• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.1066-1078
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• 2020

The present paper describes an analytic solution procedure for flexural vibration of a rotationally restrained hinged-hinged Timoshenko beam at the supports during an earthquake. Focusing on maximal magnitudes of internal loads such as bending moment and shearing force under wide variations of two parameters, kL/EI and kGAL²/EI, various beams under synchronous and asynchronous support motions are simulated. The simulations under asynchronous support motions show the following facts. The variations of the maximal magnitudes of internal loads of stocky beams due to the variation of kL/EI from zero to infinity show much wider variations than those of slender beams as kGAL²/EI decreases. The maximal magnitudes of internal loads of a beam tend to be governed by their static components as kL/EI increases and kGAL²/EI decreases. When the internal loads are governed by their static components, maximal magnitudes of internal loads of the stocky tend to increase monotonically as the value of kL/EI increases. However, the simulations under synchronous support motions show the static components of the internal loads vanish and the internal loads are governed by dynamic components irrespective of the two parameters.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2019

A novel asymmetrical resistance friction damper (ARFD) was proposed in this study to be applied on a rocking column base. The damper comprises multiple steel plates and was fastened using high-strength bolts. The sliding surfaces can be switched into one another and can cause strength to be higher in the loading direction than in the unloading direction. By combining the asymmetrical resistance with the restoring resistance that is generated due to an axial load on the column, the rocking column base can develop a self-centering behavior and achieve high connection strength. Cyclic tests on the ARFD proved that the damper performs a stable asymmetrical hysteretic loop. The desired hysteretic behavior was achieved by tuning the bolt pretension force and the diameter of the round bolt hole. In this study, full-scale, flexural tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the column base and to verify the analytical model. The results indicated that the column base exhibits a stable self-centering behavior up to a drift angle of 4%. The decompression moment and maximum strength reached 42% and 88% of the full plastic moment of the section, respectively, under a column axial force ratio of approximately 0.2. The strengths and self-centering capacity can be obtained by determining the bolt pretension force. The analytical model results revealed good agreement with the experimental results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.895-905
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• 2022

Composite flooring systems consisting of cold-formed steel joists and reinforced concrete slabs offer an efficient, lightweight solution. However, utilisation of composite action to achieve enhanced strength and economical design has been limited. In this study, finite element modelling was utilised to create a three-dimensional model which was then validated against experimental results for a composite flooring system consisting of cold-formed steel joists, reinforced concrete slab and steel bolt shear connectors. This validated numerical model was then utilised to perform parametric studies on the performance of the structural system. The results from the parametric study demonstrate that increased thickness of the concrete slab and increased thickness of the cold formed steel beam resulted in higher moment capacity and stiffness of the composite flooring system. In addition, reducing the spacing of bolts and spacing of the cold formed steel beams both resulted in enhanced load capacity of the composite system. Increasing the concrete grade was also found to increase the moment capacity of the composite flooring system. Overall, the results show that an efficient, lightweight composite flooring system can be achieved and optimised by selecting suitable concrete slab thickness, cold formed beam thickness, bolt spacing, cold formed beam spacing and concrete grade.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.591-609
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• 2023

In some buildings, the lateral structural response of steel framed buildings depends on the shear walls and it is very important to study the behavior of these elements under near-field seismic loads. The link beam in the opening of the shear wall between two wall plates is investigated numerically in terms of behavior and effects on frames. Based on the length of the beam and its bending and shear behavior, three types of models are constructed and analyzed, and the behavior of the frames is also compared. The results show that by reducing the length of the link beam, the base shear forces reduce about 20%. The changes in the length of the link beam have different effects on the degree of coupling. Increasing the length of the link beam increases the base shear about 15%. Also, it has both, a positive and a negative effect on the degree of coupling. The increasing strength of the coupling steel shear wall is linearly related to the yield stress of the beam materials, length, and flexural stiffness of the beam. The use of a shorter link beam will increase the additional strength and consequently improving the behavior of the coupling steel shear wall by reducing the stresses in this element. The link beam with large moment of inertia will also increase about 25% the additional strength and as a result the coefficient of behavior of the shear wall.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2023

This paper handles the results of an extensive parametric study on the rotational stiffness of the flexible base connection using ABAQUS program. The results of the parametric study show the relation between the applied moment and the relative rotation for 96 different base connections. The configurations of the studied connections considered different numbers, diameters, and spacing of the anchor bolts along with different thicknesses of the base plate to investigate the effect of these parameters on the rotational stiffness behavior. The results of the previous parametric research used through the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to detect different equation formulation of the moment-rotation (M-Ɵ_r) equation to detect optimum equation simulates the general nonlinear rotational behavior of the flexible base connection considering all variables used in the parametric study. WOA is a relatively new promising algorithm, which is used in different types of optimization problems. For more verification, the classical genetic algorithm (GA) is used to make a comparison with WOA results. The results show that WOA is capable of getting an optimum equation of the M-Ɵ_r relation, which can be used to simulate the actual rotational stiffness of the flexible base connections. The rotational stiffness at H/150 can be calculated using WOA (1) method and be used as a design aid for engineering design.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2014

토목, 건축 현장에서 굴착부 배면의 지반 및 각종 구조물의 안정을 유지하기 위하여 다양한 공법이 개발 및 적용되고 있다. 특히 인접한 건물 및 도로 등으로 인해 배면에 여유 공간이 없는 경우, 지중 연속벽 공법, 주열식 흙막이 공법이 사용되고 있다. 이러한 공법들은 콘크리트를 현장타설로 시공하여 품질관리의 어려움이 있고 양생기간으로 인한 시공기간의 길어지는 단점이 있다. 또한 위의 공법들은 대부분 임시시설로 사용되고 영구 구조체인 옹벽은 별도로 시공된다. 이 연구에서는 위에서 지적한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 프리캐스트 부재를 활용한 주열식 벽체용 중공 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 파일을 제안하였다. 제안된 파일의 휨에 대한 구조적 거동을 평가하기 위하여 긴장력 도입 실험과, 휨실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 설계에 따른 충분한 긴장력이 도입되었음을 확인하였고, 차수용 옹벽 또는 안벽 구조물로서 사용한계로 판단되는 균열모멘트 또한 설계시 계산된 균열모멘트에 비하여 약 34% 정도의 여유를 가짐을 확인하였다. 극한한계상태인 최대모멘트는 실험을 통해 얻은 균열모멘트에 대해 59.2%의 추가적이 사용성를 확보하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2020

In this study, we will develop a hybrid cross-sectional shape of steel inserted type glued-laminated timber that can improve the strength of structural glued-laminated timber and maximize the ductility by using steel plate with excellent tensile and deformation ability. A total of three specimens were fabricated and the flexural performance test was carried out to evaluate the structural performance of the steel inserted type glued-laminated timber. In order to compare the effect of steel inserted glued-laminated timber, one structural glued-laminated timber test specimen composed of pure wood was manufactured. In addition, in order to evaluate the adhesion performance of the steel inserted, one each of a screw joint test specimen and a polyurethane joint test specimen was prepared. As a result, all the specimens showed the initial crack in the finger joint near the force point. This has been shown to be a cause of crack diffusion and strength degradation. The use of finger joints in the maximum moment section is considered to affect the strength and ductility of the glued-laminated timber beam. Polyurethane-adhesive steel inserted glued-laminated timber showed fully-composite behavior with little horizontal separation between the steel plate and glued-laminated timber until the maximum load was reached. This method has been shown to exhibit sufficient retention bending performance.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.825-832
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• 2010

철근콘크리트 구조물은 위험 단면이 휨강도에 도달하더라도 이 단면에서 소성힌지가 형성되어 휨모멘트가 재분배되어 곧바로 파괴에 도달하지 않는다. 이러한 소성힌지 영역에서 발생하는 비탄성 변형에 의해 소성 회전이 발생한다. 소성힌지길이는 주로 재료 특성에 영향을 받는다. 이 연구에서는 유로코드2에서 제시하고 있는 재료 모델로부터 산정된 휨곡률 분포로부터 소성힌지길이와 소성회전각을 일관되게 산정하였다. 재료 모델의 한계값 즉, 콘크리트 극한변형률, 철근 극한변형률 및 철근의 경화비(k)가 소성회전능력에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 해석 결과 콘크리트 극한변형률 및 철근 극한변형률이 증가함에 따라 소성회전능력이 증가하였고 특히, 철근의 경화비(k)가 증가함에 따라 소성 회전각은 크게 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 각 재료 모델의 한계값 결정에 세심한 주의가 필요할 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2010

본 논문은 복합재료 패널로 보강된 철근 콘크리트 보의 휨 실험과 해석을 통하여 패널의 보강효과에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. FRP 복합재료 패널은 전통적인 재료인 강재와 콘크리트에 비해 단위 무게당 강도 및 강성이 크고 부식에 대한 높은 저항성, 절연성, 고내구성 및 낮은 열전도성 등 우수한 물성으로 유지관리 측면에서 매우 유리하여 최근 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 범용 유한요소 해석 프로그램인 ABAQUS를 이용하여 복합재료 패널로 보강된 철근 콘크리트 보의 극한 하중을 예측하고 실험을 수행하여 그 보강효과에 대한 고찰하였다. 복합재료 패널은 복합재료 패널 층의 유리섬유직조 형태에 따라 LT, DB, DBT로 구분하고 복합재료 패널의 층 개수에 따라 2ply, 3ply로 구분하였다. 실험을 수행한 결과, 해석과 일치하였으며 복합재료 패널로 보강한 철근 콘크리트 보가 극 한강도 측면에서 효율적이었다는 결론도 얻었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2008

프리스트레스하중이 작용되는 강합성교인 PSSC 교량에서 프리스트레스의 효과와 단면의 변형에 따른 텐돈의 변형의 영향을 밝히기 위해 사하중 및 활하중이 작용될 때 합성전 후에 발생하는 부재내의 변형도 및 응력변화와 허용응력 한계상태, 항복응력 한계상태 및 강도한계상태의 단면력과 부재내의 변형도 및 응력변화를 구한다. 또한 거더의 처짐 및 응력과 휨강도를 변수로 하는 한계상태들을 가정하고 이에 대한 신뢰도 분석을 수행한다. 허용응력에 맞추어 설계한 예제 단면의 응력에 대한 신뢰도 지수가 0 부근임에 비하여, 처짐 및 휨강도에 대한 신뢰도 지수는 높은 값을 주고 있어서 도로교설계기준의 허용응력에 대하여 설계한 PSSC 거더는 처짐 및 휨강도에 대하여 높은 신뢰도를 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있다.