• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.309-312
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• 2006

This study shows to blend ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA) and a flame retardant agent, $Mg(OH)_{2}$, and synergists, zinc borate for improving flame retardancy of low density polyethylene(LDPE). And it studied the property of flame retardancy of LDPE/EVA blend by the amount of addition through LOI and TGA, estimated the electrical characteristics such as volume resistivity and breakdown strength. The flame retardancy of LDPE/EVA blend was much improved in case of adding zinc borate with 6phr degree, and the electrical characteristics were more or less decreased depending on increasing the amount of addition. Zinc borate used for improving the flame retardancy of LDPE/EVA blend let the added amount of a flame retardant agent, $Mg(OH)_{2}$ limited, and the electrical characteristics decreased extremely by adding a good deal of $Mg(OH)_{2}$.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.569-575
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• 2003

The flame retardancy was investigated when the halogenated flame retardant, decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBDPO) and chlorinated paraffin wax (CPW), was added to the polypropylene (PP) / montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites. The flame retardancy of polymer resin could be improved not only by addition of flame retardant but also with nanoparticles compositions. The effect of the contents of flame retardant and nanoparticles on the flame retardancy of polypropylene/ montmorillonite nanocomposite systems was thoroughly examined in terms of limited oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry. As a results of cone calorimetry, the heat release rate (HRR) was reduced by the flame retardant DBDPO and CPW, and CPW was a little better than DBDPO. The LOI increased from flammable region (LOI<19) to nonflammable region (LOI>20) for all the flame retardants used in this study. Especially, the improvement in flame retardancy by compounding with PP and MMT was better than that by adding flame retardant to polypropylene. So, the addition of flame retardant after compounding with montmorillonite was more efficient than simple addition of flame retardant.

• Composites Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.359-364
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• 2022

Polymers are inherently vulnerable to flame, which limits their application to various high-tech industries. In addition, environmental regulations restrict the use of halogen-based flame retardants which has best flame-retardant effect. There are inorganic flame retardants and phosphorous flame retardants as representative non-halogen-based flame retardants. However, high content of flame retardants is required to impart high flame retardancy of the polymers, and this leads to a decrease in mechanical properties. In this research, a new approach for inorganic flame retardant-based polymer composites with high mechanical properties and flame retardancy was suggested. Inorganic flame retardants called as magnesium oxysulfate whisker (MOSw) were used in this research. MOSw can extinguish fire by releasing water and non-combustible gases when exposed to flame. In addition, they have reinforcing effect when added into the polymer with its high aspect ratio. Expandable graphite (EG) was used as a flame-retardant supplement by helping to form a more dense char layer. Through this research, it is expected that it can be applied to various industries requiring flame retardancy such as automobile, and architecture by replacing halogen-based flame polymer composites.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.576-582
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• 2003

When the halogenated flame retardant, decabromodiphenyl oxide, was added to the polypropylene/nylon blend, and was compounded with montmorillonite and compatibilizer, maleic anhydride polypropylene, the improvement of flame retardancy and mechanical properties was investigated. The degree of dispersion between polymer resin and inorganic nanoparticles was investigated, and the flame retardancy and mechanical properties was measured quantitatively. XRD results showed that the montrnorillonite was com-pletely exfoliated after polypropylen/nylon nanocomposites was mixed above twice. By compounding with montmorillonite, polypropylene/nylon blend system was overcome the deterioration of flame retardancy. The tensile strength and impact strength were slightly increased, and by compounding with montmorillonite, the additional increase in mechanical properties was obtained. Therefore, the flame retardancy of polypropylene / nylon blend was decreased by adding nylon, but by compounding with inorganic nanoparticle, improvement of the flame retardancy and mechanical properties was obtained.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2000

Diphenyl-2-ethanolamidophosphate (DPEOAP) was synthesized to treat polyester fabrics in order to improve its flame retardancy. The flame retardancy and physical properties of DPEOAP-treated polyester fabrics were investigated. The results were as follows: 1) polyester fabrics can be treated with DPEOAP by means of Pad-Dry-Cure method, because DPEOAP was easily soluble in benzene. 2) The most economic conditions of treatment were determined as 10% of DPEOAP cocentration, $140^{\circ}C$ of curing temperature, and 2 minutes of curing time. 3) Though the washablity of DPEOAP is low in comparison with the other products which are purchasable in a market, it has an excellent flame retardment effect 3 times more than in number of flame contact just with 0.66% add-on. 4) The physical properties of DPEOAP treated polyester fabrics were little changed as compared with non-treated fabric.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 2003

Flame retardancy and mechanical properties of recycled polyolefinic plastics/inorganic filler composite systems were investigated by using several inorganic flame retardants such as magnesium hydroxide and slag powder generated electro arc furnace Compatibilizer user each maleic anhydride functionalized polyethylene (PE-g-MAH) and polypropylene(PP-g-MAH) or used mixture of these. The effect of polymeric compatibilizers on the properties of composites was studied by tensile and impact test, differential scanning calorimetry, in the changed fracture mechanism. The improved adhesion was particularly reflected in the mechanical properties. The flame retardancy of composites was examined by measuring limiting oxygen index(LOI, ASTM D2863), smoke density(ASTM D2843) and vertical burning test(UL94). Regarding the flame retardant effect, the EAF slag powder is behaving as synergists as they are only active in the presence of magnesium hydroxide.

• Composites Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.456-462
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• 2022

Since natural fibers are highly flammable, it is not easy to make them flame retardant. In this study, a liquid flame retardant based on phytic acid, APTES, and Thiourea, which are flame retardant candidates derived from nature, was prepared and its performance was verified through flame retardant treatment and flame retardancy evaluation of bamboo fibers. When a liquid flame retardant is used, it is possible to treat a large amount of natural fibers with flame retardant treatment. Nine types of flame-retardant treated bamboo fibers were prepared according to the Taguchi design of experiment method. Thereafter, vertical burning test and microcalorimeter test were performed for flame retardancy evaluation, and the surface of natural fibers before and after flame-retardant treatment was compared using scanning electron microscope. The results show that phytic acid has a significant effect on improving the flame retardancy of natural fibers. Through microstructure analysis, it was assumed that the phytic acid helps flame retardant to uniformly adhere to the surface of natural fibers. If such research results are utilized, it is possible to make a large amount of natural fibers high flammability in an eco-friendly way, which is expected to be advantageous for the application of prototypes.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2024

Polyolefins (PO) are used in various industrial fields due to their excellent mechanical properties, processability, and chemical resistance. However, they have low flame retardancy, and when exposed to high temperatures, there are problem that mechanical properties deteriorate due to oxidation. In this study, we developed PO/metal hydroxide composites that exhibit excellent mechanical strength, heat resistance, and flame retardancy by using antioxidants and radiation crosslinking technology. To improve mechanical strength, heat resistance, and flame retardancy, PO/metal hydroxide/antioxidant composites were prepared and irradiated with an electron beam. Specifically, at temperatures above 200℃, the PO/metal hydroxide composites with primary and secondary antioxidants added and irradiated with a 100 kGy electron beam exhibited excellent thermal stability with a thermal shrinkage rate of less than 3%. In addition, the flame retardancy of the PO/metal hydroxide/antioxidant composites was improved due to enhanced thermal stability from electron beam irradiation and reduced thermal decomposition rate from the antioxidants. These results indicate that radiation crosslinking and antioxidants are effective method to simultaneously achieve mechanical properties, heat resistance, and flame retardancy.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.270-280
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• 2005

To maximize a synergy effect in flame-retardancy of flame-retardant coatings, phosphorus and chlorine were introduced in polymer chains. Two-components PU flame-retardant modified polyesters (ABTTC-10C, -20C, -30C) were prepared by curing, at room temperature, of isocyanate (allophanate-trimer) and prepared modified polyesters which contain phosphorus and chlorine. To examine the film properties of the prepared flame-retardant coatings, film specimens were prepared with the prepared coatings. The film properties of ABTTC, ABTTC-10C and ABTTC-20C, which contain 0, 10 and 20wt%, 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (2,4-DCBA), respectively, were proved to be good, whereas the film properties of ABTTC-30C, which contains 30wt% 2,4-DCBA, were proved to be a little bit poor. Two kinds of flame retardancy tests, $45^{\circ}$Meckel burner method and LOI method, were performed. With the $45^{\circ}$Meckel burner method, three flame-retardant coatings except ABTTC showed less than 3.4 cm of char length, and showed less than 2 seconds of afterflaming and afterglow. From this result, the prepared flame-retardant coatings were proved to have the 1st grade flame retardancy. With the LOI method, the LOI values of the coatings containing more than 10wt% 2,4-DCBA were higher than 30wt%, which means that the coatings possess good flame-retardancy. From these results, it was found that synergistic effect in flame-retardancy was taken place by the introduced phosphorus and chlorine.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 2007

Non-halogen flame retardant have been focus of extensive research because of environmental problem. Hexakisphenokycyclotriphosphazene was synthesized in order to use as the flame retardant of ABS resin. And using bisphenol A, bisphenol S, and resorcinol, the polymers which contained cyclophosphazene structure were synthesized in order to also use as the flame retardants of ABS resin. All of the synthesized polymers themselves got the excellent flame retardancy. And as the molecular weight of the compound were increased, the thermal stability was increased. But when the synthesized compounds were used as the flame retardants for ABS resin, the lower molecular weight compound in these compounds showed the better flame retardancy and the better physical properties of ABS resin. In case of using resorcinol, it showed the best flame retardancy.