• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2009

In hypertriglyceridaemic individuals, atherosclerogenesis is associated with the increased concentrations of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and VLDL-associated remnant particles. In vitro studies have suggested that VLDL induces foam cells formation. To reveal the changes of the proteins expression in the process of foam cells formation induced by VLDL, we performed a proteomic analysis of the foam cells based on the stimulation of differentiated THP-1 cells with VLDL. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis, 14 differentially expressed proteins, containing 8 up-regulated proteins and 6 down-regulated proteins were identified. The proteins are involved in energy metabolism, oxidative stress, cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, such as adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), enolase, S100A11, heat shock protein 27 and so on. In addition, the expression of some selected proteins was confirmed by Western blot and RT-PCR analysis. The results suggest that VLDL not only induces lipid accumulation, but also brings about foam cells diverse characteristics by altering the expression of various proteins.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.104-112
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• 2014

Generally, numerical approaches of evaluation for vehicle seat comfort have been studied without considering time-dependent characteristics and the only seating moment have been considered in seat design. However, the comfort not only at the seating moment but also in the long-term should be evaluated because the passengers are sitting repeatedly on the seat to drive the vehicle for hours. So, the aim of this paper is to carry out a quantitative evaluation of the time-dependent mechanical characteristics of seat foams and to suggest a process for predicting the viscoelastic deformation of seat foam in response to long-term driving. To characterize the seat materials, uniaxial compression and tension tests were carried out for the seat foam and stress relaxation tests were performed for evaluating the viscoelastic behavior of the seat foam. A unit solid element model was used to verify the reliability of the material model with respect to the compression behavior of the seat foam. It is not straightforward to evaluate the time-dependent compression of foams using the explicit solver because the viscoelastic material model is limited. To use the explicit solver, the material model must be modified using stress-degradation data. Normalized stress relaxation moduli were added to the stress-strain curves obtained under static conditions to achieve a time-dependent set of stress-strain relations that were compatible with the implicit solver. There was good agreement between the analysis results and experimental data.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2018

Simplification of the manufacturing process in shoe making is essential to improve productivity and reduce production costs. To improve the adhesion of EVA foam used as a midsole, EVA/itaconated EPDM(EPDM-g-IA)(80/20wt%) blend was prepared using Torque Rheometer-Plasti-Corder, and 1,6-hexamethylenediamine/crosslinking agent/foaming agent/additive were mixed, followed by amidation reaction and foaming to prepare EVA/EPDM-g-IA foam for shoe midsole. In this study, we investigate the effect of the content of 1,6-hexamethylenediamine(0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0) on the mechanical properties, water-contact angle and adhesion of EVA/itaconated EPDM foam. As the content of 1,6-hexamethylenediamine increased, mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, tensile elastic modulus, hardness, and water-contact angle were lowered, but elongation at break and compression set(%) were increased. Both normal type and non-UV type adhesive strength increased with increasing diamine content. In particular, it was found that the adhesion strength of the non-UV type adhesion increased sharply with increasing diamine content. As a result, an adherend rupture occurs in a foam sample having a content of 1,6-hexamethylenediamine of 3phr. From this, it can be seen that the EVA/itaconated EPDM foam for shoe midsoles, which can be used for non-UV adhesion without primer and UV treatments, have been developed.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2013

Today, the modification of carbon foam for high performance remains a major issue in the environment and energy industries. One promising way to solve this problem is the optimization of the pore structure for desired properties as well as for efficient performance. In this study, using a sol-gel process followed by carbonization in an inert atmosphere, hollow spherical carbon foam was prepared using resorcinol and formaldehyde precursors catalyzed by 4-aminobenzoic acid; the effect of carbonization temperature and re-immersion treatment on the pore structure and characteristics of the hollow spherical carbon foam was investigated. As the carbonization temperature increased, the porosity and average pore diameter were found to decrease but the compression strength and electrical conductivity dramatically increased in the temperature range of this study ($700^{\circ}C$ to $850^{\circ}C$). The significant differences of X-ray diffraction patterns obtained from the carbon foams carbonized under different temperatures implied that the degree of crystallinity greatly affects the characteristics of the carbon form. Also, the number of re-impregnations of carbon form in the resorcinol-formaldehyde resin was varied from 1 to 10 times, followed by re-carbonization at $800^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours under argon gas flow. As the number of re-immersion treatments increased, the porosity decreased while the compression strength improved by about four times when re-impregnation was repeated 10 times. These results imply the possibility of customizing the characteristics of carbon foam by controlling the carbonization and re-immersion conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.51-55
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• 2015

There are various studies on the fire suppression process but the study on second pollution from fire products is not enough yet. Therefor, in this study verify that environmentally-friendly properties($LC_{50}$) of foam extinguishing agent with increases its amount used through with Fish-Acute Toxicity Test using a fish named Misgurnus anguillicaudatus that is appointed by OECD Test Guideline. In conclusion, proven that environmentally friendly properties of the agent of hoseo university through 16 times of LC50 than that of market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.241-245
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• 2012

In this study, one type of circular shaped composite tube was used, combined with reinforcing foam and without foam. Furthermore, CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) circular member manufactured from CFRP prepreg sheet for lightweight design. CFRP is an anisotropic material which is the most widely adapted lightweight structural member. The crashworthy behavior of circular composite material tubes subjected to static axial compression under same conditions is reported in this paper. The collapse mode during the failure process were observed and analyzed. The behavior of polymeric foams to the tubes crashworthiness were also investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1414-1417
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• 2004

A thick-layered RP process, transfer-type variable lamination manufacturing using expandable polystyrene foam (VLMST) has been developed to have the advantageous characteristics such as high building speed, low cost for introduction and maintenance of VLM-ST apparatus, and little staircase surface irregularities of parts. However, VLM-ST has difficulty fabricating an axisymmetric shape and a large-sized freeform shape because of the limited sloping angles and small build size. The objective of this paper is to develop a multi-functional hotwire cutting system using EPS-foam (MHC). MHC employs a four-axis synchronized hotwire cutter with the structure of two XY movable heads and a turntable. In order to examine the applicability of the developed MHC apparatus, an axisymmetric shape, a polyhedral shape and a large-sized freeform shape were fabricated on the apparatus.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.461-470
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• 2018

In this study, the effect of polyurethane foam filler, in addition to surface layer thickness and core material thickness, on vibration characteristics of sandwich structures was investigated. The manufacturing process was carried out according to the Taguchi method. The natural frequencies and damping ratios of the produced samples were determined experimentally for fixed-free boundary conditions. In addition, solid models were developed for test samples and their finite element analyses were performed with $ANSYS^{(R)}$ to obtain their natural frequencies and mode shapes. An acceptably good agreement was found with the comparison of experimental results with the numerically obtained ones. The most effective parameters on the vibration characteristics of the sandwich structure were determined by the Taguchi method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05b
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• pp.461-464
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• 2006

An experimental study is conducted to charaterize the mechanical properties of a fiber-reinforced, lightweight concrete (FRLAC) that is produced without an autoclave process. The FRLAC enhances the strength of lightweight cellular concrete by adding polypropylene fibers. A series of compressive strength tests on cylindrical specimens are carried out to characterize the compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity of the FRLAC. Specifically, various mixing rates of a foam agent are applied in casting of the specimens to investigate the influence of the mixing rate of the foam agent on the performance of the FRLAC and to determine the optimal mixing rate of the foam agent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.131-134
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• 2004

In this paper, a representative unit volume (RUV) model was employed to simulate thermoforming process of carbon fabric-polymeric foam sandwich structures. Thermoforming simulations, which capture crimp angles and amplitude changes of carbon fabric with respect to different types of foams under the operating pressure were conducted with the help of RUV model. Changed shapes of tow structure after thermoforming were reflected in the two dimensional to determine mechanical properties of skin parts, i.e_ carbon fabric composites after thermoforming. Bending simulations with respect to different foam systems as well as different moduli of carbon fabric composites were successfully carried out by using properties obtained from two-dimensional analyses.