• 치위생과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2023

Background: In our study, a silver diamine fluoride (SDF) compound for the treatment of dental caries was synthesized to characterize its remineralization activity upon direct application to deciduous teeth. This study aimed to use microscopic computed tomography (microCT) and nanoindentation to evaluate whether SDF composite application could effectively arrest dental caries in five exfoliated primary molars. Methods: Carious teeth were extracted and visually examined using quantitative photofluorescence devices (Qraycam and QraypenTM). After performing microCT, the SDF composite was applied to the teeth according to the manufacturer's instructions. The researchers exchanged and precipitated the irritant saliva once daily for 1 week. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally through the centers of the mesial and distal surfaces, embedded, polished, and measured using nanoindentation. Thereafter, microCT was repeated. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism software. Results: Following SDF composite application, a remineralized layer was observed on microCT images, and the hardness increased when measured using nanoindentation. We found that demineralized enamel presented with an increased number of irregular crystals in the deep carious lesion group compared with those in the shallow carious lesion group, resulting in a rougher surface. Conclusion: The SDF composite may be used for remineralization of early caries and cessation of advanced caries in primary molars.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2020

이 연구는 두 종류의 글라스 아이오노머와 'alkasite' 계열 수복재의 불소 유리 및 재충전 양상을 비교, 평가하기 위해 시행되었다. 글라스 아이오노머 Fuji IX GP와 Riva Self Cure, 'alkasite' 수복재인 Cention N, 복합레진 Filtek™ Z350XT의 시편을 직경 10.0 mm, 높이 2.0 mm의 원반 형태로 제작하였다. 총 28일간 불소 유리량을 측정한 이후, 각 재료별로 시편을 두 군으로 분류하였다. 실험군에는 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride(APF) gel을 1분간 도포하고, 이후 7일간의 불소 유리량 측정을 통해 대조군과 비교하여 각 재료의 불소 재충전 여부를 평가하였다. 불소 유리량은 Riva Self Cure, Fuji IX GP, Cention N의 순으로 높게 나타났다(p < 0.05). Cention N의 불소 유리량은 Fuji IX GP의 약 49% 수준으로 측정되었다. 또한, Riva Self Cure, Fuji IX GP, Cention N에서 1.23% APF gel의 도포 후 불소 유리량의 증가가 관찰되어(p < 0.05), 글라스 아이오노머뿐 아니라 Cention N에서도 불소의 재충전 양상이 확인되었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.740-752
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was carried out to examine the effect of varnish fluoride and APF gel on the acid resistance and the remineralization of the enamel. Methods : At first, the microhardness changes of enamel surface were measured after demineralizing the fluoride treated tooth surface. Next, the changes were measured after fluoride application to the demineralized enamel surface. Results : 1. Acid resistance was higher in varnish fluoride groups than APF gel groups and the difference was significant(p<0.001). 1) Varnish fluoride groups Microhardness of enamel surface showed $297.76{\pm}9.89$ after fluoride treatment and $260.90{\pm}28.67$ after drmineralization. The changes of Vickers hardness number(VHN) were $-36.86{\pm}27.30$. 2) APF gel groups Microhardness of enamel surface showed $298.79{\pm}17.28$ after fluoride treatment and $43.75{\pm}18.58$ after demineralization The changes of VHN were $-255.04{\pm}21.31$. 2. No significant changes were surveyed in both varnish fluoride groups and APF gel groups as for remineralization of enamel(p>0.05). 1) Varnish fluoride groups Microhardness of enamel surface showed $46.58{\pm}15.42$ after demineralization and $46.61{\pm}15.70$ after fluoride treatment. The changes of VHN were $0.02{\pm}3.75$. 2) APF gel groups Microhardness of enamel surface showed $47.13{\pm}19.31$ after demineralization and $42.59{\pm}16.12$ after fluoride treatment. The changes of VHN were $-4.54{\pm}5.06$. Conclusions : Varnish fluoride showed higher acid resistance than APF gel, however both of them were observed to have no effect on the remineralization of the enamel.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2010

본 연구는 불소 바니쉬의 백색 병소에 대한 치료 효과를 도포 기간, 빈도 등에 따라 미세경도와 병소 면적 변화를 통해 비교 분석하였다. 실험을 위해 대구치의 치관부를 이용해 레진 블록을 제작하였다. 불소 도포 주기에 따라, 1주군(I군), 2주군(II군), 3주군(III군)으로 분류하여 군당 15개의 시편을 배정하였다. 시편은 카보폴 907을 이용한 인공우식용액에 15일간 침지하여 탈회시켰으며, 이후 인공타액에 넣어 $37^{\circ}C$ 항온기에 보관하였다. 탈회 전, 탈회 후, 불소 도포 후 미세경도와 병소 면적의 변화를 평가하였다. 연구 결과 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 미세경도 값은 I군과 비교하여 II군과 III군에서 약 2배의 증가율이 관찰되었으며, I군과 II군, I군과 III군 사이에서 통계적 유의성을 보였으나(p<0.05), II군과 III군 사이에서는 유의성을 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 2. 색조 측정기를 이용해 관찰한 병소 면적의 변화는 I군과 II군, III군 사이에 통계적 유의성을 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 이상의 결과에서 불소 바니쉬 도포를 통해 백색 병소의 양적, 질적 개선을 얻을 수 있다고 생각되며, 2주 이상의 주기로 도포를 시행하였을 때 좋은 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.187-199
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• 2020

Background: Korean dental hygienists perform various tasks under the supervision of dentists in addition to the tasks listed in the law. Many meaningful studies have been conducted to determine the actual tasks of dental hygienists, but these studies did not show common results due to the differences in research methods or designs. Hence, this study aimed to review the reported data on the tasks of dental hygienists in Korea and to clarify them based on a systematic literature review. Methods: For the literature search, the COre, Standard, and Ideal model presented by the National Library of Medicine was referenced. Seven databases were searched for literatures published in Korea, including PubMed, and Google Scholar. Of the 352 studies found using key words, titles, and abstracts, 46 were finally extracted based on the first and second exclusion criteria. After confirming the tasks of Korean dental hygienists in 46 literatures, 136 tasks were listed and calculated as appearance rate in the literature. Results: The most common tasks in 46 studies were fluoride application (67.2%), radiography (65.4%), scaling (65.4%), sealant (60.7%), patient management and counseling (56.7%), tooth-brushing education (52.2%), impression taking with alginate (50.1%), and making temporary crowns (47.9%). The most mentioned tasks of dental hygienists in public health centers were fluoride application (100%), sealant (100%), oral health education (71.4%), public oral health program evaluation (71.4%), school fluoride mouth-rinsing program (71.4%), water fluoridation (57.1%), tooth-brushing education (57.1%), school oral health programs (57.1%), and public elderly oral health programs (57.1%). Conclusion: This study showed that Korean dental hygienists had 136 tasks by reviewing 46 related studies and that the main job of Korean dental hygienists was oral disease prevention including scaling, sealant, and fluoride application.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1159-1164
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• 2012

A new colorimetric sensors containing thiourea (1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-quinolin-6-ylthiourea; 1) and urea(1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-quinolin-6-ylurea; 2) moieties for fluoride were designed and synthesized. These simple receptors were characterized their stoichiometry, and investigates the mechanism of their selectivity as anion receptors. The addition of tetrabutylammonium fluoride salts to the solution of receptors caused a dramatically and clearly observable color changes from colorless to yellow. To examine their application as anion receptors by UV-vis and $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy results revealed their higher selectivity for fluoride ion than other anions. The receptors and fluoride ion formed a 1:1 stoichiometry complex through strong hydrogen bonding interactions in the first step, followed by a process of deprotonation in presence of an excess of $F^-$ in DMSO solvent.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.429-447
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• 1995

This study was designed to determine the most effective concentration of fluoride and levels of laser irradiation for the remineralization of decayed teeth. After irradiation with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser and the topical application of fluoride, phosphate and fluoride concentration in enamel were measured. And then the changes on surface enamel using an scanning electron microscope were observed. Samples by extraction healthy, permanent, mandibular bovine teeth with no caries were obtained. Among them 371 healthy samples were selected and artificial carious lesions were made. 20 samples were assigned to each experimental group. After irradiation with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with total energy densities of 10J/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 20J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ for each group. On the teeth, 2% NaF, 1.9% NH4F, 1.6% TiF4 Elmex gel(amine fluoride) and 1.23% APF gel were applied. After pH circulatory procedures, concentrations of fluoride with and Ionalyzer (Orion Research, Model 901, USA) and phosphates with an Uv/V is spectrophotometer (Uvikon 860, Kontrom Co, Switzerland) were measured. By etching the teeth in layers and measuring fluoride concentrations, a profile of fluoride penetration according to depth could be developed. And also the changes on the surface of the enamel using an electron scanning microscope were observed. The comparative analysis yielded the following results : 1. Phosphate concentration was low in all groups compared with the control group except for teeth treated Elmex gel, irradiated with 10J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 30J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ energy densities. Teeth treated with APF gel and 30J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ irradiation gad the lowest phosphate concentration. 2. Among all groups, fluoride concentrations in tooth enamel were highest in APF gel and NaF groups irradiated at 30J/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The APF gel group had the highest fluoride concentrations across all energy densities. 3. In the APF gel group, and the NaF group, the greater the energy density of the laser, the higher the fluoride concentrations in the enamel. 4. In all groups, the concentration of fluoride in the enamel by depth tended to decrease with depth. 5. Under the scanning electron microscope, under the condition of irradiation with 20J/$\textrm{cm}^2$, enamel crack was detected for the first time. In the NH4F group, spherical deposits were found on the surface of the enamel, and in the TiF4 group the surface of enamel was covered with an irregular, thin membranous mass in places. In the APF gel and NaF groups irradiated with 10J/$\textrm{cm}^2$, spherical and irregular particles covered the teeth. When these groups were irradiated at 20J/cm2, they were covered with amorphous crystals. These results suggest that one could obtain more effective anticariogenic effects without damage to teeth when less than 20J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ energy densities and APF gel are used.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.412-418
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• 2017

브라켓 주위에 발생되는 법랑질 탈회는 교정 치료 시 극복해야 할 문제 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 교정용 브라켓 부착 시 사용되는 접착제 중 불소를 함유하는 교정용 프라이머의 적용이 법랑질 탈회 예방 및 재광화 유도에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 시행되었다. 건전한 표면을 가진 발치 된 소의 절치 50개를 실험재료로 하여 법랑질 처리 방법에 따라 3개 군으로 분류하였다: (I) 아무처리하지 않은 시편, (II) 불소를 함유한 교정용 프라이머인 Light Bond$^{TM}$로 처리한 시편, (III) 전통적으로 불소를 함유하지 않는 프라이머인 Transbond$^{TM}$ XT Primer로 처리한 시편. 각 군을 인공우식용액에서 탈회시킨 다음 Q-ray view로 관찰하고, 비커스 표면미세경도 측정 및 편광현미경을 이용하여 우식 양상을 평가하였다. 인공 탈회 후 프라이머는 치아 표면에서 떨어져 나가 35 - 50% 잔존하는 것으로 보인다. 표면미세경도는 Light Bond$^{TM}$를 직접 적용한 법랑질 표면에서 가장 높았으나 유의한 차이는 없었다. 하지만 Light Bond$^{TM}$를 적용한 인접부위의 법랑질 표면미세경도는 아무처리를 하지 않은 대조군보다 유의하게 높은 값을 보였다. 편광현미경을 통해 관찰한 소견으로 Light Bond$^{TM}$를 직접 적용한 법랑질 표면은 탈회가 거의 나타나지 않았으며, Light Bond$^{TM}$의 인접부위에서는 가장 얕은 우식 양상과 재광화 소견을 보였다. 이상의 연구결과, 교정치료 시 법랑질 탈회의 발생을 줄이기 위해서 브라켓 부착 시 불소를 함유하는 프라이머의 사용이 유용함을 시사하는 바이다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 자가 미백제로 많이 사용되고 있는 10% CP를 이용하여, 불소가 함유되지 않은 미백제, 불소가 함유된 미백제, 그리고 10% CP로 미백한 후에 불소를 적용하여 하루에 8시간씩 14일 동안 처리함으로써, 치아표면의 색과 미세경도에 미치는 영향을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 색조 변화측정 결과, 대조군을 제외하고 미백 처리한 모든 군에서 치아 미백 후 시간 경과에 따라 $L^*$ 값과 ${\Delta}E^*$ 값에 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.05), 비슷한 수준의 미백효과와 함께 치아의 색조에서 노란색이 감소됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 2. 미백 처리 전후의 법랑질의 표면경도를 분석한 결과 대조군에서는 별 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 미백 처리한 모든 군에서 유의한 미세경도 감소를 보였다(p<0.05). 특히 10% CP군은 가장 낮은 미세경도 수치를 보였고, 미백제에 불소가 함유된 군과 미백 후 불소를 적용한 군은 미세경도 감소폭이 줄어들었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면, 2주간 진행되는 10% CP는 치아미백에 효과적이며, 미백제에 불소를 함유시켜도 미백에는 영향을 주지 않았으며, 표면미세경도는 불소가 함유되지 않은 미백제에 비해 덜 감소했다. 임상에서 미백으로 인한 부작용을 최소화하는데 적정 농도의 불소를 이용해 적용될 수 있도록 더 많은 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제33권1호통권308호
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• pp.27-37
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• 1995