• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2003

In a simulated seawater aquaculture system, effects of different operating factors like the superficial air velocity (SAY), hydraulic residence time (HRT), protein concentration and foam overflow height on the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) by a foam fractionator, with 20 cm diameter and 120 cm height, were investigated. This experiment was performed on batch and consecutive modes for different combinations of the tested factors, using synthetic wastewater. In 5 consecutive trials, TSS concentration in culture tank water decreased faster, when the foam fractionator was operated at higher SAV and lower HRT. In batch trials, with increasing SAV, TSS removal rate increased, but decreased with increasing HRT. Higher protein concentration in the bulk solution resulted in higher TSS removal rate. TSS concentration in the collected foam condensates increased but the foam overflow rate decreased with increasing foam overflow height. Foam fractionation was effective for removing TSS in seawater aquaculture systems and its performance largely depended on the operating parameters, especially superficial air velocity.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.509-514
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• 2003

We performed the experiment to determine the effective factors, such as the initial concentration of protein, pore size of air distributor, SAV (superficial air velocity), pH, salts and temperature related to foaming characteristics. The foam height in a foam generator was increased with the increase of the initial protein concentration and the decrease of pore size. As SAV was increased, the foam height was increased, and the optimum SAV was 0.84 cm/sec. The foam height was highest in the acid region and it was increased with the increase of salt concentration of NaCl and $NaHCO_3.$ The removal efficiencies of TSS (total suspended solid) and turbidity decreased with the increase of the initial protein concentration in the batch foam separator.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2004

The characteristics of foam generation were assessed for freshwater and seawater using a foam generator. Both in freshwater and seawater, the height of the foam layer increased with initial protein concentrations. The height of the foam layer also increased with pore size of the air distributor. The optimum superficial air velocities (SAV) in freshwater and seawater were 0.84 cm/sec and 0.6 cm/sec, respectively. The height of the foam layer was the highest in pH 3 in freshwater and in the region of pH 5-7 in seawater. The height of the foam layer increased with $NaHCO_3$ concentration in freshwater, and $NaHCO_3$ concentration had little effect in seawater. Removal efficiencies of total suspended solid (TSS) and turbidity decreased with an increase of initial protein concentrations in a batch foam separator both in freshwater and seawater.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.82-90
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• 1992

To optimize the foam dyeing procedures for polyester and polyester/nylon blended non-woven fabrics, the effects of organic solvents and surfactants were investigated by measuring the foam heights and surface tensions of the foam dyeing solution. The results of the experiments can be summarized as follows: 1) Organic solvents and surfactants (sodium lauryl sulphate: SLS) solution lower the surface tension (ST) of the water, but ST lowering rate of SLS solution is greater than that of solvents. For a 0.25% SLS solution, the minimum surface tension was 30.3 dyne/cm, which is nearly the same value for organic solvents. 2) For 0.25% SLS solutions, additional adding of a 4.0% organic solvent makes the foam height (FH) be its maximum. 3) At 0.6 g/ι dye concentration, incorporation of 0.4% SLS makes the surface tension of the foam solution be its minimum. The foam height did not show any trend due to the dye type. 4) The effect of foam stabilizers (sodium alginate (Alg-Na) and hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC)) were also investigated. The foam height of the foaming solution with HEC was greater than that with Alg-Na. The foam stability of the foaming solution with Alg-Na was better than that with HEC.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 1998

The feasibility of foam separation to remove protein in aquacultural recirculating water was investigated. From the results of batch foam separation on protein removal, superficial air velocity and initial protein concentration in bulk solution were found to be important operational factors In determining removal rates of protein. The protein removal rate by batch foam separation was proportionally increased with the superficial air velocity. Performance characteristics of continous foam separator were highly dependent upon the operating parameters of superficial air velocity, hydraulic retention time(HRT) and foam height. Removal effeciency of protein increases with increasing superficial air velocity and HRT, and independent on foam height. As DO concentration was increased with superficial air velocity, foam separator is also used for oxygen addition. It could be confinned that foam separator might offer better perspective for protein removal in aquacuitural recirculating water.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2003

Effects of different operating factors including superficial air velocity (SAV), hydraulic residence time (HRT), protein concentration, and foam overflow height on protein removal by a foam fractionator in simulated seawater aquaculture system were investigated. This experiment was conducted on batch and consecutive modes at different combinations of the affecting factors. The foam fractionator had a diameter of 20cm and a height of 120cm and the experiment was conducted with synthetic wastewater. In 5 consecutive trials, protein concentrations in culture tank water decreased faster when the foam fractionator was operated at higher SAVs and lower HRTs. In batch trials, protein removal rates increased with an increase in SAV but decreased with an increase in URT. Higher protein concentrations in the bulk solution resulted in higher protein removal rates. Protein concentrations in the collected foam condensates increased but the foam overflow rates decreased with the increase of foam overflow heights. The results of this experiment indicate that foam fractionation would be an effective way for protein removal in seawater aquaculture systems and the performance of the foam fractionator depends largely on the operating parameters, especially SAV.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.504-508
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• 1998

포말분리 장치를 이용한 해수 중의 단백질 제거 특성을 조사한 결과, 단백질 농도가 높을 수록 그리고 포말층높이가 낮을수록 단백질의 제거속도는 증가는 것으로 나타났다. 단백질의 농도에 따른 제거속도의 변화는 단백질의 농도가 높을수록 그 제거 속도 또한 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 본 논문의 폭기량 0.65 cm/sec로 운전한 실험 결과에서 단백질 농도와 제거속도와의 관계가 다음과 같이 나타났다. (equation omitted) 또한 포말층높이의 변화에 대해서도 포말층의 높이가 클수록 그 제거속도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이때에 폭기량이 많을수록 단백질의 제거속도 또한 크게 나타났으며, 포말층높이의 증가에 따른 제거속도의 감소 정도 또한 폭기량이 많을수록 크게 나타났다. 그러나 상대적인 수치에 따르면, 폭기량에 상관없이 포말층 높이가 10 cm증가함에 따라 낮은 포말층 높이에서의 제거속도의 대략 30 % 정도가 감소하는 것으로 나타나 상대적인 감소율의 비는 일정한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.239-243
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• 1997

포말분리관에서 양어장 순환수를 일정하게 공급하여 분리 실험을 수행하며 체류 시간, 공탑 공기 유속, 포말층 높이 등의 영향에 따른 포말 분리관의 각 성분의 분리 특성을 연구한 결과 체류 시간 및 공탑 공기 유속이 증가할수록 TSS, TA및 $NO_2^-$ 성분의 제거율도 비례적으로 증가하였다. 그리고 포말층의 높이가 증가할수록 TA의 제거율은 월등히 증가한 반면에 $NO_2^-$, TSS의 제거율은 일정하게 유지되었다. 포말분리기의 공탑 공기 유속 및 포말층 높이가 증가할수록 순환수내의 용존산소도 증가하여 포말분리기는 양어장 순환수의 산소 공급 장치로도 활용되었다. 포말분리법은 어류 성장에 유해한 TSS, TA, $NO_2^-$를 단기간에 제거할 수 있고 어류 성장에 필요한 산소를 공급할 수 있는 매우 효과적인 방법으로 판단되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1263-1271
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• 2001

An experimental study is carried out for an aluminum foam heat sink attached to an isolated heat source to evaluate high potential of aluminum foam as a heat sink with impinging jets. The effects of the pore density and the height of the aluminum foam heat sink, the jet Reynolds number, and the nozzle diameter are delineated in comparison with a conventional pin type heat sink. It is found that the aluminum foam with small pores is inefficient for the heat transfer enhancement due to the large flow friction at the given porosity. In the parameter ranges of the present study, the change in the nozzle diameter shows no significant effects on the surface temperature of the aluminum foam heat sink at a given Reynolds number. The heat transfer enhancement is strongly dependent on the jet Reynolds number and shows a maximum value at a moderate Reynolds number.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2003

The performance of a foam fractionator to remove TAN, $NO_2,\;NO_3$, TSS, protein, and $PO_4-P$ at different superficial air velocities and foam overflow heights was evaluated in a lab-scale seawater recirculating system for culture of Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). The foam overflow rates increased with the increase of superficial air velocities, but decreased with the increase of foam overflow heights. Concentrations of all the water quality variables in the foam condensates increased with the increase of foam overflow height, but decreased with the increase of superficial air velocities. TSS, protein, and phosphate enrichment factors were within the range of 6.4-39.4, 1.6-7.3 and 1.2-3.9, respectively. Low values of TAN, $NO_2,\;and\;NO_3$ enrichment factors were obtained and they indicate that foam fractionation is rot an effective way to remove dissolved inorganic nitrogen. The calculated maximum daily removal values for TSS and protein were 10.9 and 1.4g, respectively.