• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 2022

A study was designed to investigate the pattern of sexual dimorphism in a plantation of Garcinia kola. Twenty trees were randomly selected for the study and have been observed to flower regularly. A total of 100 inflorescence were randomly collected from the crown of each tree and 500 flowers randomly assessed within the period of four (4) flowering seasons. Floral sex assessment was done visually and with a hand magnifying lens; floral morphometric measurements (i.e. pedicel and perianth length and breadth), inflorescence length, and breadth) was taken using a veneer caliper; number of flowers per inflorescence and inflorescence per twig was counted; while, data analysis was conducted on excel using analysis of variance and pairwise t-test comparison. Four floral sexes were identified in the G. kola plantation studied which were unisexual male flowers, unisexual female flowers, cosexual unisexual male flowers, and cosexual hermaphrodite flowers. Three tree sexes were identified viz: inconstant male, invariant female, and cosexual trees. The plantation was significantly sexually dimorphic in floral sex and phenotypic traits (i.e. pedicel and perianth size), and as well as sexually dimorphic in tree sex and reproductive phenotypic traits (i.e. inflorescence size, number of inflorescences per twig, and number of flower bud per inflorescence). The sexual system of the plantation was therefore trioecious with features suggestive of evolving dioecy through the gynodioecious pathway.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제94권2호통권159호
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2005

The objectives of this study were to identify the period of initiation of floral primordia in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and subsequent development of floral buds until following spring. Four mature trees of black locust located in Suwon, Korea were selected. Bud samples were collected from the current-year shoots, starting from mid June to July every week, from August to October and from February to April every month. The buds were fixed in FAA solution, dehydrated, and imbedded in paraffin for microscopic observation. Buds collected on June 16, and 23, 1997, contained primitive primordia that might be interpreted as early floral primordia. By June 30, a bud showed a positive indication of inflorescence primordium with a well-formed shoot apex. All the inflorescence primordia observed throughout the collection periods were always associated with unique hairy appendages around the primordium and enclosed within a sclerenchymatous chamber. By July 7 and 15, a floral apex had early bud scales. By July 22, primitive inflorescence developed into visible arrangement of individual floral primordial By July 29, the inflorescence developed into whirl arrangement of individual floral primordia in a transverse section, but showed little further development until October 15. The inflorescence primordia seemed to over-winter at this stage. Buds collected from February 15 and March 24 the following year also showed no further development of inflorescence primordia. By April 7 the inflorescence started to show further development with elongated axis. At this time individual flowers were easily recognized.

• 인간식물환경학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the current state and symbolic meanings of floral emblem designation in local governments of South Korea. The scope of local governments subject to analysis was limited to special city, metropolitan city, province, self-governing province, city, self-governing city, county and district based on their administrative divisions. The floral emblems of local governments and their symbolic meanings as of 2019 were examined. A total of 44 plant species were designated as floral emblems. Many plant species with high designation frequency were included in Rhododendron spp., Rosa spp., Camellia spp., Magnolia spp., and Prunus spp.. Plant species with higher designation frequency tended to have more symbolic meanings. A total of 155 terms were used for the symbolic meanings assigned to all the designated floral emblems. The major symbolic meanings were relevant to material affluence or economic growth, community spirit, and personality generally required from local residents. Most of the plant species linked to the top 10 most frequently assigned terms in symbolic meaning were those of the top 10 most frequently designated floral emblems. In the case of floral emblems with high designation frequency, it was shown that they were linked with various symbolic meanings in order to grant identity with regional distinctiveness and differentiation, regardless of the symbolic meaning that the designated flowers generally have. However, the floral emblems with low designation frequency seem to have relatively strong physical or emotional relevance with local governments and thus are expected to have high utilization in regional branding and tourism marketing.

• 한국화예디자인학연구
• /
• 제37호
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 정원용 유실수를 선발하고자 왕보리수와 알프스오토메, 매실나무, 블랙커런트, 블랙베리, 레카블루베리 6종의 생육특성을 비교조사하고 관수와 차광처리에 따른 생육반응을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 월동 후 생존율은 왕보리수와 알프스오토메, 매실나무, 블랙베리 4종이 95.0% 이상을 나타낸 반면 블랙커런트는 가장 낮은 56.0%를 나타냈다. 식재 9개월 후 성장률은 매실나무가 62.3%의 가장 높게 나타난 반면 왕보리수는 정체상태이었다. 개화율은 왕보리수와 알프스오토메, 블랙베리, 레카블루베리에서 80.0% 이상을 나타냈으나 블랙커런트는 개화주가 없었다. 개화기간은 20일인 왕보리수를 제외한 4종은 약 10일 이었고 개화 후 결실율은 종 간 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 수종 간 내건성과 내음성을 알아보고자 차광처리와 점적관수를 처리를 한 결과 왕보리수와 알프스오토메에서 엽면적과 엽중이 뚜렷하게 증가한 반면 나머지 종들은 처리에 따른 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 다양한 유실수를 선발하여 정원환경에 따른 부합하는 수종을 선택할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.567-575
• /
• 2009

본 실험은 미생물이 포함되어있는 환경 친화적인 상업용 유기질비료(compost)를 2년 동안시용함으로서, 토양 내 화학성과 '신고' 배 수체생장을 향상시킬 수 있는 지를 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 시판된 유기질 비료 처리는 토양 내 미생물생체량과 토양 pH, 유기물함량, 그리고 양이온 치환용량을 관행재배 구에 비해서 증가시켰다. 유기질 비료 처리에 의해 개선된 토양환경은 엽 내 무기성분 함량에는 크게 영향을 미치지 못했으나, 엽 두께를 증가키시고, 엽과 꽃눈 수를 증가시킴으로서, 배 수체생장에 크게 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제100권2호
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 2011

단풍나무속에 흔하다고 알려진 이형자웅이숙현상을 파악해 보고자, 원주지역에 생육 중인 뜰단풍(Acer palmatum var. matsumurae) 101주를 대상으로 성 형태, 결실특성 및 종자활력에 대하여, 2010년 4월 초순부터 10월 하순까지 조사하였다. 101주의 뜰단풍 중에서 74개체(73.3%)에서는 수꽃이 먼저 개화하고, 암술은 흔적기관인 웅예선숙(雄蕊先熟)개체 (Protandrous, PA)였으며, 27개체(26.7%)는 암꽃이 먼저 개화하고, 수술이 소실되는 웅예선숙(雄蕊先熟) 개체(Protgynous, PG)로 뜰단풍은 이형자웅이숙(異型雌雄異熟: heterodichogamy)하는 것이 밝혀졌다. 성형태에 따른 화서당 꽃 수와 종자셑 수는 통계적 유의차가 인정되었으며, 웅예선숙 개체가 자예선숙 개체보다 많았다. 건전종자와 부후종자의 비율에서는 성 형태 간의 통계적 유의성이 인정되었다. 건전종자의 비율이 웅예선숙 개체에서 46.4%였으며, 자예선숙 개체에서는 65.6%로 나타났다. 부후종자의 비율은 웅예선숙 개체에서는 49.6%였으며, 자예선숙 개체에서는 23.6%로 나타났다. 성형태간의 부후종자율의 차이는 암꽃의 개화시기와 종실가해 해충들의 활동시기와 관련이 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.28-42
• /
• 2023

Seed dispersal supports community structure, maintains genetic connectivity across fragmented landscapes, and influences vegetation assemblages. In the Philippines, only two seed dispersal studies have compared different dispersal agents. We examined the seed dispersal patterns of water, wind, birds, and bats in the Caliraya Watershed, Philippines. We aimed to determine the floral species that were dispersed and how the forest characteristics influenced seed dispersal. By running seed rain traps and drift litter collection from March to June 2022, we analyzed 14,090 seeds in a privately owned study site within the watershed. Water did not exclusively disperse any species and acted as a secondary disperser. Seed density (seeds/trap) was significantly higher for bird-dispersed (n=166) and bat-dispersed (n=145) seeds than for wind-dispersed (n=79) seeds (One-way analysis of variance [ANOVA]: F_2,87=16.21, P<0.0001). Species number (species/trap) was significantly higher for bird-dispersed (n=3.7) and bat-dispersed (n=3.9) seeds than for wind-dispersed (n=0.2) seeds (One-way ANOVA: F_2,87 =16.67, P<0.0001). Birds dispersed more species because they are more diverse and access a wider variety of fruits, unlike bats. Birds and bats target different fruits and provide separate seed dispersal services. Generalized linear model analyses revealed that the number and basal area of fleshy fruit trees most strongly influenced the bird seed dispersal patterns. Therefore, we recommend a three-way approach to restoration efforts in the Caliraya Watershed: (1) ensure the presence of fleshy fruit trees in restoration zones, (2) assist the establishment of mid-successional and wind-dispersed trees, and (3) intensify the conservation efforts for both flora and faunal diversity.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.39-54
• /
• 2016

The present study analyzes the diversity and usage of NTFPs and evaluates their importance in the day to day life of the people of rural Meghalaya. People use 172 NTFPs belonging to 139 plant species mainly for food, medicine and fuelwood and to a lesser extent for construction, handicrafts and ornamental purpose. These 139 plants belonged to 117 genera and 70 families with Rosaceae, Poaceae and Fagaceae families as the dominant NTFP yielding families. Fruits from shrubs and trees are most commonly harvested by people. Collection and availability of NTFPs for use as food are more during the summer season, which is also the period with least availability of job. NTFPs for subsistence use are greater in number than those having commercial value. The most commonly harvested plant parts are fruits and leaves. Roots, rhizomes and whole plants are extracted in lesser quantity which is a positive approach from sustainability point of view. NTFPs and other forest products also form a vital part of the rural household's income generation activities.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제2호2호
• /
• pp.99-118
• /
• 1971

The flora of Mt. Du Ryun were investigated by the authors from November 3, 1955 to July 21, 1970. 1) Mt. Du Ryun is located at Heanam-Gun, Junla-Nam Do, Korea (between longitude $126^{\circ}\;35'\;E$ and $126^{\circ}40'{\;}E$, and between $34^{\circ}25'$ N.L. and $34^{\circ}30'$ N.L. on the latitude.). Average temperature is $14.1^{\circ}C$, and precipitation per annum 1,488.7mm. 2) On the whole, the observed floral region consisted of 5 formas, 56 varieties, 770 species, 440 genera, 159 families, in 86 orders. 3) The medicinal plants in the area include 321 species, 242 genera and 120 families. 4) The region includes 2 formas, 7 varieties, 30 species in 24 families of evergreen trees. It was pointed out that this area is a typical warm zone in the Korean flora.

• 한국화예디자인학연구
• /
• 제40호
• /
• pp.45-61
• /
• 2019

본 논문에서는 공간을 이루는 모든 것을 보여주는 '메종 & 오브제' 전시회의 최근 경향을 알아보고 이러한 '그린어메너티'가 적용된 사례를 찾아보았다. 형태적 측면에서 미니멀한 공간을 곡선의 형태로 채웠고 점차 자연을 재현하는 디자인이 제작되었다. 점차 새롭게 맥시멀리즘이 대두되어 디자인에 장식적인 요소가 가미되어 공예적인 제품이 많이 나타났다. 재료적 측면에서는 자연주의 감성이 대세로 자연적인 목재소재가 주로 사용되었다. 이러한 재료는 다양한 이질재료와 결합하여 새로운 디자인을 완성하며 자연적 요소를 공간 안에 형상화하였다. 색채적 측면에서는 2016년은 테마가 '와일드 (Wild)'로 야생자연을 체험할 수 있는 공간을 볼 수 있었다. 나무의 갈색과 초록색을 중심으로 자연의 다채로운 색채를 보여주었다. 2017년의 '사일런스 (Silence)'는 핑크 컬러의 특징이 돋보인다. 또한 따뜻한 느낌의 적갈색 계열의 가구가 제작되었다. 예전엔 황동이나 로즈 골드가 유행이었다면 2017년은 골드나 실버 색상의 제품이 더 대세를 보였다. 2018년은 '쇼룸(Show-Room)'이 테마로 대표 색채는 초록색으로 노랑, 분홍과 함께 새롭게 디자인에 영향 주었다.