• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.124-136
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• 1995

This study was conducted to find the distinguished pattern of Korean 'Dae'. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to define how the pattern of 'Dae' has been developed and what is the characteristics of the pattern of Korean 'Dae'. The summarized results are as follows; 1. The types of 'Dae'(rock in the nature, a 'Dae' built artificially, a structure) were identified in the era of the three kingdoms. And in the era of the three kingdoms, 'Dae' was regarded as: a mysterious place related with a king, the place where concrete activities of a specific person had occurred in there, and a mountain peak 2. in the era of Koryo , artificial aspect of 'Dae' were emphasized. In addition, the activities occurred in the 'Dae' took concrete shape by kings. 3. The characteristics of the pattern of 'Dae' during Chosen Dynasty are: 1) A type of huge flat rock(27.6%), a type of mounts고 peak and a type of cuff(24.1%), a type of fantastic rock(15.5%), a type of stratified rock(6.9%) were shown 2) The main activities on 'Dae' were play , observation, and rest 3) In the viewpoint of the locational characteristics, 'Dae' were found in the mountains, at the top of the mountain peaks, on high hill, on cliffs, at the riversides, and on the beaches, etc. 4. With consideration on change trend of the number of'Dae' according to literature(time) , the biggest geographical distributions of 'Dae' were shows in Hamkyungdo in noddle of 15th century (Saejongsillockjiriji), in Kangwondo in the middle of 16th century (Sinjeongdonggukyecjiseongram), in Chunrado in middle of 17th century(Donggukyeojiji), and in Kyungsangdo in middle of 18th 19th century(Yeojidoseo, Eubji) 5. Through the whole period of Chosen Dynasty, the geographical distribution of 'Dae' had much in Kyungsangdo and Pyungahndo.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.473-476
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• 2010

Purpose: Torus palatinus is a bony prominence at the middle of the hard palate. The size varies from barely discernible to very large, from flat to lobular. This oral exostosis is not a disease or a sign of disease, but if large, may be a problem. So, we present the clinical and histopathologic features and applied therapy and provide a comprehensive review of the rare case of the symptomatic exostoses. Methods: A 37-year-old woman had slowly growing exophytic nodular mass of the bone that arises the midline suture of the hard palate. The patient was concerned about discomfort associated with movement of her tongue and about frequent irritation of the palatal mucosa during mastification of the hard food. The patient had a large, unilobulated torus palatinus. It extended from the area adjacent to the canine to a point beyond the junction with the soft palate. The mass was oblong in shape, measuring about 3 cm long, 2 cm wide, and 0.8 cm in height. Results: Before surgical intervention a CT was obtained for the sake of estimating the thickness of the bone between the exostoses and the maxillary antrum and floor of the nose. The surgical procedure was performed with the patient under general anesthesia. Removal of the exostosis was performed after midline mucoperiosteal incision with osteotome and diamond burr. Histologic finding revealed decalcified dense bony tissue, the presence of lacunae, and normal osteocytes. Conclusion: Surgical removal is recommended when one or more of the following condition exist: interference with the construction of prosthesis, interference with oral function, irritation or pathology of the overlying tissue, inability of the patient to maintain proper oral hygiene, and fear of malignancy or other psychologic trauma. We report a rare case of the torus arising in hard palate with symptoms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.212-212
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• 2000

Since the first obserbvation of carbon nanotubes, extensive researches have been done for the synthesis using arc discharge, laser vaporization, and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Carbon nanotubes have unique physical and chemical properties and can allow nanoscale devices. Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes with high quality on a large area is particularly important to enable both fundamental studies and applications, such as flat panel displays and vacuum microelectronics. we have grown vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on a large area of Si substrates by thermal chemical vapor deposition using C2H2 gas at 750-950$^{\circ}C$. we deposited catalytic metal on Si susbstrate using thermal evaporation. The nanotubes reveal highly purified surface. The carbon nanotubes have multi-wall structure with a hollow inside and it reveals bamboo structure agreed with base growth model. Figure 1 shows SEM micrograph showing vertically aligned carbon nanotubes whih were grown at 950$^{\circ}C$ on a large area (20mm${\times}$30mm) of Si substrates. Figure 2 shows TEM analysis was performed on the carbon nanotubes grown at 950$^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. The carbon nanotubes are multi-wall structure with bamboo shape and the lack of fringes inside the nanotube indicates that the core of the structure is hollow. In our experiment, carbon nanotubes grown by the thermal CVD indicate base growth model.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2005

Submicron-scale patterns made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were fabricated on silicon-wafer using a capillarity-directed soft lithographic technique. Polyurethane acrylate (PUA) stamps (Master molds) were used to fabricate the patterns. Patterns with three different aspect ratios were fabricated by varying the holding time. The patterns fabricated were the negative replica of the master mold. The patterns so obtained were investigated for their adhesion and friction properties at nano-scale using AFM. Friction tests were conducted in the range of 0-80 nN. Glass (Borosilicate) balls of diameter 1.25 mm mounted on cantilever (Contact Mode type NPS) were used as tips. Further, micro-friction tests were performed using a ball-on-flat type micro-tribe tester, under reciprocating motion, using a soda lime ball (1 mm diameter) under a normal load of 3,000 mN. All experiments were conducted at ambient temperature ($24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity ($45{\pm}5\%$). Results showed that the patterned samples exhibited superior tribological properties when compared to the silicon wafer and non-patterned sample (PMMA thin film) both at the nano and micro-scales, owing to their increased hydrophobicity and reduced real area of contact. In the case of patterns it was observed that their morphology (shape factor and size factor) was decisive in defining the real area of contact.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.531-540
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• 2007

While determination of the solid propellant burning rates by ultrasound, it has been reported that the frequent data scatters were caused by two major factors; 1) variation in the acoustical properties, and 2) non-linear burning of a solid propellant sample under investigation. This work is carried out for the purpose of investigating the effect of non-linear burning of solid propellant samples. Specifically, we propose an ultrasonic measurement model that can predict the reflections from solid propellant surfaces with non-linear burning by the combination of two ingredients; 1) a pulse-echo ultrasonic measurement model for a planar, circular reflector imbedded in the second medium in an immersion set-up, and 2) an efficient model of non-linear burning surfaces with a number of small, planar circles. Then, we demonstrate the capability of the proposed measurement model by simulation of the surface echo signals from four different burning surfaces that have been generated by the combination of two factors; the base shape (flat or paraboloidal) and the surface roughness (perfectly smooth or randomly rough). From the simulation presented here, we can confirm the fact that the non-linear burning of the propellant can cause the waveform change of the burning surface echo and the corresponding spectrum variation.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.31-53
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• 2008

This study is to suggest a brassiere pattern suitable to the Chinese woman by recognizing the differences among the brassiere patterns of Europe, America and Italy by comparison. Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 12.0. 1. If seeing the length of the ordinary brassiere's wing in Korea, the mean is 31.02cm to be shorter than these 3 patterns. The length of a wing should be adjusted according to the degree of fabric's elasticity. 2. The ESMOD type shows a high angle of $60^{\circ}$ as the position of a shoulder strip is placed outward a lot compared with other patterns. 3. For the FIT and Marangoni types, the lengths of the inside and the external diameters show similarly to each other but the ESMOD type shows that its inside diameter is 7.5cm and external one is 9.6cm to have the difference of 2.1cm so that it is considered to put the bust together stronger than the others. 4. The cup circumference of the FIT pattern shows to be the biggest and that of the FIT pattern is the smallest. As the FIT pattern has the shape to wrap the side of the bust, it has large circumference but as it has a narrow angle of a dart, it seems to be fit to the woman with a small and flat bust. 5. For 1/2 of the nipple distance of the brassiere for the Korean adult women, it shows to be 6.12cm, much narrower than the patterns studied, and it is noticed that the ESMOD pattern is very similar to the brassier in the Korean market. 6. As the mean keeper height is 6.5cm, it is noticed that it is very similar to the brassier for the Korean adult women if comparing that the brassiere for the Korean adult has the keeper height of 6.5-8.6cm. The Marangoni pattern tends to have a little low and the ESMOD and FIT patterns have a ordinary measure.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is for considering about Zen fashion in the point of view of culture transition. Through this research, the Far-East including Korea will be confirmed as a center of fashion culture in 21st century. The contents are the meaning of culture transition in Post Modern period, the meaning of Zen and changing of fashion trend as the background of Zen Fashion, and the characteristics of Zen fashion design. The results are as follows: Anti-western movement or dismantlement of culture has been represented the limitation of western centered culture. So the interesting about East means the changing to east from west in ideas. To make new creation in fashion field, the comprehension about the western fashion which has been preceeded and new trials using the our tradition will be needed. Zen is a kind of Buddhism and the essence of it is to find myself and express individual experiences. The change of one's sens of value, new age movement and concerning of environment and ecology make more comfortable, simple and healthy elements in clothing. The fusion style is under a vogue in life style and Zen is the core of this trend. The characteristics of Zen fashion are flat dismantlement which has been know as a Japanese style, oriental minimalism and nature beauty of ecology. This characteristics are found not only the shape, color but the will of the behind. The pursing temperance and naturalism are represented the fashion culture transition from the West to Far-East. Therefore multi points of fashion research is very important and the identify about Korean fashion is required in lately for new fashion paradigm.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.108-118
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• 2003

Surface properties, including the texture and the luster, of cotton fibers and yarns thereof play an important role in textile technology. The convolutions and the cross-sectional shape of the cotton fiber affect the fabric texture and the luster accordingly. Mercerization of the cotton fabric affects the luster, strength, and other properties of the fabric. In this study, the effect of mercerization was examined on the luster of the cotton fabric, together with the effect of polishing treatment. One of the traditional methods determining the fabric luster is the use of glossmeter or goniometric glossmeter. The use of glossmeter gives successful results in determining the gloss of rather flat and continuous surface such as plastic sheet, painted surface, or paper products. Since the textile fabrics have diverse surface structures and textures, these could be regarded as having three-dimensional surface. Such complexity imposes some difficulties for differentiating subtle surface luster properties of diverse textile fabrics. The advancement in the area of imaging technologies has enabled the micro-scale analysis of the surface textures and the fabric luster recently. Using a CCD camera, the surface luster images were taken at various incident illumination conditions. Microscale analysis, including the blob analysis, of the images could differentiate the subtle luster properties present in a group of cotton fabric samples comprising mercerized cotton fabric, non-mercerized cotton fabric, polished cotton fabric, and a 'standard' cotton fabric. The glossmeter measurement gave satisfactory but limited differentiation among the samples, whose luster differences are easily recognizable with visual observation, except for the mercerized cotton fabric sample and the non-mercerized cotton fabric. The microscale analysis of the fabric luster could, therefore, help understand the nature of diverse textile fabric luster.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 1984

Microstructure of milk powder and cheese made from milk powder were observed by electron microscope. Freeze dried milk powder showed apple-like appearance. The cheese made from freeze dried milk powder had relatively flat surface and homogenous deposit in compare with classical processed cheese. Imported milk powder also indicated similar surface as well as freeze dried milk powder, however, the cheese made from imported milk powder had somewhat coarse surface structures with the spaces between casein matrix and deposit. Commericial milk powder showed irregular shape in size and coagulum which were possibly denatured in the course of drying. The cheese made from commercial powder indicted irregular and small deposit and porous structure. The porousity of the cheese seemed to be influenced by the degree of heat treatment. Denatured protein would be less dispersive than native in presence of polyphosphates. Fat globule and protein micelle of cheese made from skim milk powder get very adjacent to each other and showed compactness of micelles. It is thought that melting mechanism of skim milk powder was different from the melting of typical processed cheese.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.5-15
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• 2017

PHC-W retaining wall method is one of the economical retaining wall methods. PHC-W pile used in PHC-W retaining wall method has special shape with flat surfaces so that the PHW-C retaining wall, with overlapped piles, shows outstanding vertical control and impermeability. In order to evaluate two types of retaining walls, numerical analysis were performed. The selection of cases depended on N values of the ground and ground properties, and two types of PHC-W retaining walls (defined as type A and B) were constructed. For a case that consists of inorganic clay and sand with less than 30 of N value, the maximum excavation depths for type A and B were respectively 10.5 m and 11.0 m. At the other case of which N value is above 30, the depths were 17.0 m and 19.5 m. From the results, it was found that maximum excavation depth, horizontal displacement, and safety factor for flexural strength of the wall were influenced by ground properties.