• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.1783-1790
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• 2023

Barium Bismuth Oxide Borate (BBOB) has been synthesized for the first time using solution combustion technique. SEM analysis reveal flower shape of the nanoparticles. The formation of the nanoparticles has been confirmed through XRD & FTIR studies which gives the physical and chemical structure of the novel material. The UV light absorption is observed in the range 200-300 nm. The present study highlights the radiation shielding ability of BBOB for different radiations like X/Gamma rays, Bremsstrauhlung and neutrons. The gamma shielding efficiency is comparable to that of lead in lower energy range and lesser than lead in the higher energy range. The bremsstrauhlung exposure constant is comparably larger for BBOB NPs than that of concrete and steel however it is lesser than that of lead. The beauty of BBOB nanoparticles lies in, high absorption of radiations and low emission of secondary radiations when compared to lead. In addition, the neutron shielding parameters like scattering length, absorption and scattering cross sections of BBOB are found to be much better than lead, steel and concrete. Thus, BBOB nanoparticles are highly efficient in absorbing X/Gamma rays, neutrons and bremsstrauhlung radiations.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.359-374
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• 2024

A high-fidelity numerical analysis methodology was proposed for evaluating the fuel rod cladding integrity of a Prototype Gen IV Sodium Fast Reactor (PGSFR) during normal operation and Design basis events (DBEs). The MARS-LMR code, system transient safety analysis code, was applied to analyze the DBEs. The results of the MARS-LMR code were used as boundary condition for a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The peak temperatures considering HCFs satisfied the cladding temperature limit. The temperature and pressure distributions were calculated by ANSYS CFX code, and applied to structural analysis. Structural analysis was performed using ANSYS Mechanical code. The seismic reactivity insertion SSE accident among DBEs had the highest peak cladding temperature and the maximum stress, as the value of 87 MPa. The fuel cladding had over 40 % safety margin, and the strain was below the strain limit. Deformation behavior was elucidated for providing relative coordinate data on each active fuel rod center. Bending deformation resulted in a flower shape, and bowing bundle did not interact with the duct of fuel assemblies. Fuel rod maximum expansion was generated with highest stress. Therefore, it was concluded that the fuel rod cladding of the PGSFR has sufficient structural safety margin during DBEs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.28
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• pp.239-253
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• 1996

The purpose of this dissertation is to exam-ine the hippie look which is one of the most popular fashion trends in the early 90s, in re-lation to the hippie style in 60s and cultural restoration. in order to investigate the re-lationship this dissertation studies the trans-feral phenomenon of anti-fashion into mother fashion in the basis of social and clutural theories. hippie culture is the anti-culture which appeared in America in the late 60s, it tried to create a new culture by subverting the ruling class culture with their combative life style and peculiar appearance which are distinguished from mother culture. First of all to examine the inner symbolic meaning and outer shape of the hippie style I divided the characteristics of the hippies into ideology social value and attitude on sex. in the aspect of ideology the hippie show strong subjectivity while mother culture shows ob-jectivity. in social value the hippie has the resisting chaacteristics while mother culture has the conformative characteristics. In the aspect of sex the hippie tries to break the fixed idea of mother culture. Hippie culture as anti-culture is symbolically expressed in hippie style fashion which is dif-ferent from mother fashion in shape. There-fore the inner meaning and the outer shape of the hippie style shows strong characteristics of anti-fashion. Hippie style as anti-fashion has an effect on high fashion in the late 60s and the early 70s and on hippie look which is restored in 90s. however hippie-look in 90s is a mother-fashion in which all symbolic mean-ings of the hippie style are weakened and the only outer shape of hippie style is presented and suggested. It doesn't show any cultural backgrounds ideology social value and new attitude on sex of the hippies. The transferal phenomenon of anti-fashion into mother-fashion is summarized as follows. First in the process of tranference to highfashion in 60s and 70s and hippie-look in 90s the resistance of the hippie style is weakened and only suggested through the outer look. Second the hippie style which reappeared in the high fashion and mother fashion in 90s are layered look military uniform mode flower print grunge look romantic look peasant look ethnic look gypsy style handicraft ornaments working suit style handicraft ornaments working suit style and the use of the see-through cloth. Third the fact that the popular and high fashion were influenced by anti fashion in 60s proves filter-up theory in fashion adaption theory. As I examined before the ideology of the hippies are faded in high fashion in 60s-70s and hippie-look in 90s. The symbolic meaning of the hippie style is also weakened and only presented as a fashion trend.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2007

This study was conducted to examine the pattern and characteristics of flowering and leaf emergence for twenty two kinds of the genus of Lycoris sp. One species of Lycoris was flowered on July to August, twelve species on August, and nine species on September. Shape of flowers were as follows : Nine species belong to L. radiara-shaped flower, seven species L. squamigera-shaped flower, and seven species the intermediate type. Flower color of three kind were an order of descent red and pink. seven kind white, four kind yellow, three kind orange, and two kind purple colors. Ten Lycoris species were good fertile, and two kinds were poor fertile. The average length of pollen grain was ranged from $48.53\;to\;88.62{\mu}m$, and the width from $22.87\;to\;33.67{\mu}m$. Eleven kinds were spring-leaf emergence type, and ten kind autumn-leaf emergence types. Hunter values in leaves were as follows : $L^*$ value was ranged from 31.6 to 45.2; $a^*$ values from -6.74 to -17.46; $b^*$ values from 6.19 to 21.89 Leaf width was ranged from 0.90 to 2.35cm, and its shape was oblong. The length of epidermal cells was 0.33 to 0.75mm, and the width was $38.53\;to\;90.00{\mu}m$. Most of stomata were distributed in the back side of leaves. The length of stomata was ranged from $67.12\;to\;104.89{\mu}m$, and its width was from $14.90\;to\;71.52{\mu}m$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.18-27
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• 2016

A 'flowered-wall,' which are also called a 'flower plant patterned wall,' or a 'flower patterned wall,' is a wall of a building or a fence with various patterns on it. A flowered-wall can be an external mean to look into the owner's authority and values while internally it possesses the symbolic meaning of wishing the well-being and peace of the household. In the research area of the flowered-wall, the walls located in the palace were well researched in various studies across architecture, horticulture, and art design, however, the walls belonging to the local regional traditional folk houses and temples have been involved in little to no research in the landscape architectural area. Taking notice of this perspective this study researched and analyzed the cases of the flowered-walls of the traditional folk houses and the temples that belonged to the national and municipal cultural properties of Jeollabuk-do Province from the landscape architectural perspective. The whole samples were examined and it was shown that there were 9 traditional folk houses with flowered-walls. Among the temples there were 7 cases. Therefore the research focusing on tracing the shape and symbolic meaning of the flowered-walls in the 16 cultural properties located in the Jeollabuk-do Province which consisted of traditional folk houses and temples resulted in the following. Flowered-walls displayed hierarchical differentiation revolving around the main space and its spacial characteristic. This differentiation is variously displayed across the flowered-wall, gable, crack plastering, and chimney. In the case of the folk houses the symbols have the meaning of the prosperity of the household and progeny, exorcism, longevity, number of fortune, harmony, and peace etc that prays for practical wishes such as long life and good health with the prosperity of their descendants. Meanwhile in the temples, symbols indicating an easy passage into eternity, perpetuation of the Buddha-nature, and three marks of existence are applied, differentiating from the folk houses by the appliance of the religious values in the patterns. In conclusion this research resulted in the rightful illumination on the local landscape culture, the possibility of expressing the Korean sentiment through flowered-walls in the contemporary space, the reassessment of flowered-walls, and the provision of basic data for a plan to success the cultural heritage.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.4 s.29
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• pp.199-204
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• 1976

Canna nosaic X bodies, which do not exist in tissues of the healthy plant and are originating in cells of virus infected Canna (Canna generalis BAILEY) with mosaic symptom, are easily observed under microscope through application of vital staining for 2-3 minutes with $1\%$ eosin of $H_2O$ solution added with slight amount of $CH_3COOH$ and distinguishing with N/5HCl followed by washing to inspect. The result of this experiment is summarized as following: 1) The X bodies are observed not only in epiermal cells of leaf of the mosaic virus infected Canna but in those of leaf sheath, stem, and root also, and it is expected that the X bodies are to exist in the flower cells of the disease infected Canna which were missed in this experiment. 2) Shape and nature of X bodies are not constant; in early stage of the disease development, the X bodies have equal contents and vague contour with their small size and round shape, but along with progress of the disease development they attain granular contents and clear contour with their increasing sige and defining shape in cytoplasm. In case of same individual pant, fully developed X. bodies. are increasing in cytoplasm in propoition to severity of mosaic and nettling of the diseased leaf. 3) The staining character of X bodies to eosin is more dense than that of nuclei; Xbodies are stained light red or red while nuclei are stained yellowish brown or light red. 1) It is assumed to be a result of cytoplasmic concentration around nucleus that X bodies are usunlly developed adjacent to nucleus and they are considered to be a cytoplasmic prodct. 5) Thus, I confirm that X bodies originsting in canna plant cells infected with mosaic virus aye multipling in the alive cells.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.590-597
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• 2013

Principle component and emission localization of volatile compounds were investigated according to scent intensity of rose flower. Scent intensity in cultivars and bred-line of Rosa hybrida was divided into three levels; light ('Feel Lip', 'Venus Berry'), medium ('GR07-135'), strong ('Honey Blue'). The major volatile compounds were different depending on the cultivars and selected line; 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT), benzene, 1,3,5-trimethoxy ('Feel Lip'), megastigma-4,6(Z),8(E)-triene ('Venus Berry'), DMT, benzene,1-ethenyl-4-methoxyand, phenylethylalcohol ('GR07-135') and germacrene-D, DMT ('Honey Blue'). The adaxial epidermal cells were conical papillate shape, whereas the abaxial epidermal cells were flat shape. The adaxial epidermal cells of 3 cultivars and 1 selected line were surrounded by thick cell wall and covered by waxy cuticle of 2 cultivars and 1 selected line (except 'Honey Blue'). The adaxial epidermal cells contained starches in 'Feel Lip', osmiophlic droplets in 'Venus Berry', starchs, plastids, vacuoles in 'GR07-135' and plastoglobules, plastids, vacuoles in 'Honey Blue'. Based on these results, it appears that plastids and vacuoles in adaxial epidermal cells with conical papillate shape are associated production and emission of volatile compounds in scent R. hybrida.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.489-493
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the potentiality of various Korean Sedum species as ornamental plants based on morphological characteristics and to analyze the genetic relationship among the Sedum species. S. kamtschaticum and S. takesimense possessing splendour flowercluster with yellow color could be suggested for garden plant, S. routundifolium having pink flower-clusters with round leaf shape for pot flower or garden plant and S. sarmentosum, S. polystichoides and S. oryzifolium with creeping stem and low plant height for ground cover plant or floral carpet. Eighteen oligonucleotide random primers were used to amplify genomic DNA of Sedum species using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ninety five polymorphic bands among 125 different DNA fragments in the range of 224 to 3,675 base pairs were obtained from RAPD analysis. Similarity matrix of RAPD profiles was generated by coefficient value of variation, and the data were subjected to be cluster analysis. Fifteen lines of Sedum species analyzed were classified into 3 groups with the similarity coefficient value of 0.418, and 12 groups with the value of 0.328. RAPD results showed similar trends as the morphological characteristics of the plants.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.292-297
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• 2015

A new cultivar of Hibiscus 'Red Bohanjae' (Hibiscus syriacus 'Red Bohanjae') was developed after crossing between Hibiscus syriacus 'Andong' (♀) with white flowers and Hibiscus syriacus 'Samchully' (♂) with pink flowers to improve flower quality and growth habit. The Hibiscus breeding program was initiated in 2002, and H. syriacus 'Red Bohanjae' was preliminarily selected as '02-RV-17' in 2003 due to its stable flower quality with rich pink flowers and small tree type. The selected line was further evaluated for growth characteristics, leaf shape, leaf size, flowering characteristics, and tested for distinctness, homogeneity, and stability during 2004-2007. The characteristics preserved by grafting. 'Red Bohanjae' showed a small growth habit with slightly upright branches. The tree had potential use as a potted plant or bonsai because of its dwarf form. The new cultivar 'Red Bohanjae' had violet-pink color flowers (RHS N78C) with red eye spots, small size (9.2 cm) and spatulate (I-type) petals. Leaves were 4.2 cm long and 2.3 cm wide. After the evaluation of plant characteristics for 3 years (2005-2007), it was registered as cultivar 'Red Bohanjae' (4118, plant variety protection rights number) in 2012. 'Red Bohanjae' having violet-pink flowers with red eye and dwarf tree form seems to be suitable for pot or bonsai cultivation in both indoor and outdoor conditions.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.258-263
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of number of the lower scaffold limbs on tree growth, light penetration, fruit yield, and fruit quality in slender spindle in 6-year-old 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees. With regard to the growth by the numbers of the lower scaffold limbs, the width of the tree was wide and the growth of new shoots was increased when the number of the lower scaffold limbs was five. Compare with other treatments, five lower scaffold limbs showed high light-interception on the upper (150 cm above the ground) and middle (100 cm above the ground) canopy. There was no difference in the total number of the flower buds of the spurs according to the number of scaffold limbs, but the number and cross section area of flower bud on the lower canopy (120 cm above the ground) were increased where the number of the lower scaffold limbs was five. Fruit yield was highest in the treated with five lower scaffold limbs and fruit weight tended to increase where the number of the lower scaffold limbs was five or eight. With regard to fruit quality, there showed no difference in fruit shape index, firmness, acid content, Hunter L and b value according to the location of canopy and the number of the lower scaffold limbs, but the content of soluble solids was highest treated with five lower scaffold limbs. Hunter a value indicating fruit color was found to be highest treated with five lower scaffold limbs whose light interception was highest.