• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.257-284
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• 1989

This study was carried out to characterize pinus densiflora forests in middle province (Mt. Seolag, Mt. Taebaik) south province (Mt. Sokli, Mt. Jiri) and south-coast province (Mt. Daedun) of Korea. The appearance species in the P. densiflora alliance included 325 taxa and varied according to the direction of slopes. The steeper the slope was, the fewer number of taxa were observed. The floristic composition of south-coast province was gradually changing to the south hemispheric factors. Dominant species groups of P. densiflora alliance were classified into P. densiflora, Quercus serrata ( layer), Rhus trichocarpa ( layer), Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tomentella (S layer), Artemisia keiskeana, Carex humilis var. nana, Spodiopogon sibiricus (K layer). Quercus variabilis, Fraxinus sieboldiana and Styrax japonica association were formed under the P. densiflora alliance. Quercus, Rhus, Lespedeza and Rhododendron groups maintained high ecological relationships one another. The soil factors (pH, organic matters, and water field capacity)and relative light intensity tended to show negative correlation, which were significantly different among provinces. The P. densiflora forests of Korea were classified into one alliance and four associations, that is, pinion densiflorae Suz.-Tok. 1966, Quercetum variabilae ass. nov., Quercetum mongolicae ass. nov. Fraxinetum sieboldianae ass. nov. and Styraxetum japonicae ass. nov.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 1997

A study of forest vegetation in Mt. $T\v{o}kyu$ National Park was investigated by ordination technique. By TWINSPAN(Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis) method, 10 groups were recognized as follows: pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata, Quercus mongolica-Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Quercus mongolica-Abies koreana, Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudo-sieboldi-amum, Quercus mongolica-Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, Carpinus laxiflora, Fraxinus mandshurica and Taxus cuspidata groups. The floristic composition of these groups showed high correlation to soil moisture(r=0.831), altitude(r=0.784), topography(r=-0.722), organic matter(r=0.642), and pH(r=-0.509) among various environmental factors. According to the results of CCA(Canonical Correspondence Analysis) Pinus densiflora group and Quercus variabilis group were situated in a xeric area at a lower altitude where soil nutrients were poor compared with the other groups. Fraxinus mandshurica group was distributed throughout the valley with high soil moisture and good nutrients, Quercus serrata group and Carpinus laxiflora group were found in the low altitude region with good nutrients, Quercus mongolica group, at the high altitude region with good nutrients, and Quercus mongolica-Acer koreana and Taxus cuspidata at higher altitudes(1, 400-1600 m).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.472-478
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• 2009

Pine (Pinus densiflora) forests of 58 sites on the ridge of the Baekdudaegan, South Korea were classified by applying the phytosociological method and TWINSPAN. The floristic composition and life-form characteristics of the vegetation types analyzed and documented. The vegetation types were classified into five groups including four groups of Carex humilis var nana type and one group of Abies koreana-Sasa borealis type. Compositae was the most diverse family (26 species), Liliaceae (21 species), Rosaceae (18 species) and Betulaceae (11 species) whereas 27 families were represented by only one species. Taxonomically, Compositae was the most diverse (17 genera), Liliaceae and Rosaceae(12 genera) whereas 41 families were represented by only one genus. The Fagaceae was the most important family in total coverage (19.0) and followed Pinaceae (16.7) and Ericaceae (15.1). Five families such as Compositae, Liliaceae, Rosaceae, Betulaceae, and Umbelliferae contributed little to total coverage, although represented by numerous species. In the correlation between species richness and life forms, the species richness was highly correlated with growth and disseminule forms. In general, the correlation coefficients between life forms represented lower values than those between species richness and life-forms.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2005

The dynamics and distribution characteristics of Coryjopsis coreana popujation at Cheongsogol, Sunchon, Cholanam-do, Korea, were investigated. The Coryiopsis coreana pop ulation was distributed along the forest edge and it showed characteristics which were distributed on only directional slopes of the north, northeast or northwest. The Coryjopsis coreana constituted subtree or shrub layer in the forest, and its floristic composition was basically similar to those of adjacent areas where the species does not exist. The number of stump was 6.25 per $25\;m^2$, and each stump had 3 sproutings in average. The density of the Corylopsis coreana population in the study area was lower than that in other area, which suggests the population is declining in the study area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2008

The characterization of tree species and forest stand conditions is useful in the planning of activities aimed to conserve biodiversity. The main objective of this study was to describe tree species diversity, species composition and stand structure of tropical deciduous forests distributed in three regions in Myanmar. Forest inventory was conducted in the Oktwin teak bearing forest, the Letpanpin community forest and Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park. According to the Jackknife estimator of species richness, 85 species (${\pm}18.16$), 70 species (${\pm}5.88$) and 186 species (${\pm}17.10$) belonging to 31 families were found in the Oktwin teak bearing forest, 33 families in Letpanpin community forest and 53 families in Alaungdaw Kathapa national park, respectively. Shannon's diversity indices were significantly different among the forests (p<0.05). It ranged from 3.36 to 4.36. Mean tree density (n/ha) of the Oktwin teak bearing forest, Letpanpin community forest and Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park were 488 (${\pm}18.6$), 535 (${\pm}15.6$) and 412 (${\pm}14.1$), while basal areas per hectare were $46.96m^2({\pm}3.23),\;49.01m^2({\pm}5.08)\;and\;60.03m^2({\pm}3.88)$, respectively. At the family level, Verbenaceae, Myrtaceae and Combretaceae occupied the highest importance value index, while at the species level it was Tectona grandis, Lagerstoremia speciosa and Xylia xylocarpa.

• ALGAE
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 2007

This study is intended to clarify the effects of heated effluents on intertidal benthic marine algal community in Korea. The species composition and biomass of marine algae at the discharge canal of Gori nuclear power plant on the southeastern coast of Korea were investigated seasonally from February 2001 to October 2006. As a result, 54 species (7 blue-green, 12 green, 9 brown and 26 red algae) of marine algae were found at the discharge canal during the past six years. In general, the number of species observed was abundant during winter to spring and less in autumn. Enteromorpha compressa, E. intestinalis, E. prolifera and Caulacanthus ustulatus were common species found more than 80% frequency during the study period. Seasonal fluctuations of mean biomass were 1-440 g dry wt m–2 and dominant species in biomass were Enteromorpha spp. (contribution to a total biomass proportion 28%), Sargassum horneri (14%) and Amphiroa beauvoisii (14%). It is evident from the floristic composition and biomass data that unique micro-environment of the discharge canal support different communities from those on the intake or control area. Results from the large numbers of surveys before and during plant operation showed that, in the regions influenced by thermal effluents such as the discharge canal of power plants, the process of ecological succession has been proceeded. It is assumed that the uni-directional water flow and the time of overhaul largely affect the development and succession of benthic marine algal communities of the discharge canal.

• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.453-461
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• 2006

This study is intended to clarify the structure and seasonal dynamics of warm tolerant benthic marine algal community in Korea. The species composition and biomass of marine algae at the discharge canal of Wolseong nuclear power plant on the East Coast of Korea were investigated seasonally from February 2001 to October 2005. As a result, 43 species (6 blue-green, 8 green, 9 brown and 20 red algae) of marine algae were found at the discharge canal during the past five years. In general, the number of species observed was abundant during winter to summer and less in autumn. Lyngbya confervoides and Enteromorpha compressa always occurred at the discharge canal during the past five years, and Oscillatoria brevis, Padina arborescens and Caulacanthus ustulatus were common species found more than 80% frequency during the study period. Seasonal fluctuations of mean biomass were 2-659 g dry wt m–2 and dominant species in biomass were Caulacanthus ustulatus (contribution to a total biomass proportion 37%), Enteromorpha compressa (26%) and Padina arborescens (24%). Results showed that, in the floristic composition, the green algae occurred as common algal group at the discharge canal of Wolseong nuclear power plant. In the quantitative aspect, however, the red algae such as Caulacanthus ustulatus and Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis appeared as predominant group at the discharge canal, in contrast to Kori nuclear power plant where there was a definite green algal dominance. Differences in algal communities developed at the discharge canals of three nuclear power plants on the East Coast of Korea can probably be related to local environmental factors.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.499-515
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to understand phytosociological characteristics and changes, providing basic ecology informations based for heronries. We investigated the 25 heronries sites to have more than a hundred nests in the country. The vegetations of heronries were arranged 8 plant communities that consisted of 60 families, 129 genuses and 167 species including 17 species of exotic species. The communities of heronries were composed of high NCD (Net Contribution Degree) of plants, such as pokeberry (Phytolacca americana), japanese chaff flower (Achyranthes japonica), asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis) including diagnosis species, that was heliophilous and tolerance of eutrophic and/or acidic soil condition, and had the highest composition with the annual plants. As locational condition, they were distributed a favorite feeding place (rice field, stream etc.) inside 0.5 km radius, and located on the eastern slope of the mountain. The vegetative composition among plants in the heronries didn't have plant sociological characteristics for environmental conditions of the sites. But generally, they had trends in floristic composition like the areas of polluted soil, open canopy and disturbance.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.229-248
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Jaamsan on the Gyeongsang supergroup, Korea. From the results of eight field surveys from March to October 2017, we have identified 530 total taxa, representing 483 species, eight subspecies, 35 varieties, two forms, and two hybrids, which were placed in 325 genera and 110 families. The plant formation of Mt. Jaamsan is the deciduous broad-leaved and conifer mixed forests, which are the common ones in the middle part of the Korean Peninsula. Most of the mountain is covered with young secondary forest, which is mainly composed of Quercus spp., and Pinus. Out of these 530 taxa, 12 are endemic to Korea, 17 taxa are listed on the Korean Red List of threatened species, 65 are floristic target species, and 55 are invasive alien species. The percentage of naturalized index(NI) and urbanization index (UI) were 10.4% and 17.2%, respectively. Mt. Jaamsan has a high plant diversity, including endemic and rare species, which consist of geomorphological landscapes. We considered that the composition and distribution of species are affected by the different environmental factors according to the sedimentary rocks, drying ridges, valleys, and streams. Together with the rocks and soils were the substrate type that play a major role in providing the unique habitats for sun plants in the area.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 2017

This study is examined river naturality and vegetative composition of river riparian zones to identify their most important sources of variation. Information on plant species cover and on physical characteristics that occur at upper, medium, and low areas was collected for 30 riparian plots located throughout the Youngjeong River in Korea. The riparian areas of river banks are dominated by mixed sediment and the vegetation is composed of herbs, shrub, and trees. The floristic characterization of riparian at this river during 2015 season was identified with a total of 28 families, 72 genera, 75 species, 13 varieties, 23 associations. The vegetations of low water's edge and flood way at upper region were naturally formed various vegetation communities by natural erosion. Forty plant species were identified around the upper region, where the dominant growth form was mostly trees. The flood way vegetation at middle region was both of natural vegetation and artificial vegetation. Land uses in riparian zones river levee at low region were bush or grassland as natural floodplain. The values of cover-abundance at upper, middle, and low region were total 9.26, 7.24, and 7.56, respectively. Grasses and forbs at the Youngjeong River have similar cover-abundance values. Recent, many riparian areas of this river have been lost or degraded for commercial and industrial developments. Thus, monitoring for biological diversity of plant species of this river is necessary for an adaptive management approach and the successful implementation of ecosystem management.