragmatics of a grammatical rule to learners in Korean. Second, learners should be given instruction in grammatical patterns that deals with constructions and meanings together, which can enable them to produce sentences by themselves. Third, it should be taught to understand constructions and meanings on the basis of word orders. Then the following steps of grammar instruction are suggested. In the first step of grammatical instruction, students should be provided with the illustrations of grammatical structures which link communicative functions and grammar. In the second step, learners should be gotten to practice grammatical constructions repeatedly enough to use them unconsciously. Lastly, communicative activities such as description and role plays should be included in grammar instruction to integrate grammar practice and communicative language use.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.371-380
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• 2017

본 연구는 대학 교양영어 교육에서 영어학습 부진아 학생들을 대상으로 목표어의 유창성과 정확성을 모두 얻기 위해서 언어의 형식적인 특성을 체계적으로 지도해야 할 필요성을 느끼고 기능 중심의 교양영어 교육을 하면서 기본적인 언어 요소인 문법과 어휘를 강화시키는 방법인 'focus on form'(FnF)를 투입하여 그 효과성을 알아보고자 하였다. 동질성이 검증된 3개 집단을 선정하여 의미중심의 의사소통 수업의 비교반과 FnF의 입력 강화 과제 방식 수업의 실험 A반, FnF의 출력 강화 수업의 실험 B반으로 구성하여 13주 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 입력 강화의 실험 A반은 비교반에 비해 문법 습득에 유의한 효과가 있었고, 출력 강화의 실험 B반은 비교반에 비해 어휘 습득에 유의한 효과가 있었다. 그러나 어휘와 문법 습득에서 FnF의 두 방식의 통계적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 교양영어수업에서 부진아 학생들에게 문법 항목과 관련해서는 인지적 부담이 낮은 입력 강화를 적용한 수업을 하고, 어휘 항목은 출력 강화를 적용한 FnF수업을 섞어서 할 필요가 있다는 것을 본 연구의 결과가 시사한다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 한국어 교육에서의 형태초점교수법의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 지금까지 행해진 실증적 연구를 비판적 시각으로 검토하는 것이다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위해 다수의 논문 데이터베이스를 검색하여 총 66개의 논문을 찾았으며, 이중 실증적 자료를 제시한 12개의 논문을 연구대상으로 채택하였다. 채택된 논문들을 연구 참여자, 목표 문법, 처치, 측정, 효과성을 기준으로 분석하였다. 전반적으로 형태초점교수법에 속하는 다양한 교수 전략들은 한국어를 제2언어로 가르치는데 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 형태초점 교수법에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하는 데 필요한 체계를 제공할 것이며, 또한 선행 연구의 메타 분석에 필요한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제2권
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• pp.169-193
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• 1998

Case- based reasoning(CBR) offers a new approach for developing knowledge based systems. Unlike the rule-based paradigm, in which domain knowledge is encoded in the form of production rules, in the case-based approach the problem solving experience of the domain expert is encoded in the form of cases stored in a casebase(CB). CBR allows a reasoner (1) to propose solutions in domains that are not completely understood by the reasoner, (2) to evaluate solutions when no algorithmic method is available for evaluation, and (3) to interprete open-ended and ill-defined concepts. CBR also helps reasoner (4) take actions to avoid repeating past mistakes, and (5) focus its reasoning on important parts of a problem. Owing to the above advantages, CBR has successfully been applied to many kinds of problems such as design, planning, diagnosis and instruction. In this paper, I propose case-based DSS(CBDSS). CBDSS is an intelligent DSS using CBR technique. CBDSS consists of interface, case-based reasoner, maintainer, casebase management system, domain dependent CB, domain independent CB, and so on.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.307-316
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 연역적 형태 초점 교수법과 귀납적 형태 초점 교수법이 제2 언어학습자의 문법 성취도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 문법 학습에 대한 반응의 변화를 파악하는 것이다. 연구 참여자들은 84명의 대학생으로 연역적 방법을 적용한 집단 29명, 귀납적 방법의 집단 28명과 전통적 방법의 집단 27명이었다. 이들을 대상으로 사전평가 및 사전설문조사 실시하였고, 수업 처치 후 사후평가와 사후설문조사를 진행하였으며 9주 후에 지연 사후평가를 수행하였다. 모든 양적 자료의 통계 처리를 위해 일원배치 분산분석, 대응표본 T-검정, 반복측정 분산분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 두 가지 형태 초점 교수법은 학습자의 문법 성취도 향상에 영향을 미쳤으며 이들의 장기적 지속 효과도 있었던 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 연역적 방법이 성취도에 더 효과적이었던 반면 문법 학습에 대한 반응에 있어서는 귀납적 방법이 더 긍정적인 변화를 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 형태 초점 교수법이 한국의 EFL 상황에서도 충분히 활용할 가치가 있음을 함의한다. 따라서 형태 초점 교수법의 지속 효과에 대해 더 장기적인 변화과정을 관찰하는 후속 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2023

Purpose: Higher Order Thinking Skills is one of the important aspects in education that must be mastered by the students in order to be qualified in competing at international level. Success in mastering HOTS among the students is always linked to preparation of a good and conducive learning environment. However, does this connection impacts the students' HOTS achievement? Therefore, this research is carried out in order to evaluate the relationship between HOTS and learning environment with the main focus on Accounting Principle Elective Subject (MPEI PP). Research design, data and methodology: Research in the form of correlation is implied in this study and it involves 59 Form 5 students that has learned all syllabus in Form 4's MPEI PP. Results: Evaluation of HOTS level is based on Taxonomy Bloom that covers applying skill, analysing skill, evaluating skill, and creating skill. Result from data analysis found that there is a very weak correlation (r = 0.02) between the two variables with regression equation of average grade point = 75.023 + (-.273) Learning Environment. Conclusion: Thus, a non-significant relationship between HOTS and learning environment is successfully proven through correlation and regression statistical analysis.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.215-235
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• 2006

This paper explores the effects of two different methods of instruction for 106 low-level Korean learners of English at a college in learning request expressions. Both of the methods contained the focus-on-form and function characteristics, while the degree of explicitness for input enhancement was differentiated. Abundant email samples written by English native speakers for the input were provided and email writing practice for the output was proceeded for both groups of the students in the treatment sessions. The numbers of target forms used in pretest and posttest results were compared quantitatively: The tests included email writing and open-ended Discourse Completion Test (DCT). The results indicated that the target pragmatic features were slightly better learned under the condition of relatively high degree of explicit instruction with metapragmatic information, even though the difference was statistically insignificant. In addition, the students' use of request strategies both in email and DCT was affected positively by the treatment with email input and output. That is, the students applied the request strategies they learned through email into their oral production (open-ended DCT) as well as their email writing. Further study on the output effect of target features in advancing pragmatic competence is suggested.