• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.131-138
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• 1995

In order to obtain basic data for the development of Gat-Kimchi, a salted and fermented lear mustard, changes in mineral, pigment, texture, sensory score and microflora during fermentation at 5$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ were investigated. Changes in mineral, including iron, calcium and potassium were obviously shown and their contents were markedly decreased after 14 days of fermentation. Contents of total chlorophyll and carotenoid were slowly decreased after 6 and 10 days of fermentation, respectively and ratios of chlorophyll a/b were not changed and similar to those of other cruciferous vegetable Kimchi during fermentation. Shear force of Gat-Kimchi in rheometer during fermentation was increased. The sourness and hardness(p<0.05) of Gat-Kimchi after 24 days of fermentation were significant different in sensory evaluation with no significant difference in off-flavor, color and hotness. Compared with other Kimchi, taste of Gat-Kimchi was desirably kept for 54 days of fermentation. Total viable count and lactic acid bcateria(Genus Lactobacillus) observed to be Increased in the range of 18 to 24 days and yeasts to be gradually increased during overall period of fermentation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.865-877
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• 2023

Thirty Hanwoo cattle including bulls, cows, and steers (n = 10 each) were slaughtered and investigated for carcass traits (weight, meat color, fat color, yield index, maturity, marbling score, back-fat thickness, and firmness) and meat quality. The meat quality such as: pH, color, cooking loss, fatty acid, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, warner-bratzler shear force, tensile tests, and texture profiles were analyzed on longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles of the carcasses at different aging times (3 d and 21 d). The results showed that steers and cows had higher back-fat thickness and marbling score, and a lower firmness (p < 0.001) than bulls. Bulls exhibited a lower meat quality indicating by higher cooking loss, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content, warner-bratzler shear force and tensile test values (p < 0.01). Regarding the sensory property, the bull meat also had higher hardness, and lower tenderness, juiciness and flavor scores than the cow or steer meat (p < 0.01). Additionally, the bull meat had a higher polyunsaturated fatty acid and a lower monounsaturated fatty acid contents (p < 0.01). With increased aging time, the meat tenderness was improved in all the genders. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that the gender and aging time affected the carcass traits, fatty acid and sensory quality of beef. Postmortem aging could improve the meat tenderness of all genders especially bulls.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.1467-1474
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• 2013

묵은지 발효에 적합한 종균 발효 시스템을 개발하기 위하여 묵은지에서 분리한 유산균과 효모를 단일 또는 혼합 상태로 김치에 첨가하여 발효시킨 후 관능평가를 시행하여 묵은지 풍미에서 높은 기호도를 나타낸 유산균 ML17과 효모 MY7을 혼합 스타터로 선정하였다. 묵은지 스타터 균주는 rRNA 염기서열 분석을 통한 균주동정 결과에 따라 Lactobacillus curvatus ML17과 Saccharomyces servazzii MY7로 명명되었다. 혼합 스타터를 첨가하여 김치를 제조한 후 $10^{\circ}C$에서 7일 동안 1차 발효한 후, $-1^{\circ}C$에서 90일까지 숙성시키면서 발효 특성을 조사하였다. 대조구 김치에 비하여 스타터 김치의 pH 저하 및 산도의 증가가 빠르게 진행되어 발효 90일 후에는 1년 숙성 묵은지와 유사한 수준을 나타내었다. 물성 변화에서 김치의 경도는 전체 발효기간 동안 스타터 김치가 더 높은 경도 값을 유지하면서 아삭한 특성을 나타내었다. 미생물 균총 변화에서 총균수와 유산균수는 발효 30일에 최대 균수를 나타내었으며, 이후 감소하기 시작하여 발효 90일에는 스타터 김치의 총균수와 유산균수가 대조구 김치에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 효모수는 첨가된 스타터에 의하여 스타터 김치가 대조구 김치보다 전체 발효기간 동안 높은 균수를 유지하였다. 유산균과 효모 스타터는 발효 90일 동안 높은 점유율을 유지하여 발효 종균으로서의 우수한 특성을 나타내었다. 유기산 함량은 스타터 김치에서 lactic acid와 citric acid의 함량이 대조구 김치에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 관능평가 결과 스타터 김치는 1년 숙성 묵은지와 유사한 묵은지 맛과 높은 기호도를 나타내었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.964-970
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• 1999

본 연구는 실용계의 육질특성을 조사하고자 수행하였다. 재래계와 육용계의 교잡종 6개구(RcDR, RcLR, BcBR, BcDR, BcLR, RcBR)와 전용육계 1개구(Arbor Acre), 재래계 3개구(적갈색종-D, 황갈색종-L, 흑색종-B)에 대한 지방산 조성 및 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 출하주령에서의 지방산 조성에서 재래계는 일반적으로 다른 종보다 불포화지방산함량이 더 높았다. B, BcBR, BcDR은 가장 높은 불포화지방산 함량을 나타낸 반면 포화지방산 함량은 다른 종에 비해 가장 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 관능검사결과를 살펴보면 다리육의 경우 다즙성(juiciness), 연도(tenderness), 기호성(acceptibility)에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 다즙성은 흑색종과 RcBR에서 가장 우수하였으며 Arbor Acre 가 가장 낮았다. 연도는 흑색종이 가장 우수하였고, 그다음은 RcBR이었으며, RcDR은 가장 낮았다. 풍미와 냄새에서는 각각 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 기호성은 재래계 특히 흑색종에서 가장 우수하였고, 시험구중에서는 RcBR이 가장 우수하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2020

The objectives of this study was to compare palatability changes of the longissimus thoracis (LT) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles of Hanwoo steers from different beef quality grades (1⁺ and 1) during 28 d of wet-aging in order to improve the utilization of the VL muscle as a steak. The VL muscle showed a higher collagen content and a lower intramuscular fat content than the LT muscle (p<0.05). As expected, the Warner-Bratzler shear force value was greater in the LT 1 grade (LT-1) muscle than the LT-1⁺ muscle (p<0.05); whereas no difference was observed between the grades in the VL muscle at 24 h postmortem. Compared to 0 d of aging, tenderness scores significantly increased after 14 and 21 d of aging in the LT and VL muscles, respectively (p<0.05). Additionally, there was no difference in tenderness score between the VL-1⁺ aged for 21 d and the LT-1 at 24 h postmortem, although tenderness score was greater in the LT than the VL at each period (p<0.05). Moreover, the VL-1⁺ steak exhibited a higher tenderness score than the VL-1 steak at 21 and 28 d of aging (p<0.05). On the other hand, the effect of aging time on juiciness and flavor in the VL muscle was somewhat limited unlike the LT muscle. Taken together, the VL muscle requires a longer aging time than the LT muscle to improve consumer preference. Considering the tenderness, using a higher quality grade for aging is more useful in the VL muscle.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.553-564
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• 2020

The present study investigated the effects of duck skin gelatin and carrageenan on the quality of semi-dried restructured jerky. Restructured jerky was prepared as follows: G0 (control, without duck skin gelatin and carrageenan), G0C (0.3% carrageenan), G0.5 (0.5% duck skin gelatin), G0.5C (0.5% duck skin gelatin and 0.3% carrageenan), G1 (1.0% duck skin gelatin), and G1C (1.0% duck skin gelatin and 0.3% carrageenan). The moisture content was the highest for the semi-dried restructured jerky from G0.5C and G1C groups, which showed the lowest for shear force value (p < 0.05). The processing yield of semi-dried restructured jerky with carrageenan was higher compared to that of the control group (p < 0.05). The rehydration capacities of G0.5, G0.5C, and G1C groups were significantly higher than the rehydration capacity of the control group (p < 0.05). Water activity, lightness, yellowness, flavor score, texture score, and overall acceptability were the highest (p < 0.05) for the semi-dried restructured jerky from the G1C group. No significant (p > 0.05) difference was observed in appearance score among restructured jerky prepared from duck skin gelatin and carrageenan. Thus, the addition of 1.0% duck skin gelatin and 0.3% carrageenan to semi-dried restructured jerky formulations results in the optimization of quality characteristics.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

The effects of five different cooking methods (boiling, steaming, grilling, microwaving, and superheated steaming) on proximate composition, pH, color, cooking loss, textural properties, and sensory characteristics of chicken steak were studied. Moisture content and lightness value (L*-value) were higher in superheated steam cooked chicken steak than that of the other cooking treatments such as boiling, steaming, grilling and microwaving cooking (p<0.05), whereas protein content, redness value (a*-value), hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of superheated steam cooked chicken steak was lower than that in the other cooking treatments (p<0.05). Fat content and ash content, springiness, and cohesiveness were not significantly different among the chicken steak cooked using various methods (p>0.05). Among the sensory characteristics, tenderness score, juiciness score and overall acceptability score were the highest for the superheated steam samples (p<0.05), whereas no difference in flavor scores were observed among the other treatments (p>0.05). These results show that marinated chicken steak treated with superheated steam in a preheated 250℃ oven and 380℃ steam for 5 min until core temperature reached 75℃ improved the quality characteristics and sensory properties the best. Therefore, superheated steam was useful to improve cooked chicken steak.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.592-599
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility for utilization and the effectiveness of citrus byproducts on the nutritional composition and sensory score of Jejudo native pig meat. The groups are consisting of the Jejudo native pig loin without citrus byproduct ($JNP-T_0$) and the Jejudo native pig loin fed with 8% and 15% citrus byproduct during growing and fattening period($JNP-T_1$). The contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, calorie, cholesterol content Mg, P, K, Na, vitamin $B_1\;and\;B_2$, total amino acid, and total free amino acid content were not significantly different between $JNP-T_0$ and $JNP-T_1$(p>0.05). It was found that palmitic acid($25.301{\sim}27.403%$) was the highest one among saturated fatty acid while oleic acid($42.234{\sim}43.061%$) was the highest among unsaturated fatty acid in both groups. In case of sensory score, the color and aroma of raw meat, and the flavor preference of boiled meat of $JNP-T_0$ were higher than those of $JNP-T_1$(p<0.05). But the taste, texture, juiciness and palatability of boiled meat were not influenced by feeding of citrus byproduct.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide the preliminary data for dietary education to increase students' vegetables intake. Methods: The attitude of vegetables consumption (5-Likert scale), preference score (7-Likert scale) and eating frequency (5-Likert scale) of 9 fragrance vegetables were investigated by survey questionnaire. A total of 370 students enrolled in primary, middle, high schools, and university participated in the study and data were analyzed by the SPSS WIN (ver 12.0). Results: About 40% of those surveyed answered that they do not eat some kinds of foods and 16% of students do not eat vegetables, the most unfavorable foods. The students in all groups (primary $2^{nd}$ and $2^{th}$, middle and high school, university students) answered that they liked vegetables with the highest score in university students, and they did not often eat fragrance vegetables. Lower age student group, especially primary school $2^{nd}$ showed more positive attitudes of eating challenge toward no experience, bad taste, and dislike but nutritious vegetable foods. The most important factor of vegetable preference was taste, the biggest reason of both like and dislike. Only 4 students designated nutrition as for vegetable dislike reason, means that all students knew about the nutritional importance of vegetables. It was shown that the color and flavor of the vegetables act as dislikable reason rather than likable reason. The significant correlations between preference score and intake frequency of fragrance vegetables were confirmed, and the younger the students the greater the correlation coefficient. Conclusions: Thus providing more chance to experience vegetables, such as fragrance vegetables and education about the importance of balanced diet will be an effective way of increasing vegetables intake, and the younger the students the greater the education effect.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2006

This study aims to investigate the quality characteristics of breads with the addition of sweet pumpkin powder. Farinogram showed that the absorption rate of the dough decreased, the development time and stability became shortened, and the degree of attenuation tended to be grown along with increasing the amount of pumpkin powder. From the amylogram, it was found that the gelatinization starting temperature and the maximum viscosity of pumpkin powder added dough seemed to be decreased as the amount of pumpkin powder was increased. Extensogram showed that there was a decrease in the degree of extension of the dough added with increasing the amount of pumpkin powder, while an increase in the degree of resistance and resistance/extensibility. The lightness (L value) and redness (a value) of bread was found to be decreased with increasing the amount of pumpkin powder, while the yellowness (b value) increased. In terms of the dough texture, for which the hardness, cohesiveness and gumminess of the dough were measured, there were no significant differences between groups, while the dough added with 8.0% pumpkin powder showed a significant decrease in the elasticity. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the highest score of color (p<0.05) and taste (p<0.05) were obtained from the bread added with 6.0% and 8.0% pumpkin powder, while the highest score of texture in control and 3.0% pumpkin bread. In addition, the highest score of flavor (p<0.05) and overall acceptance (p<0.05) were observed in bread added with 6.0% pumpkin powder. Upon the results of this study, it was assumed that the development of food products using pumpkin are prospective in response to health-oriented consumers.