• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.760-764
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• 2005

This research was performed to investigate protective effect of Sophora Subprostrata fractions against focal ischemic brain damage after middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion. Rats were divided into six groups: MCA-occluded group(Control); each administered groups with Sophora Subprostrata total phase(Total), Sophora Subprostrata Aqueous phase (Aqueous), Sophora Subprostrata BuOH phase(BuOH), and Sophora Subprostrata Alkaloid phase(Alkaloid) after MCA-occlusion; sham-operated group(Sham). The right MCA was occluded by A poly-L-lysine coated 4-0 nylon suture thread through the internal carotid artery permanently. Sophora Subprostrata and fractions were administered orally(5mg/ml) for 7 days after MCA-occlusion. The behavior of ischemic rats were examined at 24 hours, 3, 5 and 7 days after MCA-occlusion from the views of 4 different aspects: posture & balance tests(4 subtests), reflex tests(6 subtests), muscle-tone tests(3 subtests), and foot-fault test. The results showed that 1) in muscle tone test, Sophora Subprostrata total phase only increased reduced muscle tone function from 3 to 7 days, 2) in reflex test, Sophora Subprostrata total and Aqueous phase increased fast recovery from 24 hours and 3 days, 3) in posture & balance test, Sophora Subprostrata total and Aqueous phase increased fast recovery from 24 hours, and Sophora Subprostrata BuOH and Alkaloid phase increased posture & balance function from 3 days, but 4) in motor function test, Sophora Subprostrata did not show effective recovery compared with control group. In conclusion, Sophora Subprostrata has protective effects against brain damage at the early stage of focal cerebral ischemia. Sophora Subprostrata total and Aqueous phase produced more pronounced protective effect against focal ischemic brain damage.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2012

The SPICA (SPace Infrared Telescope for Cosmology & Astrophysics) project is a next-generation infrared space telescope optimized for mid- and far-infrared observation with a cryogenically cooled 3m-class telescope. It will achieve the high resolution as well as the unprecedented sensitivity from mid to far-infrared range. The FPC (Focal Plane Camera) proposed by KASI as an international collaboration is a near-infrared instrument. The FPC-S and FPC-G are responsible for the scientific observation in the near-infrared and the fine guiding, respectively. The FPC-G will significantly reduce pointing error down to below 0.075 arcsec through the observation of guiding stars in the focal plane. We analyzed the pointing requirement from the focal plane instruments as well as the error factors affecting the pointing stability. We also obtained the expected performance in operation modes. We concluded that the FPC-G can achieve the pointing stability below 0.075 arcsec which is the requirement from the focal plane instruments.

• 지구물리
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.93-96
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• 2005

한반도 동해안에 지진해일 피해를 유발할 수 있는 일본서안지역에 대하여 지진활동도, 지진공백역, 해저단층연구와 같은 기존의 연구결과 및 지진해일 수치모형을 이용한 한반도 동해안 최대파고를 유발할 수 있는 단층해를 제시하였다. 지진정보가 없는 해저단층지역에 대해 지진해일 수치모형을 수행하여 한반도 동해안에 최대의 파고를 유발할 수 있는 단층해를 제시하였다. 특히 주향의 변화에 따라 같은 규모 지진이라도 생성할 수 있는 해안가에서의 해일의 높이는 7배 이상 차이가 날 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이 단층해를 이용하여 지역별, 규모별로 도달시간 및 최대해일고를 포함하는 지진해일 시나리오 DB를 구축하고 있으며 향후 기상청 국가지진분석시스템과 연계하여 지진해일 예측체계를 강화할 것이다

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to examine gaze effects on spatial and kinematic characteristics during a pointing task. Subjects were asked to watch and point to an aimed target (2 mm in diameter) displayed on a vertically mounted board. Four gaze conditions were developed as combinations of "seeing-aiming" in terms of the eye movements: Focal-Focal (F-F), Focal-Fixing (F-X), Fixing-Focal (X-F), and Fixing-Fixing (X-X). Both the home target and an aimed target were presented for 1 second and then were disappeared in F-F and X-F. In X-F and X-X, only an aimed target disappeared after 1 second. Subjects were asked to point (with index finger tip) to an aimed target accurately as soon as the aimed target was removed. A significant main effect of gaze was found (p<.01) for normalized movement time. Peripheral retina targets had significantly larger absolute error compared to central retina targets on the x (medio-lateral) and z (superior-inferior) axes (p<.01). A significant undershooting to peripheral retina targets on the x axis was found (p<.01). F-F and X-F had larger peak velocities compared to F-X and X-X (p<.01). F-F and X-F were characterized by more time spent in the deceleration phase compared to F-X and X-X (p<.01). The present study demonstrates that central vision utilizes a form of on-line visual processing to reach to an object, and thus increases spatial accuracy. However, peripheral vision utilizes a relatively off-line visual processing with a dependency on proprioceptive information.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2006

The importance of soft tissue response to implant abutments has become one of the major issues in current implant dentistry. To date, numerous studies have emphasized on maintaining connective tissue barriers in quantity, as well as in quality fir the long term success of dental implants. The cells mainly consisting the soft tissue around dental implants are fibroblasts and epithelial cells. The mechanism of the fibroblasts adhesions to certain substrata can be explained by the 'focal adhesion' theory. On the other hand, epithelial cells adhere tn the substratum via hemidesmosomes. The typical integrin-mediated adhesions of cells to certain matrix are called 'cell-matrix adhsions'. The focal adhesion complex of fibroblasts, in relation to the cell-matrix adhsions, consists of the extracellular matrix(ECM) such as fibronectin, the transmembrane proteins such as integrins, the intracellular cytoplasmic proteins such as vinculin, talin, and more, and the cytoskeletal structures such as filamentous actin and microtubules. The mechanosensory function of integrins and focal adhesion complexes are considered to play a major role in the cells adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, division, and even apoptosis. The '3-D matrix adhesions' defined by Cukierman et al. makes a promising future for the verification of the actual process of the cell-matrix adhesions in vivo and can be applied to the field of implant dentistry in relation to obtaining strong soft tissue attachment to the implant abutments.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2020

Gorham-Stout syndrome is a rare bone disorder characterized by progressive massive osteolysis and proliferation of vascular and lymphatic vessels. A 15-year-old boy was initially diagnosed with Gorham-Stout at the age of 8 years based on clinical and radiological findings. Following diagnosis, he was treated with pamidronate, interferon alfa, propranolol, oral corticosteroids, and sirolimus. He developed proteinuria at the age of 15 and progressed into the nephrotic range 2 years later. A renal biopsy revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, not otherwise specified variant. The sequential increase in proteinuria associated with medications suggested that the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis may be caused by pamidronate and sirolimus, but cannot completely rule out the possibility of kidney involvement of GSS itself.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.191-197
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• 1987

39 patients with focal hepatic lesions were evaluated by $^{99m}Tc-RBC$ liver scan. The diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions were made by percutaneous needle biopsy, angiography, surgery, or clinical courses. Thses diagnoses included 24 cases of hemangioma, 7 hepatomas, 6 metastatic disease, 1 abscess, and 1 cyst. 19 hemangiomas showed focal hot activity on delayed static planar images. 3 small deep seated hemangiomas were diagnosed by SPECT that would have been missed by planar images alone. 2 large hemangiomas had no radioisotope uptake within the lesions on delayed images and at surgery cavernous hemangioma with thrombosis, calcification, and fibrosis were found. For hepatic hemangiomas in our series, the sensitivity was 91.7% and the specificity was 100%. The remaining 15 patients including hepatomas, metastatic lesions, cyst and abscess showed cold defect on delayed blood pool images. It is concluded that $^{99m}Tc-RBC$ liver scan should be the choice of primary diagnostic procecure for clinically suspected hepatic hemangioma since it's inexpensive, non-invasive, and readly available.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2011

Purpose: The focal ossification of auricular cartilage is an unusual clinical entity in which the ear becomes partially or totally rigid and immalleable. This condition may result from cold injury, local trauma, inflammation, or various systemic diseases. Patients may feel mild discomfort, but there are usually no other serious symptoms. We present a case of focal ossification of auricular cartilage in which the cause is unknown. Methods: A healthy 58-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of hard mass of right posterior auricular area. He denied any precipitating historical events like cold injury and inflammation. Routine testing did not demonstrate systemic abnormalities. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a $22{\times}10{\times}11mm$ sized heterogenous isoechoic mass showing an acoustic shadow. Results: Excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Histological examination revealed the ossification with deposition of trabecular bone in normal elastic cartilage. The patient was healed without any problems and satisfied with the result. Conclusion: We report clinical experience of focal ossification of auricular cartilage, which is quite a rare clinical entity. It should be considered that there is the possibility of ossification of cartilage when it meets the benign mass of the ear.

• Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2018

Background: Cervical foraminal stenosis (CFS) is one of the degenerative changes of the cervical spine; however, correlations between the severity of stenosis and that of symptoms are not consistent in the literature. Studies to date on the prevalence of stenosis are based on images obtained from the departments treating cervical lesions, and thus patient selection bias may have occurred. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CFS according to the site, extent, and morphology of stenosis using cervical computed tomography (CT) images obtained from patients who were visiting not because of symptoms related to the cervical spine, cervical pain, or upper limb pain. Methods: Among patients who underwent CT from January 2016 to March 2016 for reasons other than cervical spine symptoms, a total of 438 subjects were enrolled, and 2,628 cervical disc images (C4-5, C5-6, and C6-7; left and right sides) were examined. Three orthopedic surgeons performed two measurements each at 4-week intervals. Values were used for analysis if matched by more than two surgeons; if no match was found, the median values were used for analysis. The left and right sides on the same axial image were independently classified. Results: Left C5-6 stenosis was most common (24.66%) among patients. At the left C6-7, there were 20 focal types and 33 diffuse types. At bilateral C4-5 and right C6-7, the focal type was more common, whereas at bilateral C5-6 and left C6-7, the diffuse type was more common. Age and the severity of stenosis showed statistically significant correlation at all cervical levels. Conclusions: The prevalence of CFS was highest at the C5-6 level (19.06%). Compared to other levels, focal stenosis was more frequent at C4-5 and diffuse stenosis was more common at C5-6. At C6-7, the incidence of focal stenosis was higher on the right side and that of diffuse stenosis was higher on the left side.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2019

3D 카메라 기술 중에서 초점의 흐려짐을 이용한 깊이 추정은 카메라의 초점거리 평면의 물체는 선명한 상이 맺히지만 카메라의 초점거리 평면으로부터 멀어진 물체는 흐린 영상을 만들어낸다는 현상을 이용해 3D 깊이를 추정한다. 본 논문에서는 단일 카메라를 이용하여 촬영한 영상의 흐림 정도를 분석하여 3D 깊이를 추정하는 알고리즘을 연구하였다. 단일 카메라의 1 개의 영상 또는 단일 카메라의 초점이 서로 다른 2 개의 영상을 사용하여 초점의 흐려짐을 이용한 3D 깊이를 추정하는 방법을 통해 최적화된 피사체 범위를 도출하였다. 1 개의 영상을 이용한 깊이 추정에서는 스마트폰 카메라와 DSLR 카메라 모두 250 mm의 초점거리를 사용하는 것이 가장 좋은 성능을 보였다. 2개의 영상을 이용한 깊이 추정에서는 스마트폰 카메라 영상은 150 mm와 250 mm로 그리고 DSLR 카메라 영상은 200 mm와 300 mm로 초점거리를 설정하였을 때 가장 좋은 3D 깊이 추정 유효 범위를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.