• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.511-515
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• 2014

각종 염증성 질환 및 패혈증으로 인한 치명적인 저혈압을 예방치료하는 약물 개발을 위한 기초 연구로서 유도성 NOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS) 에 의한 NO의 과다 생성을 저해하는 성분을 천연물로부터 찾아내고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. NO 생성 저해활성의 검정은 대식세포주인 RAW 264.7 세포를 LPS로 활성화한 후, 유도되는 iNOS에 의해 생성되는 NO를 Griess 시약을 이용해 $NO_2{^-}$의 형태로 정량하였다. 또한 Western blot 실험 및 RT-PCR 실험을 시행하여 iNOS의 mRNA의 발현 및 단백 합성에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 고량강(Alpinia officinarum Hance, Zingiberaceae)의 메탄올 추출물로부터 극성에 따른 용매 분획을 시행하여 활성성분을 분리하고 분광학적 분석법을 이용하여 분리한 단일성분이 flavonol 구조인 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one (galangin, GLG)임을 확인하였다. 작용기전을 알아보기 위해, Western blot 및 RT-PCR 실험결과, 분리한 flavonol 성분(GLG)의 NO 생성저해 활성은 iNOS mRNA발현을 저해하여 iNOS 효소 단백질의 생성이 억제됨에 기인하는 것으로 확인하였다. 따라서, 고량강 추출물로부터 분리한 flavonol 화합물(GLG)이 iNOS 발현의 억제를 통해 다량의 NO 생산을 저해함으로써, 고량강(Alpinia officinarum)의 NO 과량생성과 관련된 염증성 질환에 대한 응용 가능성이 클 것으로 기대된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.280-282
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• 1992

Quercitrin and hyperin were isolated from the leaves of Kalopanax pictum and these structures were characterized on the basis of chemical and spectral data.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.2581-2584
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• 2014

• 생약학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.176-178
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• 1984

From the leaves of Zizyphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae), rutin and isoquercitrin were isolated and characterized by chemical and spectral analysis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2005

꽃마리를 80% MeOH로 추출하고, 얻어진 추출물을 EtOAc, n-BuOH 및 $H_2O$로 용매 분획하였다. EtOAc와 n-BuOH 분획에 대하여 column chromatography를 반복하여 4종의 flavonol 배당체를 분리하였다. 각각에 대하여 2D-NMR을 포함한 스펙트럼 데이터의 해석과 문헌 자료를 조사하여 $kaempferol-3-O-{\beta}-{D}-glucopyranoside(astragalin),\;kaempferol-3-O-{\alpha}-{L}-rhamnopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-{D}-glucopyranoside(nicotiflorin),\;quercetin-3-O-{\alpha}-{L}-rhamnopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-{D}-glucopyranoside(rutin),\;quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-{D}-glucopyranoside(isoquercitrin)$로 구조를 결정하였다. 이 화합물들은 꽃마리에서는 이번에 처음 분리, 보고되었다. 또한 $nicotiflorin(100\;{\mu}g/ml)$은 hACAT1에 대하여 $68.3{\pm}1.2%$ 저해활성을 나타내었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 1993

Our previous report demonstrated that certain flavonoid aglycones such as apigenin (flavone), quercetin, morin (flavonols), and biochanin A (isoflavone) showed in vivo antiinflammatory activity via topical and oral routes of adminstation. As a continual study, the various flavonoid glycosides have been evaluated in mouse ear edema assay using archidonic acid or croton-oil as a inflammagen. Flavonoids were orally administered (2 mg/mouse) and ear edema inhibition was measured. Significant antiinflammatory activities were found esepcially in flavone and flavonol glycosides (15-29% inhibition) although the flavonoid derivatives tested showed less antiinflammatory activity than hydrocortisone or indomethacin. Chalcone and flavanone derivatives were not significantly active. And in general, flavonol glycosides of kaempferol-type were found to have a higher oral antiinflammatory activity than that of flavonol glycosides of quercetin-type in mice.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenolic acid, proanthocyanidin (PAs), and flavonol glycoside contents, as well as the antioxidant activities of pine needle extracts from six species of young pine trees. The extracts were prepared from Section Pinus (Diploxylon): P. densiflora, P. sylvestris, P. pinaster and P. pinea, and Section Strobus (Haploxylon): P. koraiensis and P. strobus. Phenolics were extracted from pine needles with 80% acetone to obtain the soluble free fraction, and insoluble residues were digested with 4 M NaOH to obtain bound ethyl acetate and bound water fractions. Phenolics were analyzed by HPLC, and the hydrophilic antioxidant activity was measured using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the soluble free fraction were higher than those of the bound ethyl acetate and bound water fractions. The main phenolics were monomers and polymers of PAs in the soluble free fraction, and phenolic acids and flavonol glycosides in bound ethyl acetate fraction. Flavonol glycosides found in different species of pine needles were qualitatively similar within fractions, but composition varied among Pinus sections. High levels of kaempferol arabinoside and an unknown compound were present in all Strobus species. The soluble free fraction had the highest antioxidant activity, followed by bound ethyl acetate and bound water fractions.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2008

There are several branch points in the flavonoid synthesis pathway starting from chalcone. Among them, the hydroxylation of flavanone is a key step leading to flavonol and anthocyanin. The flavanone 3-${\beta}$-hydroxylase (GmF3H) gene was cloned from soybean (Glycine max cultivar Sinpaldal) and shown to convert eriodictyol and naringenin into taxifolin and dihydrokaempferol, respectively. The major flavonoids in this soybean cultivar were found by LC-MS/MS to be kamepferol O-triglycosides and O-diglycosides. Expression of GmF3H and flavonol synthase (GmFLS) was induced by ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation and their expression stimulated accumulation of kaempferol glycones. Thus, GmF3H and GmFLS appear to be key enzymes in the biosynthesis of the UV-protectant, kaempferol.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2011

Vitis vinifera cv. Koshu is a traditional grape cultivar that has been grown for centuries in Japan. The Koshu grape has pink-colored skin and Koshu wines have slight astringency. We demonstrated for the first time the characterization of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonoids in Koshu grape using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The gross weight of phenolic compounds excluding anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in Koshu grape at harvest was higher than those in Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, and Merlot grapes. In addition, hydroxycinnamic acid and monomeric flavonol contents in Koshu grape were also higher than those in the other grape cultivars. Transcription analysis of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase, caffeate methyltransferase, and flavonol synthase genes indicated high accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols in Koshu grape skin compared with the other cultivars. These findings obtained by chemical and molecular approaches partially explained the phenolic characteristics and the peculiar astringency of Koshu grape.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.252-258
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• 2009

Shade-dried flowers of Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight Syn (SBF) belonging to Asclepiadaceae yielded a rare flavonol glycoside viz., Quercetin 5a prenyl, 3-O-glucosyl, 7-O-(4c-p-coumaroyl) neohesperidoside which were characterized based on chemical and spectral (including 2D NMR) studies. The ethyl acetate fraction of alcoholic concentrate (test sample) of flowers of this plant (SBF) was evaluated for its hepatoprotective and inhibition of lipid peroxidation activities to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional uses. The oral administration in varying doses viz., 125 and 250 mg/kg of aqueous suspension of SBF to rats for 7 days produced significant (P < 0.01) hepatoprotective effect comparable to that of standard drug silymarin. The SBF afforded good hepatoprotection against $CCl_4$ induced elevation levels of serum marker enzymes, serum bilirubin and liver weight. The free radical scavenging effects of SBF and flavonol glycoside (SA) were assigned by $Fe^{2+}$/ascorbate induction method (in vitro), which revealed the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The SBF and SA showed prominent anti-lipid peroxidation activity ($IC_{50}$ about $\sim$180 mg/ml and 11.0 mg/ml respectively), which was comparable to standard drug curcumin ($IC_{50}$ about $\sim$8.25 mg/ml). Thus the hepatoprotective activity of SB could be correlated to the free radical scavenging property of the flavonol glycoside.