• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.22-31
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• 2004

The 'focus group' is a well established methodology to evaluate the characters and features of the mother group qualitatively. In outcomes based engineering education, it is a key issue to select a proper tool for evaluating the achievement of outcomes. Based on understanding of the method. A 'focus group' was introduced to evaluate the outcomes qualitatively in the engineering education. The issues in the procedure, implementation and analysis were studied. The guide manual for specific outcomes (life-long learning, contemporary issue, cooperation world-widely) was also suggested.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.95-117
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• 1988

The present research was designed to study the effect of gender differences and focus of attention (on sadness and on joy) in altruistic behavior. The subjects were 74 boys and 76 girls from a junior high school in Seoul. Emotion arousing and focus of attention identifying methods were used. Statistical analyses were with two-way ANOVA and $Scheff\acute{e}$ test. There were significant differences in altruisic behavior between the sadness self-oriented group and the sadness other-oriented group. The results were explained in terms of the accessibility of cognitive contents.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.89-112
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• 2019

To investigate the interplay between individual and collective self-regulations, the authors propose a dialectic process that describes the changes in the locus of self-regulations between individual self and collective self. The results from three studies display a strong support for the two sets of hypotheses drawn from the proposed process. Our findings demonstrate that consumers can move the locus of self-regulation from individual-self to collective-self when a social identity is activated (preliminary study and study1). Further examination of regulatory swing between individual and collective regulatory orientations revealed group identification as a key variable in determining the locus of self-regulation (study2). While a consumer with a high level of group identification changes her locus of self-regulation from an individual to a collective (a regulatory shift) and evaluated messages and products framed consistent with their group orientation, a consumer with low level of group identification maintains her locus of self-regulation in her personal level of self (a regulatory preservation) and evaluated messages and products framed consistent with their personal regulatory focus.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.101-118
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• 2020

The usage of emoticons used in the online environment continues to increase, and also the market for emoticons is growing rapidly. Emoticons go beyond simply conveying the meaning of a message and play various roles such as smooth communication, pursuit of fun, and intimacy. In this study, we first identify the factors that motivate users to use emoticons in an online messenger service, and then determine whether the derived factors have a significant effect on emoticon usage. Furthermore, based on Regulatory Focus Theory, we will distinguish between the group of promotion focus and the group of prevention focus to see how the influence of motives on emoticon usage differs.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1009-1020
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to present a developmental direction of the early childhood social education in kindergarten by investigating the mother's perceptions using the focus group interview. Mothers who have 4~5 year old children were selected for 3 focus group interviews. The following results were obtained: 1) The mothers recognized early childhood social education as an essential step before entering elementary school. 2) The mothers were found to have recognized that the cultivation of the various social situations of the children in kindergarten would be a very important task of the kindergarten, because kindergarten is a place for children to be introduced to social experiences for the first time in their lives. 3) Most of the mothers have the perception that early childhood social education showed positive effects on the development of their children. This perception was based on the evaluation of the social educational effect of kindergarten compared to that of elementary school.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.19 no.2 s.30
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• pp.133-146
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine how environmental education teachers think about environmental teaching materials of their use in primary and secondary schools. For this purpose, six primary and secondary school teachers were selected for focus group discussion on October 17th, 2005. The discussion of focus group was recorded both on video and audio tapes. Teachers' discussion could be analyzed in the perspectives of two big ideas, 'content selection' and 'content organization and presentation'. The big ideas were categorized into several areas: 1) The idea of 'content selection' was classified into 4 areas such as integration, difficulty level, locality, and timeliness, 2) The idea of 'content organization and presentation' was classified into 4 areas such as learning motivation, teaching and teaming strategy, evaluation method, application of teaching materials. This study provided meaningful ideas, which can be used in developing environmental education materials as well as effective teaching and teaming strategies for school environmental educators.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2016

Recently, food industries are increasingly interested in launching ethnic foods in the global market, but communicating sensory information to target consumers has been complicated due to the ambiguity and complexity of Korean sensory descriptors. This study was conducted to elicit various multidimensional sensory descriptors and their definitions using focus group interviews (FGI). Two consumer groups, consisting of 10 panelists in their 20s and 10 panelists in their 30-40s respectively, participated in the FGI. A total of 14 commonly used multidimensional sensory descriptors, including gamchilmat (감칠맛), gaeun (개운), goso (고소), gusu (구수), kkal-kkeum (깔끔), neu-kki (느끼), dambaek (담백), birin (비린), siwon (시원), sikeum (시큼), ssapssarae (쌉싸래), eolkeun (얼큰), jjapjoreum (짭조름), and kalkal (칼칼), were elicited. Their definitions showed that these descriptors not only were constructed using several sensory elements but also contained hedonic connotations. Descriptors such as gaeun, siwon, and kkal-kkeum were more closely associated with overall sensory impressions, including aftersensations and post-ingestive effects rather than sensory concepts. As individuals tend to weigh different elements to construct the concept for each multidimensional descriptor, further studies are required to identify elements consisting of these descriptors to develop better test methods and gain a clearer understanding of the sensory profiles of Korean foods.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.63-70
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• 2011

Recent studies on English $L^*$ (low pitch accent) have revealed the difference of changes in acoustic manifestation between utterances produced by Koreans and those produced by native speakers of English. However, not much effort has been made to compare $L^*$ focused constituents and non-focused constituents. At the same time, most previous works on focus realization are lacking in terms of normalization of acoustic measurement. Therefore, this research is dedicated to comparing the $L^*$ focused items and non-focused items realized by Koreans and Americans and to examining the realization of English $L^*$ produced by the two language groups with improved normalization of the acoustic features (F0, intensity and duration). Within-group analysis comparing focused words and non-focused words showed both Americans and Koreans prolonged the $L^*$ focused syllables but the effect size of syllable lengthening made by Koreans was far less than that made by Americans. Furthermore, significant F0 lowering was found in Americans but not in Koreans. However, the effect of intensity change caused by $L^*$ focus was not significant within each group. The effect of focused words was tested between the two groups revealing that Koreans implemented English $L^*$ focus with higher F0, lower intensity and shorter duration than Americans. In the instances in which a significant Group x Focus Location (initial, middle and final of a sentence) interaction was found, further analysis testing the effect of Group on each Focus Location was conducted. The testing showed that the Koreans produced shorter syllables at initial and middle of a sentence and higher F0 at initial of a sentence than Americans. Implications for the intonation training were also discussed.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 1999

In this study, focus group interviews were used to investigate female university students' eating behavior, factors related to eating behavior, information sources for nutrition, and formats for nutrition education. Thirty-six students participated in one of five focus groups during December 1998 in Seoul. Focus group discussions were video, audio-taped, transcribed and analyzed by major themes. Results showed that subjects have undesirable eating behaviors, such s eating irregular meals and skipping meals. These behaviors are caused by a lack of time, habit, or for the purpose of losing weight. The students tended to have unbalanced diets and frequently ate out. They had a large amount for dinner and frequently snaked when stressed or had an empty stomach. Most of them were interested in weight control and had attempted to lose weight, but they did not participate in regular exercise. The most frequently used source for nutrition information was the mass media, but much nutrition information was based on what they learned from home economics class during middle to high school. They received more support from mothers, elder sisters, and friends for eating behaviors, such s lowering caloric intake and losing weight. In nutrition education, they wanted to learns behaviorla skills to adopt healthy behaviors, including meal planning, applying scientific weight control methods, exercise that fit into their lives, and stress management. They also mentioned that nutrition screening and assessment should be a part of nutrition education programs. As a method for nutrition education, subjects preferred an individualized approach to group education. These results provide the qualitative information for developing nutrition education programs which will be implemented for Korean University students.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.107-114
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• 2019

Purpose - This is longitudinal research which aims to investigate the meaning of greenness to consumers' behavior. Consumers adopt green marketing as a new factor in product buying and consumption and more and more consumers prefer green product and services. Consumers' green buying behavior can be different from other purchasing experiences. There would be changes in the meaning of green as time passed and it can be different from countries to other countries. This study examines focus group studies with several groups. There is a ten-year gap between 2010 focus group and 2019 focus group interviews. With this ten-year gap, we can find the change of greenness to consumers. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected from Turkish, Korean, Kazakhstan people. This is a cross-sectional study and focus group interview was designed. We can gain information relevant to the research problem with using focus group study and get some insights into basic needs and attitudes of green marketing. The subjects for green purchase interviewee were confined to under 40 years old's shoppers regardless of gender. The first study was investigated with several groups in 2010 and the second interview were conducted in 2019. Results - Results show that the meaning of greenness for consumer has changed over time in accordance with the growing accordance of environmental sustainability. Basically, green marketing still means valuable, natural, recycle-able, good for health, clean, smart behavior, essential benefit. The concept of greenness significantly evolved since it was investigated in 2010. It moves away from focusing on specific environmental issues to considering global sustainability issues. Especially we found that greenness can be related with globalization, higher education, social status at the 2019 interview. Conclusions - This paper attempted to confirm the green marketing is essential and expands its meaning to various aspect. Usually, we can think green marketing is everywhere, therefore, people don't care about green issues in real. But consumers are adopting green marketing more and more, it can be a means to attract potential consumers. Therefore, companies should provide enough greenness information for people and they might apply greenness communication to attract potential customers.