• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.1078-1080
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• 2002

The pressure variation of interstitial fluid is one of the most important factors in bone physiology. In order to understand the role of interstitial fluid and the biomechanical interactions between fluid and solid constituents within bone, poroelastic theory was applied. The purpose of this study is to describe the behavior of calf vertebral trabecular bone composed of the porous solid trabeculae and the viscous bone marrow by using a commercial finite element analysis program based on the poroelasticity. In this study, the model was numerically tested for 5 different strain rates, i. e., 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 per second. The material properties of the calf vertebral trabecular bone were utilized from the previous experimental study. Two asymptotic poroelastic response, the drained and undrained deformation, were predicted. From the predicted results for the simulated five strain rate, it was found that the pore pressure generation has a linearly increasing behavior when the strain rate is the highest at 10 per second, other wise it showed a nonlinear the strain rate Increased. Based on the results of the present study, it was suggested that the calf vertebral trabecular bone could be modeled as a porous material and its strain rate dependent material behavior could be predicted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.472-478
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• 2004

This paper describes the characteristics of the unsteady pressure on the stator surface induced by rotor viscous wakes. The primary object of this study is to investigate the effects of axial spacing between the rotor and the stator and three-dimensional vane geometries such as stator sweep and stator lean on the unsteady pressure fluctuations on the stator vane. To predict these fluctuations, unsteady three-dimensional Navier-Stokes analyses are performed. Furthermore, a three-dimensional analytical method using unsteady lifting-surface theory is also used to elucidate the mechanism of interaction of passing rotor wakes with downstream stator. Five different fan configurations with three sets of stator geometries, which are three radial stator configurations with different axial spacing, the swept stator and the swept and leaned stator, are used for this study. It is found that, in axial spacing between rotor and stator, the effect of radial phase skew of incoming rotor wake is important for the reduction of the induced unsteady pressure in addition to the rotor wake decay. It is also shown that incorporation of stator sweep and lean is effective to reduce this unsteady pressure.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2005

The shape of vertical pattern of base station antenna affects greatly quality of the communication of not only a service zone but also adjacent cells and then it is an important point to be considered in designing cell coverage. Currently type of vertical patterns to be applied to base station antenna are divided into five classes. In designing antenna, these five classes are applied solely or compositely according to the environment to be used antenna. In this paper, the dual polarized antenna for base station that is with a continuous electrical down tilting and with a shaped beam pattern, that an upper side lobe is suppressed and a lower null is filled, is designed and fabricated for synthesizing of the shape beant the pattern synthesis methods proposed by R. S. Elliott is used sequentially and for the electrical don tilting, the phased array theory is applied. Measured results show the down tilting range from 0° to 14°, the gain of Min. 13.3dBi and the upper side lobe of Max. -23dB. And we verified that upper side lobe is not to vary greatly and null filling performance is favorable overall.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.49-65
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• 2014

This paper investigates how strategy formulation and implementation processes used by the University of Cape Coast (UCC) in building its digital collections compare with the Andrew's strategic formulation and implementation theoretical framework. Theory-testing case study methodology was used. The data collection instruments were the key informant interview technique and document reviews. During the formulation phase, two aspects (resources and aspirations of senior management) were emergent. During the implementation phase, five aspects (achieving results, processes and behaviour, standards, motivation, personal) were emergent. All other elements of building the UCC digital collections were planned during both the formulation and implementation phases. Although the emphasis on students and learning is laudable and apt, there seems to be lack of focus on research support beyond digital collection building, despite the fact that research excellence is one of the UCC's key priorities. Opportunities exist for improving feedback mechanisms between the users, digital library staff and the university management; and inclusion of social media tools in the digital library project. Since only the experience of a single institution of higher learning is considered, it cannot be definitively stated that strategy formulation and implementation will be similar in every institutional context. However, the results provide a basis for academic digital libraries to draw lessons from this case. In African public universities, there is little earlier research on strategy formulation and implementation in digital library management. Strategy formulation and implementation is a critical issue for higher education academic libraries especially in developing countries like Ghana, due to limited financial resources and the rapid change in the information environment during the last several decades.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.531-565
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• 2011

All previous studies analyzing multivariate time series data of EUA (European Union Allowance) price commonly used endogenous variables within the four variables and included the period from April to June of 2006 in the analysis, when the price distortion occurred. This study uses graph theory and structural vector error correction model (SVECM) to analyze the daily time series data of the EUA (European Union Allowance) price. As endogenous variables, five variables are considered for the analysis, including prices of crude oil, natural gas, electricity and coal in addition to carbon price. Data period is Phase 2 period (April 21, 2008 to March 31, 2010) to avoid the EUA price distortion of Phase 1 period (2005~2007). Further, the monthly data including the economic variables as endogenous variables are analyzed.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.43
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• pp.1-22
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• 2016

So far, the Studio Ghibli's major masterpieces, and have been studied extensively from mythical and psychological perspectives due to the films' intrinsic symbolism within their characters and events. However, there have been insufficient in-depth research on the types of love the two works have. Therefore, this study will focus on how the types of love in the two animations mirror the concept of love in Plato's theory of Eros through the analysis of two films' characters. The desire for memory and recovery can be seen in , and glimpses of each phase of aim towards changes in physical appearance can be shown in . These describe the function and the purpose of Eros that Plato states in Socrates' terms in Phaedrus and Symposium. Plato ultimately defined Eros as a spirit that leads to the world of Ideas and suggested the five stages of love that are divided in accordance with the ultimate purpose and attitude of mankind towards Eros. The cognition area, changes in appearance of the characters and spatial ranks in and critically reveal such core concepts of the theory of Eros. It is noteworthy that the two works show the origin of the most universal ideology of the West. These two animation films are particularly significant in terms of that they reflect the western epistemology while covering exclusive and covert ethnic emotions.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.676-679
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• 2009

The bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) is the most commonly observed seismic indicator of gas hydrate in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea. We processed ten representative seismic reflection profiles, selected from a large data set, for amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis of the BSR to estimate gas-hydrate concentrations. First, BSRs were divided into five groups based on their seismic amplitudes and associated sediment types: (1) very high-amplitude BSRs in turbidite/hemipelagic sediments, (2) high-amplitude BSRs in debris-flow deposits, (3) moderate-amplitude BSRs in turbidite/hemipelagic sediments, (4) very low-amplitude BSRs in debris-flow deposits, and (5) very low-amplitude BSRs in seismic chimneys. The AVO responses of the group 1 and 3 BSRs are characterized by a rapid decrease and a relatively slow decrease in magnitude with offset, respectively. The AVO response of the group 2 BSR is characterized by a relatively slow increase in magnitude with offset. The AVO responses of the groups 4 and 5 BSRs are characterized by a flat AVO with very small zero-offset amplitude. Theoretical AVO curves, based on the three-phase Biot theory, suggest that the group 1 and 3 BSRs may be related to high (> 40%) concentrations of gas hydrate whereas the group 2 BSRs may indicate low (< 20%) concentrations of gas hydrate. The AVO responses of the group 4 and 5 BSRs cannot be compared with the theoretical models because of their very small zero-offset amplitudes. The comparison of the AVO response of the BSR at the UBGH-04 well with theoretical models suggests about 10% gas-hydrate concentration above the gas-hydrate stability zone.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.855-863
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• 2012

The organic and holistic recognition method about nature in east asian philosophy is also applied to the study of the human body in Korean medicine. In Korean medicine, the human body is being understood from a holistic point of view rather than a mechanical or reductive one. The main east asian philosophies are the heavens thought and the Yin-yang/Five Phase Theory. This study will explore the influence the general flow of heavens thought has on explaining the human body in Korean medicine and the formation of how the human body is perceived in "Huangdineijing"(黃帝內經). First, the primitive meaning of heaven was developed to include the natural heaven of Xia (夏), the lord heaven of Shang(商) and the moral heaven of Zhou(周) dynasties. Among these, the natural heaven notion of the Xia(夏) dynasty which recognized heaven as the one with the power to create everything. This was followed by Taoism which established the contrasting system of heaven and earth. Based on this, "Huangdineijing"(黃帝 內經) developed the perception of the human body, taking into account, heaven as the original substance to generate the human body through the mutual sympathy between heavenly energy and earthly form. The perspective of the correspondence between nature and human in "Huainantzu"(淮南子) and "L$\breve{u}$shichunqiu"(呂氏春秋) was succeeded by Tung Chung-Shu(董仲舒). Based on this development, the perception of the human body in "Huangdineijing"(黃帝內經) is related to the seasonal cycle and the notion of night and day to balance the physiology of the human body. It recognizes that its structure, shape, emotional state and physiological actions are correlated with heaven.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2009

Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) is one of most widely used methods in modem engineering system to investigate potential failure modes and its severity upon the system. FMECA evaluates criticality and severity of each failure mode and visualize the risk level matrix putting those indices to column and row variable respectably. Generally, those indices are determined subjectively by experts and operators. However, this process has no choice but to include uncertainty. In this paper, a method for eliciting expert opinions considering its uncertainty is proposed to evaluate the criticality and severity. In addition, a fuzzy expert system is constructed in order to determine the crisp value of risk level for each failure mode. Finally, an illustrative example system is analyzed in the case study. The results are worth considering while deciding the proper policies for each component of the system.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 2009

Objectives : Mistletoe extracts have been in use for around 85 years, predominantly in the area of cancer therapy. Today mistletoe preparations are among the most prescribed drugs in cancer medicine, thus constituting a standard biological therapy in the area of oncology. The purpose of this study is to analyze the practical implications of mistletoe cancer therapy, their clinical status, their preparation techniques and companies. Contents : Mistletoe therapy for cancer has been developed within the context of anthroposophical medicine. One major effect of mistletoe extract is that it stimulates the immune system and cancer defences. In Germany, a total of eight different mistletoe preparations are available, five developed by Anthroposophic Medicine and three evolved from research in phytotherapy. Therapy always consists of an introductory phase in order to test the patient's tolerance, find the right dosage and choose the most suitable preparation. This paper covers the background of mistletoe medical plant materials, mistletoe therapy for cancer, the anthroposophical medicine and clinical research, the practical regulation of treatment, preparation of mistletoe drugs. Result & suggestion : Mistletoe extracts are a complementary teratment of cancer, widely used in intergrative cancer care. The study of the integration of korean mistletoe extracts to oriental cancer medicine, its development and feasibility in Korea are urgently needed. The products, substances, compositions of european mistletoe drugs are very similar to those of oriental medicine theory. Applying the mistletoe cancer therapy and its preparation techniques to oriental medicine, the herbal acupuncture preparation should be modernized and korean mistletoe products are to be developed. To this end, government and herbal acupuncture society need to interact each other for the development of oriental mistletoe cancer medicine.