• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.677-689
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate food safety practices and knowledge of foodservice workers at senior welfare centers. A self-administrated questionnaire was administered to 1200 foodservice workers at senior welfare centers in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi province. Two hundred five responses were returned, with 181 usable for analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS for Windows(ver.14.0). Volunteers of respondents comprised 64.1% while chefs and employees comprised 20.9%. Food safety practices were assessed using a 5-point scale(1: strongly disagree - 5: strongly agree), and the average score of food safety practices was 4.27. For specific practices, 'personal hygiene (4.46)' scored the highest, followed by 'cleaning and sanitizing(4.43)', 'separate handing(4.40)', 'cooking process(4.11)', and 'receiving and storing(4.05)'. There were significant differences in the practice average score by age(p<0.01) and experience of food safety education(p<0.01). The total score for food safety knowledge was 14.43 out of 20 points. In the category of food knowledge, 'equipment and facility(80.5%)' had the highest correct answer rate, followed by 'personnel hygiene(75.9%)', 'cooking process(70.4%)', and 'cleaning sanitizing(65.8%)'. There were significant differences in the knowledge total score by job type(p<0.05), age(p<0.05), working experience(p<0.05), chef certification (p<0.01), and frequency of food safety education(p<0.01). The knowledge and practice scores were significantly correlated(p<0.01). This study suggests that food safety education for foodservice workers should be conducted continuously and repetitively, and the development of proper education materials is needed to improve the effectiveness of food safety education for chefs, employees and volunteers at senior welfare centers.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.61-77
• /
• 2011

This study investigates science teachers' perceptions of science practices for science assessment. Science practices have information about students' ability to understand scientific knowledge and to perform scientific inquiry. For this study, seven science teachers, who have served for more than five years in secondary schools in Seoul, were chosen. A structured questionnaire consisting of twenty-seven items were used in National Assessment of Educational Achievement. And then, in-depth interviews followed. Co-workers analyzed and discussed the questionnaire and interviews. As results show, science teachers tend to determine science practices based on materials and way to present materials included in questions. Science teachers tend to recognize science practice as different, depending on information and thinking process, which is expected in solving them. In addition, they have a variety of the level of definition and understanding about science practices.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.100-108
• /
• 2016

In this study, a survey was conducted to both evaluate the consumers' general attitudes for purchasing and storing the raw chicken and determine the thawing practices used for defrosting frozen chicken at home. About 75% of the consumers indicated purchasing chicken meat at least once a week or more. Furthermore, the majority (82.16%) of those who stored at least a portion of the raw chicken stated freezing the raw chicken meat at home. Freezing the chicken meat was considered to have no effect on the quality by 43.49% of the consumers while 56.51% thought that freezing had either negative or positive effects on the quality. The survey study indicated that top five most commonly used thawing practices included thawing on the kitchen counter, thawing in the refrigerator, thawing in the warm water, thawing in the microwave, and thawing under tap water. In addition, an experimental study was conducted to determine the effects of these most commonly used thawing practices on some quality characteristics of the chicken meat including pH, drip loss, cooking loss, color analysis and textural profile analysis. Although, $L^*$ value for thawing on the kitchen counter was the lowest, after cooking, none of the thawing treatments have a significant effect on the color values. Thawing in the microwave produced the highest drip loss of 3.47% while the lowest drip loss of 0.62% was observed with thawing in the refrigerator. On the other hand, thawing in the microwave and refrigerator caused the lowest cooking loss values of 18.29% and 18.53%, respectively. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences among textural parameter values of the defrosted and then cooked samples using the home based thawing practices, indicating similar quality characteristics among the samples.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.977-990
• /
• 1999

This study was done to examine the relationship among psychosocial well-being, perceived health status and health promoting lifestyle practices, and to Identify those variables affecting a health promoting lifestyle. Three hundred and forty five ruddle-aged adults completed a multiple self-reported questionnaire on psychosocial well-being, perceived health status and health promoting lifestyle profile. Data analysis were conducted by using Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and stepwise multiple regression nth SAS program. The results are as follows : 1. The average item score for psychosocial well-being was low at 55.98, the level of perceived health status was moderate at 5.76, and health promoting lifestyle practices were low at 110.09. Among the subscales of the health promoting lifestyle profile, stress management and self-actualization were scored higher than exercise and health responsibility. 2. Performance of health promoting lifestyle was positively correlated with perceived health status and negatively correlated with psychosocial well-being. Also, negative correlations were observed between perceived health status and psychosocial well-being. 3. There were statistically significant differences for health promoting lifestyle, psychosocial well-being and perceived health status according to sociodemographic variables. The performance of health promoting lifestyle was significantly different according to education, economic status and marriage satisfaction. Psychosocial well-being was also significantly different according to education, marriage satisfaction, and exercise. Perceived health status was significantly different according to education, occupation, and economic status. 4. Perceived health status, psychosocial well-being, marriage satisfaction and level of education together explained 21.62% of varience in the performance of health promoting lifestyle. These findings help to clarify relationships among psychosocial well-being, perceived health status, and health promoting lifestyle practices in middle-aged adults. Therefore, the result of study provide clues for encouraging people to adopt healthier lifestyles and constructing alternative strategies for promoting health practices.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2011

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of multimedia case-based learning on preservice teachers' critical thinking disposition and practices. Forty-nine students among the seventy-five preservice teachers who enrolled in the class, Introduction to Special Education, participated in this study. Pretest and a case were presented at the beginning of the semester and then 4 cases and multimedia learning resources were provided during 13 weeks. In addition, small and whole class discussion were used for learning activities to share their opinions. At the end of the semester, the posttest and practices regarding a new case data were collected. Results found that no significant difference in the critical thinking disposition survey, however, the multimedia group showed better practices in a new case than the control group. Suggestions and future research were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.399-416
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between science teaching practices and beliefs about the nature of science. Defining teachers' beliefs as a broad construct, the researcher tried to examine not only the teachers' understanding about the nature of science, but also the effect and reflection in science teaching practices with regards to the nature of science. Guiding research questions were how the teachers' science teaching practices reflected their beliefs about the nature of science. The methodology of this study was qualitative approach that included interviews, classroom observations, and instructional materials. At an urban area of Korea, five beginning elementary teacher was chosen. The cross-case and grounded theory study design were adopted as data analysis process. The results of data analysis were checked by teachers for internal validity. This study identified the teachers' beliefs about the nature of science suggested by many researchers and revealed that these teachers' beliefs reflected a little in science teaching practices. On the occasion it was reflected, restricted merely within the narrow limits the way to teach the concepts and contents presented in science curriculum. In addition, some of the obstacles that these teachers' beliefs did not reflect the science teaching practices with regards to the nature of science were investigated in this study.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.59-74
• /
• 2021

Objectives: This study is to analyze Acupuncture Methods(鍼法) using Five Transport Points(五輸穴) and to consider the direction of development. Methods: This study focuses on Acupuncture Methods(鍼法) using Five Transport Points(五輸穴) that Five Phase Theory(五行學說) has been applied as a compound and it is designated Five Phase-Five Transport Points-Acupuncture Method(FPT Acupuncture Method, 五行五輸穴鍼法). Principles, Acupuncture Points(經穴), standards of diagnosis and treatment subjects of FPT Acupuncture Methods used in practices of Korean Medicine (韓醫學) were analyzed through updated literature. Next, the theoretical issues of FPT Acupuncture Methods regarding the composition of selecting exclusively on Five Transport Points(五輸穴) and targeted treatment subjects were investigated. Based upon the investigation, the future direction of development was studied. Results & Conclusions: Firstly, pattern identification and treatment of FPT Acupuncture Methods targeted mostly on Viscera and Bowels(臟腑). However, some showed the tendency to Five Phases Reductionism(五行 還元主義) which attempts to apply Five Phase Theory(五行學說) to symptoms that were not related to Viscera and Bowels(臟腑). Secondly, Five Transport Points(五輸穴) are theoretically related to 'Viscera and Bowels in Concept of Visceral Manifestation(臟象臟腑)'. Thirdly, when the cause of the symptoms exceeds the main therapeutic range of FPT Acupuncture Methods, it is effective to add Acupuncture Points(經穴) excluding Five Transport Points(五輸穴). And also, it is efficient to use Acupuncture Methods(鍼法) that is not based on principles of Five Phase Theory(五行學說). For the accomplishment, further researches on the approaches to apply basic Korean Medical principles such as Three Yin and Three Yang(三陰三陽) into Acupuncture Methods(鍼法) and Acupuncture Points(經穴) are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.42 no.10 s.200
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to provide information for the manufacturers of shoes for males to develop more adequate footwear. The data was collected through a questionnaire on purchasing and wearing practices of footwear, and overall satisfaction with the shoes for males. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 237 male adults in the Cheongju area. Most of the respondents were commuting by their own cars and the average walking time in their shoes was five minutes per day. The main reasons for buying new footwear were to replace the worn out footwear or to adapt the color and design coordination with other apparel. Males generally bought footwear from sports brand retailers and individual footwear stores. The criteria for purchasing in order of considered were size, design, price, comfort, and style coordination. During the spring, autumn and winter seasons, the footwear of first choice was ordinary shoes, followed by exercise shoes, but during the summer season they wore sandals next to the ordinary shoes. Regarding the form of the shoes, they preferred classic models with round front and strings. They were satisfied with the design, color and size of the shoes, but the price, quality and durability of the material were considered to be unsatisfactory.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.265-269
• /
• 2007

The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments in two watersheds, one naturally regenerating and one artificially planted, in Sacheon-myun, Gangneung-si, Gangwon Province, were measured two years after a forest fire in 2000. Sediment losses occurred five times in the course of the year. In the artificially planted watershed, $50{\sim}140$ times more nitrogen and $54{\sim}139$ times more phosphorus were lost with sediments during heavy rains, from July to August, than in the naturally regenerating watershed. When the typhoon Rusa struck the country, 1,389 times more nitrogen and 1,647 times more phosphorus were lost from the artificial watershed. In spite of the limited scope of this study, these results suggest that artificially planted watersheds are extremely vulnerable to catastrophic natural disasters such as typhoons. Elevated loss of nutrients in the artificially planted watershed might have resulted from the mechanized silvicultural practices employed immediately after the fire. To maximize soil preservation, the timing and necessity of plantation practices should be reconsidered, and rapidly regenerating vegetation should be protected to promote nutrient uptake and to mitigate nutrient loss from burned forests.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.411-422
• /
• 2021

Technological adaption and innovative activities foster small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growth, especially women-owned SMEs in Pakistan, However, the impact of technological adaption and innovative activities on SMEs growth in the context of Pakistan has been examined by very researchers. This study aims to identify the effect of technology and open innovation policies on the growth of women-owned SMEs and the present trends and management challenges for successful full implementation of open innovation. The study considered a sample of 693 women enterprises located in different cities in Pakistan. Open innovation is measured through eight innovative practices, reflecting the exploration and exploitation of technology in SMEs. Study findings revealed that women enterprises were involved in several open innovation policies during the last five years. Moreover, the study indicated no significant differences between manufacturing and service SMEs regarding open innovation practices; however, women enterprises are more impressively engaged in open innovation practices. Findings also reveal that women-owned SMEs follow open innovation, mainly for market-related intentions, to compete with competitors and meet customers' demands. Thus, it is suggested that government policy relating to thriving SMEs owned by women should be innovation-oriented. The study contributes to the theoretical and practical implications. Further, the study is helpful for SMEs, researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers.