• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.35-42
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study is to measure the amount of influence of taping and a whole body balance upon muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility. Experiments were conducted by two different groups, specially designed for this study. The choice of exercise methods for each group depends on its own idiosyncratic characteristics (or Each group employs its own idiosyncratic exercise method). Methods: The first group, with taping applied, undertook exercises three times a week; second group just took exercises three times a week. These experiments show the following outcomes. Results: The first group showed a considerable amount of difference in terms of muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility. Second group also showed similar outcome. Both the first group and the second group revealed a considerable difference. But the first group showed a bigger difference than the second group. Conclusion: Thus, the result of these experiments strongly indicates that exercise, with taping applied, turns out the most effective in promoting muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.301-315
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• 2000

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a Rhythmical Exercise Program(REP) on physiological functions such as muscle strength, blood pressure, pulse, flexibility and body fat in the elderly. The research employed a non-equivalent control group pre-post test quasi experimental design. REP consisted of 45 minutes of dance, 3 times a week for 10 weeks. The formulated hypothesis were examined using the non-parametric statistics; Wilcoxon Signed rank sum test and Mann-Whitney test. The results are as follows; 1. The upper muscle strength and lower muscle strength of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group following the REP(P<.0 5). And the Period of REP affected the muscle strength; the longer the exercise period, the stronger the muscle strength became. 2. The systolic blood pressure of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group following the REP(p<.05). But there was no significant difference in the diastolic blood pressure between the experimental and control groups. The period of REP affected only systolic pressure; the longer the exercise period, the lower the systolic pressure became. 3. There was no significant difference in heart rate between the experimental and control groups, following the exercise period. 4. The flexibility of the experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group following the REP(p<.01). And the period of REP affected flexibility; the longer the exercise period, the higher the flexibility(p<.05) became. 5. There was no significant difference of body fat between the experimental and control groups. The body fat of the experimental groups was significantly lower only 10 weeks after exercise(p<.01). Based on these results, it is suggested that rhythmical exercise program improves muscle strength, systolic pressure, and flexibility in the elderly.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.116-120
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to determine which interventions are effective in increasing hamstring flexibility due to changes in the range of motion (ROM) and pennation angle (PA) when foam rolling (FR) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching were performed. Methods: A total of 24 healthy participants who agreed to participate in the study were randomly chosen. The participants were divided into three groups of eight people: Control, FR, and PNF stretching groups. The hip flexion angle (ROM) and PA of the hamstrings were measured before and after the experiment. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the ROM and PA for each group by comparing the before and after results. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the increase in hamstring flexibility between the groups. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in the ROM and PA within all groups, and only the ROM was significant in the comparison between the three groups. In the comparison between the control and other two groups, a significant difference was noted in both the ROM and PA in the FR group and only the ROM in the PNF stretching group (p<0.05). In the comparison between the FR and PNF stretching groups, no significant difference was observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: These findings FR and PNF stretching increased the ROM; however, no change in PA was observed. Therefore, FR and PNF stretching were considered effective interventions in immediately increasing hamstring flexibility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects on flexibility of bridge and plank exercises using sling suspension on an unstable surface. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 20 healthy adults in their 20s (plank=10, bridge=10). Both types of exercise were performed three times per week for a period of four weeks. Each exercise was performed in the front and side direction. Exercise intensity was altered through the use of a sling, which was placed at the knee and ankle. Flexibility at trunk forward flexion and backward extension was measured. The trunk forward flexion was measured at sitting position. The trunk backward extension was measured at prone position. The data were analyzed by Two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the pre- and post-test for both the bridge and plank exercise groups. In the bridge exercise, significant differences were shown in the trunk forward flexion and the trunk backward extension (p<.05). In the plank exercise, a significant difference was shown in the trunk backward extension (p<.05). No significant differences were noted in interaction effect or the main effects in either group. CONCLUSION: Bridge and plank exercises on an unstable surface improve flexibility. The bridge exercise improves the flexibility of the forward and backward muscles of the trunk. The plank exercise improves the flexibility of the forward muscles of the trunk. This information would be useful in the development of exercise programs including bridge and plank exercises for improving flexibility and core stability.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2021

Background: In clinical practice, active knee extension (AKE) test has been widely used to measure hamstring flexibility. During the AKE test, the knee extension is repeated six times. The first five repetitions are considered as warm-up, and the sixth is used as baseline. In order to accurately measure the subject's inherent flexibility, warm-up trials have been proposed as mentioned above; but currently, the evidence is insufficient. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty-three healthy adults participated in this study. The AKE was performed slowly after flexing the hip and knee joints by 90° in a supine position. The knee was extended as far as could be done without causing discomfort or pain. When reaching the end range, knee flexion was performed without stopping. As per standard protocol, the subjects performed the knee extension six times. Results: There was no significant difference between the AKE value in the first trial with those in the other five trials. During the repetitions, the average value in the group with higher flexibility tended to decrease and the Intraclass correlation coefficient gradually decreased. Conclusion: Successive repetitions of the AKE test can misrepresent an individual's inherent hamstring flexibility. In order to avoid a decrease in hamstring flexibility, it is strongly recommended that individuals with high initial hamstring flexibility avoid unnecessary repetitions of the AKE test.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of this study was to identify the effect and difference of abdominal muscle strengthening exercise, back muscle stretching and multi-training on the lumbar flexibility of 20s adults. Method : The abdominal muscle strengthening exercise, back muscle stretching and multi-training were conducted 9 times targeting 21 subjects who attended K University from 2013 May 29 to June 14. Sit and Reach Tests were conducted 2 times(before and after exercise program) for flexibility test and measured data were processed with SPSS program WIN 12.0K. By the Wilcoxon signed rank test, the effectiveness of exercises are verified. By the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test, the difference of effectiveness among the exercise groups are verified. Result : The results of this study were summerized below 1. Before and after exercise, in abdominal muscle strengthening exercise group, back muscle stretching group and multi-training group are showed statistically significant differences(p<.05), 2. There were statistically significant difference in the improvement of the flexibility between each group(p>.05). Conclusion : These data suggests that all of the 3 exercise programs are brought positive influences on the improvement of flexibility, and abdominal muscle strengthening exercises and flexibility multi-training are effective on the flexibility more than, back muscle stretching in 20s adults.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate, The Effects of Massage and Taping on Muscle Strength and Flexibility and Pain with Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness(DOMS). DOMS is a common problem that can interfered with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. Methods : Thirty subjects untrained were randomly assigned into Massage group, Taping group, Massage and Taping group. Treatment were applied at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after induction DOMS. The effects of Massage and Taping and Muscle strength and flexibility on DOMS were evaluated by a goniometer and dynamometer and taping and VAS sheet. Results : The results of this study were as follow : 1) There was a significant difference among Taping group, Massage group, Taping and massage group in the case of using graduator. The interaction of group shown a significance (p<.05). 2) In the case of using goniometer, all three groups had the significant difference in period (p<.05) and the interaction of group-period shown a significance(p<.05). 3) In the case of using VAS, all three group had the significant differences in period(p<.05) and the interaction of group-period shown a significance(p<.05). Conclusions : These findings suggested that Taping and Massage had effect on DOMS.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.778-785
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• 2006

In this paper, two possible ways for mode shape expansion are proposed and opened for discussion for future use. The first method minimizes the modal flexibility error between the experimental and analytical mode shapes corresponding to the measured DOFs to find the multiplication matrix which can be treated as the least-squares minimization problem. In the second method, Normalized Modal Difference (NMD) is used to calculate multiplication matrix using the analytical DOFs corresponding to measured DOfs. This matrix is then used to expand the measured mode shape to unmeasured DOFs. A simulated simply supported beam is used to demonstrate the performance of the methods. These methods are then compared with two most promising existing methods namely Kidder dynamic expansion and Modal expansion methods. It is observed that the performance of the modal flexibility method is comparable with existing methods. NMD also have the potential to expand the mode shapes though it is seen more sensitive to the distribution of error between FEM and actual test data.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of passive stretching, active stretching, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) for hamstring flexibility. Methods : Fifty-two college students volunteered for this study. Subjects were randomly devided into three groups : passive stretching, active stretching, PNF. Range of knee extension was measured with the subjects in the 90-90 straight leg raising at before and 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after intervention. Results : In ROM changes 1st week, 3 groups were significant difference(p<.05). In ROM changes 3rd week, PNF group was significant difference(p<.05). ROM changes 1st week were significantly decreased from ROM changes 2nd week and 3rd week in all 3 groups(p<.05). Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that PNF is more effective method on hamstring flexibility than passive stretching or active stretching.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to integrate various models of price formation and let the data choose the most proper model. After the data choose the proper model, one can analyze the price formation process and demand structures for fishery resources under the restriction of Korean fisheries regulations. This study suggests the integrated model including quasi-linear price formation model, Translog price formation model, AIDS price formation model and Lewbel price formation model as level variables. It also suggests another integrated model including AIDS price formation model, Rotterdam price formation model, Latinen-Theil price formation model and Neves price formation model as difference variables. The empirical results show that the AIDS price formation model is the most preferred in both level and difference variables of fishery resources. The estimated parameters show that all sample species have (-) sign of price flexibilities, thus following the law of demand. The scale flexibilities of all species are estimated as (-) sign, thus being adapted to the theory. The contribution and results are summarized as follows. First, the integrated model of fishery market demand has been developed and the data can choose the proper model without arbitrary choice of the researcher. Second, the fishery market demand structure could be analyzed in a way different from the ordinary demand analysis, which is based upon price flexibility and scale flexibility. Third, the integrated model for fishery resources can be used easily when catching restrictions are imposed by policies.