• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.79-89
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• 2021

In this paper, the fine dust (PM10) and ultrafine dust (PM2.5) measurement platforms are designed to be mobile and fixed using oneM2M, the international standard for IoT. The fine dust measurement platform is composed and designed with a fine dust measurement device, agent, oneM2M platform, oneM2M IPE, and monitoring system. The main difference between mobile and fixed is that the mobile uses the MQTT protocol for interconnection between devices and services without blind spots based on LTE connection, and the fixed uses the LoRaWAN protocol with low power and wide communication range. Not only fine dust, but also temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, volatile organic compounds (VOC), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and noise data related to daily life were collected. The collected sensor values were managed using the common API provided by oneM2M through the agent and oneM2M IPE, and it was designed into four resource types: AE and container. Six functions of operability, flexibility, convenience, safety, reusability, and scalability were analyzed through the fine dust measurement platform design.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2022

Background: The integrated design of the HeartMate 3 (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA) affords flexibility to place the pump within the pericardium or thoracic cavity. We sought to determine whether the presence of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in either location has a meaningful impact on overall patient outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all 165 patients who received a HeartMate 3 LVAD via a median sternotomy from November 2014 to August 2019 at our center. Based on operative reports and imaging, patients were divided into intrapleural (n=81) and intrapericardial (n=84) cohorts. The primary outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality, while secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, cumulative readmission incidence, and 3-year survival. Results: There were no significant between-group differences in baseline demographics, risk factors, or preoperative hemodynamics. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 6%, with no significant difference between the cohorts (9% vs. 4%, p=0.20). There were no significant differences in the postoperative rates of right ventricular failure, kidney failure requiring hemodialysis, stroke, tracheostomy, or arrhythmias. Over 3 years, despite similar mortality rates, intrapleural patients had significantly more readmissions (n=180 vs. n=117, p<0.01) with the most common reason being infection (n=68/165), predominantly unrelated to the device. Intrapleural patients had significantly more infection-related readmissions, predominantly driven by non-ventricular assist device-related infections (p=0.02), with 41% of these due to respiratory infections compared with 28% of intrapericardial patients. Conclusion: Compared with intrapericardial placement, insertion of an intrapleural HM3 may be associated with a higher incidence of readmission, especially due to respiratory infection.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of trunk-stabilization training using stabilizing reversal and rhythmic stabilization techniques of PNF on trunk muscle strength and respiratory function in elderly stroke patients. Methods: There were 26 stroke patients included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups, and all patients performed exercise 30 min five times per week for six weeks. The experimental group performed trunk stability exercise using stabilizing reversal and rhythmic stabilization techniques of PNF, and the control group performed flexibility and strength training. Trunk muscle strength, forced vital capacity, maximum inspiratory pressure, and maximum expiration pressure were measured to determine the changes after the intervention. For statistical processing, a paired t-test was performed within the group, and the value after intervention was performed as an independent t-test to find out the difference between the two groups. Results: In the experimental group, all of the trunk muscle strength, forced vital capacity, maximum inspiratory pressure, and maximum expiration pressure showed significant differences according to the intervention. In the control group, there were statistically significant differences in trunk muscle strength and forced vital capacity, but the maximum inspiratory pressure and the maximum expiration pressure did not show any statistical change. Conclusion: From these results, it can be seen that the trunk stability exercises that use the proprioceptive neuromuscular promotion method of stable reversal and rhythm stabilization can be a good intervention for the respiratory function of stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.477-500
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• 1999

Korean labor market has showed remarkable change of the increase in the amount of unemployment and contingent employment since IMF bailout agreement. There is a theoretical position to explain this increase in contingent employment at hospitals with the notion of flexibility. The high flexibility of employment due to the increase of contingent employees is becoming very important part in new business strategy of hospitals. The types of contingent employment of the nurse are part-time employment temporary employment, fixed-term employment, and internship which was introduced in early 1999. Recently, Korean health care industry managers have paid attention to the customer oriented service, rationalization of business administration, service quality control so that they can adjust their business to outer environment. Especially their efforts concentrate on the wage reduction through efficient and scientific control of man power because wage shares about 40% of total cost. This dissertation aims at verifying the phenomena of the contingent employment of the nurse and analyzing the related factors and problems. To rephrase these aims in ordinal: First, verifying the phenomena of contingent employment of the nurse. Second, verifying the problems of that phenomena. Third, analyzing the related factors of the contingent employment of the nurse. To accomplish these research goals, a statistical survey was executed. in which 384 questionnaires-66 for manager nurses, 318 for contingent nurses - were given to nurses working at 66 hospitals-which have at least 100 beds-in Seoul. Among them, 187 questionnaires-38 from manager nurses, 149 from contingent nurses'- 'were returned. Then, the data coded and submitted to T-test, $X^2$ -test, variance analysis(ANOVA), correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, Logistic Regression with SAS program. The research results of the contingent nurses are followings: 1. The average career term at the present hospital 8.4 months: duty-on days per month are 24.2 days: working time per day is 7.9 hours. These results showed little difference from regular nurses. 2. Their wage level is about 70% of regular nurses except for internship nurses whose wage level is 41% of regular nurses. To break down the wage composition, part-time nurses and internship nurses get few allowance and bonus. And contingent nurses get very low level of additional pay except for fixed-term nurses who are under similar condition of employment to regular nurses. These results show that hospital managers are trying to reduce the labor cost not only through the direct way of wage reduction but through differential treatment of bonus, retirement allowance, and other additional pay. 3. The problem of contingent employment: low level of pay; high level of turn-over rate: weakening of union; low level of working condition: heavy burden of work; inhuman treatment. The contingent nurses consider these problems more seriously than manager nurses do. What manager nurses regard problematic is the absence of feeling-belonged and responsibility of the contingent nurses. 4. The factors strongly related with the rate of the number of contingent nurses for the number of regular nurses; gross turn-over nurses; average in-patients per day; staring wage of graduate from professional college: the type of hospital ownership; the number of beds; the gap between gross newcomer nurses and gross turn-over nurses. The factors related with their gross wage per month; the number of beds; applying of health insurance; applying of industrial casualty insurance; applying of yearly-paid leave; the type of hospital ownership; average out-patients per day; gross turn-over nurses. The meaningful factors which make difference by employment type: monthly-paid leave; physiological leave. The logistic regression analysis using these two factors shows that monthly-paid leave is related with the type of hospital ownership; the number of beds; average out-patient per day, and physiological leave is related with the gross newcomer nurses; gross turn-over nurses; the number of beds.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.249-259
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• 2018

This research had intended to find out regarding the present influences of the Smart Work on the intention to use continuously with the staff members working in the small- and medium-sized enterprises as the subject. And, finally, it had intended to find out about the Smart Work environments of the IT corporations and the non-IT corporations. For this research, the questionnaire survey data were collected from the staff members working at the small- and medium-sized enterprises. Through the questionnaire survey data that were collected, an empirical analysis was carried out. And, through the reliability analysis, the feasibility analysis, the discriminatory feasibility analysis, and the inspection of the degree of suitableness of the structural equation model, finally, the research model was verified and, finally, a difference analysis of the IT corporations and the non-IT corporations was carried out. Regarding the results of the analysis of the research, it appeared that the factors of the job efficiency and the job autonomy of the special characteristics of the job had the positive influences on the usefulness and the job satisfaction, which were the parameters and which were perceived. And it appeared that the time flexibility of the job form could not have any influences on the usefulness and the job satisfaction, which were the parameters and which were perceived. And it appeared that the spatial flexibility had the influences on the job satisfaction only. The perceived usefulness, which was a parameter, had the positive influences on the job satisfaction and the intention to use continuously. And, finally, the job satisfaction had the positive influences on the intention to use continuously. And it appeared that there were the differences, too, between the IT corporations and the non-IT corporations. It is thought that, through the results of this research and through the Smart Work environment, the positive influences on the workers and the organizations could be induced and that a better working environment than previously can be provided to the workers to fit the special characteristics of the corporations.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.237-250
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of exercise program for prevention of falling on physical fitness, posture and fall prevention self-efficacy for elderly women. 30 females above the age of 65 were subjects for this study. Over an twelve week period, 14women in the experimental group performed exercise 2 times a week for 60 minutes per session. 16women in the control group didn't participate in the exercise program. The independent variable was a exercise program for prevention of falling. Dependent variables were physical fitness, posture and fall prevention self-efficacy. Prevention of falling exercise program is consisted of an elastic band using exercise and Korean dance movement exercise. Physical fitness consisted of grip strength, upper and lower body endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, balance, coordination. The posture was measured the static posture when standing, using a high-resolution camera, body style to automatically measure the distance and angle(M-zen, Korea). Posture was measured in both the coronal and sagittal plane via reference board. Fall prevention self-efficacy was measured via questionnaire using the Korea Falls Self-Efficacy Scale (FES-K). The physical fitness, posture and fall prevention self-efficacy were measured twice with pre and post exercise, and the difference between groups with Wilcox signed rank test, and the group-specific post verification was carried out with U-validated methods (Mann Whitney U test). Statistical significance level was verified by setting the p<.05. Lower body endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, balance and coordination significantly increased in the experimental group. The control group was no significant increase in physical fitness variables. shoulder slope angle, pelvic slope angle(coronal/sagittal), leg length difference, scapular inferior angle and left/right calcaneus angle significantly decreased in the experimental group. Both the experimental group and control group were no significant increase in fall prevention self efficacy. The prevention of falling exercise program for elderly women indicated the positive changes in physical fitness(except grip strength) and posture(except upper body slope). However, there are no significant differences of falling prevention self-efficacy between the both group. Thus, the prevention of falling exercise program for the elderly has been proved that it is highly efficient on improving physical fitness and posture proofreading. However, we still need to consider supplement exercise for grip strength and upper body slope.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1627-1642
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• 2021

This study aims to evaluate physical fitness according to the bone age of youth, and ultimately provide basic data for balanced development of youth through physical fitness standard indicators according to the bone age. A total of 730 youth aged 11 to 13 years in bone age and 11 to 13 years in chronological age were selected as subjects; and after taking X-ray films to calculate the bone age, they were evaluated by using the TW3 method. A total of 2 components in physique, which were stature and weight, were measured using a stadiometer(Hanebio, Korea, 2021) and Inbody 270(Biospace, Korea, 2019). A total of 7 components in physical fitness were measured as well, which included muscular strength (Hand Grip Strength), balance (Bass Stick Test), agility (Plate Tapping), power (Standing Long Jump), flexibility (Sit&Reach), muscular endurance (Sit-Up), and cardiovascular endurance (Shuttle Run). Descriptive statistics and independent t-test were conducted for data processing using the SPSS PC/Program(Version 26.0), and it was considered significant at the level of p< .05. The results of this study may be summarized as follow. First, the result of comparing the bone age and the chronological age of 11 to 13 years old in physical fitness, males showed significant difference in muscular strength, power, muscular endurance, and cardiovasular endurance. In females, muscular strength, balance, agility, power, flexibility, muscular endurance, and cardiovascular endurance showed significant difference. Second, physical fitness standard indicators were presented for each gender and age (11-13 years old) of youth according to the bone age; and based on this, physical fitness standard indicators, which are basic data for physical fitness evaluation according to the bone age of youth, were presented.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

This study investigated the correlation of the physical measurements and the basic physical fitness of 158 female students in the city of Seoul. The average age of the subjects was 22.0 ${\pm}$ 0.13 years old, the average height was 160.9 ${\pm}$ 0.7cm and the average weight was 53.4 ${\pm}$ 0.6kg. The mean BMI (Body Mass Index) was 20.7 ${\pm}$ 0.2kg/㎡. The average muscle mass was 36.5 ${\pm}$ 0.3 and the average body fat percentage was 28.0 ${\pm}$ 0.4%. The basic fitness levels of the subjects were measured based on the evaluation chart of the Korea Health and Science Research Institution (1994). The subjects were divided into 3 groups based on BMI(Group I : BMI < 20, Group II : 20 $\leq$ BMI < 25, Group III BMI $\geq$ 25) and the correlation between BMI and physical fitness was assessed. 1) The muscle strength of the subjects was measured by their grip strength, among other tests. Groups 1 and 2 were evaluated as “su” (level 1) and group 3 was “woo” (level 2). 2) Endurance 1 was tested by push-ups, and while groups 1 and 2 were evaluated as “su” (level 1), group 3 was “ga” (level 5). This result did not suggest any significant relevance among the subjects. 3) Endurance 2 was tested by sit-ups : groups 1 and 2 were evaluated as “mi” (level 3) and group 3 as “yang” (level 4). Group 2 and group 3 showed a significant difference. 4) Instant power was tested by standing high jumps, and although there was a significant difference between group 1 and group 3, all of the subjects were evaluated as “ga” (level 5). 5) Flexibility was measured by how far the subjects could bend forward. There was no significant relevance between the groups and they were all respectively evaluated as “woo” (level 2). 6) Agility was tested with side-steps and all the subjects showed poor agility as “yang” (level 4). 7) Heart and lung endurance was tested by the step test, calculating the maximum oxygen intake with the Physical Energy Index (PEI) and using the numbers according to the evaluation chart. Group 1 was evaluated as “mi” (level 3) and groups 2 and 3 were “woo” (level 2). From these results, we could see the group III (obese group) had a tendency of lower levels in all the variables related to body fitness They showed significantly lower endurance assessed with time for sit-ups and instant power by the standing high jumps. (J Community Nutrition 5(1) : 29∼36, 2003)

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of the occlusal stability and a partial coverage mouthguard on physical fitness and motor capacity to determine the importance of the occlusal stability as a possible action mechanism of mouthguards on physical performance. Twenty physical education students were included for measurements of their handgrip strength, back strength, whole body reaction time, flexibility, sidestep test, stork stand test and jumping test according to the following 5 different occlusal conditions: mouth closed position without a mouthguard, with a full coverage mouthguard, with a right partial coverage mouthguard, with a left partial coverage mouthguard and with anterior partial mouthguard. The results revealed no significant difference in any of the measured physical factors between the occlusal conditions with and without a full-coverage mouthguard. On the other hand, a significant difference was observed in whole body reaction between the occlusal conditions with and without the partial coverage mouthguards. Therefore, isokinetic muscle tests on both knee joints and the Wingate anaerobic power test should be performed under the following five occlusal conditions: with or without full-coverage maxillary custom-made mouthguard, with a unilateral right or left partial-coverage maxillary mouthguard and with an anterior partial-coverage maxillary mouthguard. These results suggest that the partial coverage mouthguard had a short-term beneficial effect on agility rather than full coverage mouthguard.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.369-382
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to verify the validation of exercise effect with loading deviation during rowing exercise. We performed evaluation of based physical fitness and joint torque before the experiment for finding muscle unbalance. So we recruited twenty four subjects who have bigger muscle strength in more 20% than average one. Subjects divided two groups. One is dominant upper limbs(DU) and the other was dominant lower limbs(DL). Subjects performed rowing exercise using electric equipment (Robo.gym.Humonic.korea). Exercise is performed four sets a day including 25 times a set, and three days a week. Measurement consist of evaluation of based physical fitness and joint torque using biodex(biodex system3.USA). Evaluation of exercise effect performed each week in joint torque of shoulder, lumbar and knee joint and each month in based physical fitness. Also we adapted 30% of 1RM for muscular endurance and 70% of 1RM for muscle strength as exercise load. The results showed that the difference of maximal peak torque were getting increase significantly during exercise. Also difference of various factor in based physical fitness were getting increase significantly except flexibility and agility. This interpreted that rowing exercise with loading deviation types could provide muscle strength and muscular endurance exercise in same time. These results could be interpret to two ways. One is effect of improving physical fitness for rowing exercise and the other meaned validation of loading deviation in rowing exercise. Our study is going to verify the validation of loading deviation during rowing and we found out that loading deviation could provide muscle strength and muscular endurance exercise for improving muscle unbalance. Our study can be used development of exercise equipment and program for normal people with muscle unbalance. Also that provide effect of whole body exercise to anybody.