• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2020

The research objective of the paper is to clarify the factors influencing system risks of listed companies in Vietnam, with a focus on clarifying the relationship and quantifying the impacts of ownership structure on systemic risk of listed companies. The data used in this study included financial statements and stock price data of listed companies on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange and Hanoi Stock Exchange of Vietnam stock market in the period from 2010 to 2017. The paper used the method of estimation in establising the regression models to choose among three models: Random Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model or Pooled OLS for regression using Stata statistical software. The research results showed that state ownership and ownership by foreign investors were positively related to systemic risk, while ownership by domestic investors had a reverse relationship with systemic risk of listed companies in Vietnam. In addition, as a control variable, both company size and profitability had an effect on the systemic risk of listed companies in the research sample. Based on the research results, the authors interpreted some of the implications in order to minimize systemic risks in the operation of listed companies in Vietnam.

• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2003년도 International Symposium
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• pp.109-119
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• 2003

o In order to start SIP Project .Marketing (& ASIC team) should present biz planning, schedule, device/SIP specs., in SIP TFT prior to request SIP development for package development project. .In order to prevent (PCB) revision, test, burn-in, & quality strategy should be fixed by SIP TFT (PE/Test, QA) prior to request for PKG development. .Target product price/cost, package/ test cost should be delivered and reviewed. o Minimum Information for PCB Design, Package Size, and Cost .(Required) package form factor: size, height, type (BGA, QFP), Pin count/pitch .(Estimated) each die size including scribe lane .(Estimated) pad inform. : count, pitch, configuration(in-line/staggered), (open) size .(Estimated) each device (I/O & Core) power (especially for DRAM embedded SIP) .SIP Block diagram, and net-list using excel sheet format o Why is the initial evaluation important\ulcorner .The higher logic power resulted in spec. over of DRAM Tjmax. This caused business drop longrightarrow Thermal simulation of some SIP product is essential in the beginning stage of SIP business planning (or design) stage. (i.e., DRAM embedded SIP) .When SIP is developed using discrete packages, the I/O driver Capa. of each device may be so high for SIP. Since I/O driver capa. was optimized to discrete package and set board environment, this resulted in severe noise problem in SIP. longrightarrow In this case, the electrical performance of product (including PKG) should have been considered (simulated) in the beginning stage of business planning (or design).

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1993

The structure change in the broiler industry of Korea has been taking place very rapidly toward the direction of integrated production and marketing system. During the course of the evolution into the integrated structure, however, a number of small business entities, uncountable nationally but a minimum of a dozen, that previously engaged in the supply of production factors or live bird transaction also tended to get involved in the new system as a disguised or pseudo-integrator, having brought a lot of problems not only to the farmers but also to the development of integrated structure. The pseudo-integrator is generally characterized by limited functions in such a way of supplying chicks and feeds to and collecting grown birds from farmers under the contract at a fixed farmer's payment in practically the same pattern as a partial or quasi-integration, which intends to act as if an integrator in a stratagem to simply enjoy a margin simply from selling supplies and buying products for a certain period of time. The grower making a contract with appears to be a farmer who used to be an Independent and speculating but not able to join in the normal system of evolving integration. The problems of a pseudo-integrator center on the financial loss to a contract farmer, because the falsified integrator has to become easily bankrupt and run away when the price of live broiler continually stays below the cost of production, even though he is able to make a tremendous profit otherwise which is the real purpose of the operation for. It is true that the volatile market, fluctuating the price up more than doubled in a month and down to a half in a few weeks, makes the pseudo-integrator find the room for such a fraudulence. In addition, its activity also adversely affect the evolution of the integration due to rather negative image on structure change in general. It is recommended that the farmers need to better understand the real picture of the integrated system so as not to be swindled by a disguised, small scale agribusiness agent. By the same token, it is also equally required to have the whole industry integrated completely as early as possible. The Joint effort to get rid of pseudo-integrators' problems shall be put for the industry development moving toward the integration. No doubt a pseudo-integrator must be a temporary player for chance emerging during the course of structure change into the integrated, though.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1881-1891
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• 2014

2010년부터 턴키심의위원 풀 제도를 폐지하고, 상설심의위원 제도를 도입하여 현재까지 턴키입찰공사는 설계적합최적가방식, 종합평가방식으로서는 입찰가격, 설계점수조정, 가중치기준, 확정금액최상설계방식의 5가지 낙찰자 결정방식으로 선정하고 있다. 또한 낙찰자 결정방식으로서 설계심의분과위원회를 크게 중앙 지방 특별 설계자문위원회의 분과위원으로 구성하여 운영하고 있으나, 아직 로비 부담에 대해서 개선되지 못한 것은 심의위원 풀제에서 상설심의위원으로 심의 주체만 변경되었을 뿐, 턴키입찰에서 설계심의가 가지는 비중과 설계심의방식도 과거와 유사하기 때문이다. 그러므로 가격경쟁을 부분적으로 강화하여 설계점수가 낙찰을 좌우하는 풍토를 개선하고, 기술경쟁은 영업력보다 실질적인 기술력이 경쟁력을 가질 수 있도록 설계심의제도를 개선하는 것이 필요하다. 이에 이 연구는 낙찰자 결정방식의 설계심의 운영제도와 문제점 그리고 개선된 설계심의방안을 제시하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 2011년 3월 발생한 동일본대지진 이후 스마트그리드에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 가운데 일본의 스마트그리드 정책 추진현황 및 문제점에 초점을 맞춰 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 일본에서는 2011년 동일본대지진으로 인한 전력수급 문제를 계기로 신재생에너지의 고정가격매수제도가 도입되고, 나아가 신재생에너지로 생산된 전력을 거래하는 분산형 그린 전력매매 시장을 설립하는 등 에너지 위기와 환경문제를 동시 해결하는 하나의 솔루션으로서 스마트그리드 관련 프로젝트가 본격적으로 실행되었다. 그 결과 피크전력 억제 및 CO2 삭감효과, 신재생에너지원을 이용한 에너지 수급의 안정적 확보 등 가시적인 성과를 거두었다. 한편, 현행 일본의 스마트그리드 정책 운영상의 개선과제로는 전력계통 안정화 장치의 도입(송배전망의 광역적 운용이나 대형 축전지 도입 등), 스마트그리드 관련 자국기술의 국제표준, 추진 스마트 그리드의 보안성 강화 지원 등을 제시하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.466-475
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• 2014

주택임대차보호법상 주택의 임대차는 그 등기가 없는 경우에도 임차인이 주택의 인도와 주민등록을 마친 때에는 그 "다음 날" 부터 제3자에 대한 대항력이 발생한다. 그러나 주택임대차보호법의 이와 같은 입법태도는 대항요건을 갖춘 임차인보다 같은 날 등기를 갖춘 양수인이나 저당권자 등 후순위 물권자를 우선시키는 문제를 가져오게 된다. 이러한 결과는 주택임차인의 대항력 보호는 물론 부동산 경매 공매절차에 있어서 보증금의 우선변제권 및 최우선변제권과 관련해서도 임차인에게 불측의 손해를 안겨줌으로써 임차인보호에 여러 가지 문제점을 드러내고 있다. 이와 같은 문제점들을 해소하고 주택임대차보호법의 본래 입법취지대로 국민 주거생활의 안정을 보장하기 위해서는 주택임대차 대항력과 관련된 제도가 다음과 같이 개선되어야 한다. 첫째, 주택임대차의 대항요건 및 소액보증금의 최우선변제 요건에 확정일자를 추가하여 대항요건의 구비시기를 명확히 하여야 한다. 둘째, 주택임대차의 대항력 발생시기를 '대항요건을 갖춘 다음 날'에서 '대항요건을 갖춘 때'로 앞당겨 임차인이 불측의 손해를 입지 않도록 하여야 한다. 셋째, 주택임대차 보증금의 최우선변제 요건에 확정일자를 추가하고, 우선변제권 및 최우선변제권의 효력발생시기를 '대항요건을 갖춘 다음 날'에서 '대항요건을 갖춘 때'로 조정하여 대항요건과의 일관성을 유지하고 경매 공매절차에서 임차인의 보증금 회수를 보호하여야 한다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2003

Nitrification performance of fixed film biofilters using coarse sand, loess bead, or styrofoam beads in biofilter columns 1 meter high and 30cm in diameter were studied at different hydraulic and organic matter loading rates. Synthetic wastewater was supplied to the culture tank in order to maintain desired TAN concentrations in inlet water to biofilters. All the biofilters were conditioned 5 months before start of sampling. TAN and $NO_2-N$ conversion rates increased with an increase in the hydraulic loading rate (HLR). However, the improvement in biofilter performance was not linearly correlated to HLR in styrofoam bead filters. This is mainly due to the characteristics of the styrofoam beads used. TAN conversion rates of sand filters increased with the increase of HLR up to $200m^3/m^2$. per day. No increase in the TAN conversion rate was observed at the highest HLR since flooding on the media surface took place. HLR had a significant impact on the TAN conversion rates in loess bead filter up to the highest HLR tested (P<0.05). TAN conversion rates were much less at organic matter loading rates of 9 and 18kg $O_2/m^3$ per day than those without the addition of organic matter in styrofoam bead filters. The addition of glucose resulted in a reduction of the TAN conversion rate from 540 to 284g $TAN/m^3$ per day. No significant difference of TAN conversion rates between the two organic matter loading rates was found (p<0.05). This indicates that the impact of organic matter on nitrification becomes less and less sensitive with an increase in the COD/TAN ratio. At an organic matter loading rate of 9kg $O_2/m^3$. per day, a great reduction of TAN conversion rates was observed in sand filters and loess bead filters. Clearly, organic matter can be one of the most Important Impacting factors on nitrification. $NO_2-N$ conversion rates showed a similar trend for TAN. Based on the TAN and nitrite conversion rates, styrofoam beads showed the best performance among the three filter media tested. Also, the low gravity and price of styrofoam beads make the handling easier and more cost-effective for commercial application. The results obtained at the highest organic matter loading rates can be used in the biofilter design in recirculating aquaculture system.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.45-79
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• 1980

The aim of this paper is to analyze the mechanics of price formation in the tramp shipping. For the purpose of this study, the main characteristics of tramp freight rates and the market is examined, and a brief examination of the nature ofthe costs of operation is given which are essential for the understanding of the functioning of shipping firms as well as for the understanding of developments in the tramp freight market. The demand and supply relationships in the market is also analysed in detail. Tramp shipping is an industry that has a market which functions under conditions that are not dissimilar to the theoretical model of perfect competition. However, it does notmean that tramp shipping market is a perfectly competitive market. It is apparent that this realworld competitive system has its imperfections, which means that the market for tramp shipping is near to being a perfectly competitive market on an internaitonal scale and it is freight are therefore subjext to the laws of supply and demand. In theory, the minimum freight rate in the short term is that at which the lowest cost vessels will lay-up in preference to operating, and is equal to the variable costs minus lay-up costs; and this would imply that in all times except those of full employment for ships there is a tendency for newer low-cost, and, probably, faster vessels to be driving the older high-cost vessels in the breaker's yards. In this case, shipowners may be reluctant to lay-up their ships becasue of obligations to crews, or because they would lose credibility with shippers or financiers, or simply because of lost prestige. Mainly, however, the decision is made on strictly economic grounds. When, for example, the total operating costs minus the likely freight earnings are greater than the cost of taking the ship out of service, maintaining it, and recommissioning it, then a ship may be considered for laying-up; shipowners will, in other words, run the ships at freight earnings below operating costs by as much as the cost of laying them up. As described above, the freight rates fixed on the tramp shipping market are subject to the laws of supply and demand. In other words, the basic properties of supply and demand are of significance so far as price or rate fluctuations in the tramp freight market are concerned. In connection with the same of the demand for tramp shipping services, the following points should be brone in mind: (a) That the magnitude of demand for sea transport of dry cargoes in general and for tramp shipping services in particular is increasing in the long run. (b) That owning to external factors, the demand for tramp shipping services is capable of varying sharphy at a given going of time. (c) The demad for the industry's services tends to be price inelastic in the short run. On the other hand the demand for the services offered by the individual shipping firm tends as a rule to be infinitely price elastic. In the meantime, the properties of the supply of the tramp shipping facilities are that it cannot expand or contract in the short run. Also, that in the long run there is a time-lag between entrepreneurs' decision to expand their fleets and the actual time of delivery of the new vessels. Thus, supply is inelastic and not capable of responding to demand and price changes at a given period of time. In conclusion, it can be safely stated that short-run changes in freight rates are a direct result of variations in the magnitude of demand for tramp shipping facilities, whilest the average level of freight rates is brought down to relatively low levels over prolonged periods of time.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2005

온라인게임 마케팅의 가격정책은 정액선불제와 PC방의 종량제가 대표적이다. 이 두 모델은 대부분의 온라인게임기업 및 MMORPG의 기본 과금방식으로 인식되어 왔으나 점차 선두기업만의 수익구조로 정착되고 있다. 선두기업들의 시장 점유율이 80%를 넘어선 상황에서 후발기업들이 동일한 과금방식을 적용할 경우 경쟁은 불가능해진다. 시험평가에서 호평을 받은 후발 MMORPG 들이 상용화의 벽을 넘지 못하고 도산하고 있는 예가 이를 증명해준다. 후발업체들은 생존과 고객확보차원에서 먼저 무료게임을 선언하고, 이후 아이템의 판매와 경험치, 게임 머니의 배수 서비스로 유도하기도 한다. 그러나 유무료 고객 간의 분쟁을 낳고, 정액제를 기반으로 제작한 게임 콘텐츠의 밸런스가 붕괴되어 게임의 생명을 단축하는 결과로 이어지고 있다. 후발업체의 안정된 수익과 시장진입을 위해서는 기획 단계부터 콘텐츠에 맞는 과금 방식을 설계해야 하며 또 선두업체들과는 차별화된 과금방식을 확보해야한다. 본 연구에서는 단순 아이템 판매와 배수 서비스가 아닌 게임 콘텐츠를 기반으로 하는 다양한 콘텐츠 서비스를 분류하였다. 그리고 이들 콘텐츠를 저가로 책정함으로써 이용고객들의 소액결재를 유도하는 콘텐츠 프리미엄 서비스를 제안하였다. 이는 현재 게임 시장에서 후발 MMORPG 게임 업체의 새로운 과금방식으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2006

현행 일괄입찰방식은 분담이행방식의 공동도급형태로 운영되고 있어, 참여업체간의 의사소통 부족으로 설계기술과 시공기술의 접목이라는 일괄입찰방식 본래의 취지를 살리지 못하고 있다. 또한 입찰을 통해 확정된 총액금액으로 설계가 진행되므로 실시설계단계에서 VE활동을 통한 원가절감 노력이 거의 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현행 설계시공일괄방식의 특성을 파악하고 설계VE 적용사례를 분석하여, 설계VE 적용의 문제점이 무엇인지를 파악한 후, 일괄입찰사업 수행절차에서 설계VE 적용의 효과를 극대화할 수 있는 파트너링의 활용방법 및 그 적용시기를 제안한다.