• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3229-3232
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• 2012

In this study, cancer incidence data were assessed to provide various rates of five year age groups for a given year, lying between two census years. The individual exponential growth rate method is most useful in both population-based and non-population cased cancer registries in India to estimate the population by five yearly age groups and also find the rates of crude rates, age standard rates and cumulative rates. This method has been shown to endure from bias and often results sacrificing the overall growth rate and correction factor must be needful in five year age group population to maintain it. A second method, the difference distribution method is also able to maintain the overall growth rate and overcome the bias in estimation of five yearly age group populations. From this point of view these methods serving a new technique for population estimation by five yearly age groups for inter census years.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.754-770
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• 2000

The definite objects of this study are as follows ; 1. The study presents concrete objects of the shape of adult women's neck and shoulder after comparing and analyzing the features of five age groups ; the former young age, the latter young age, the former middle age, the latter middle age, the latter middle age and the old age. 2. The study presents concrete objects of adult women's neck and shoulder by the body types ; bend-forward type, straight type and lean-back type in order to be examined the body types. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. The shape of neck and shoulder needs the several concrete objects of each types because of the variable factors in size and body types. But the concrete objects of the types referred in five age groups contain all the important factors and enable to design the body suitable clothes. 2. This study shows that generally bend-forward type contains rising shoulder and lean-back type contains drooping shoulder, and straight type contains average value of neck and shoulder. The results of this study developed the body-suitable clothes of bend-forward type, straight type and lean-back type.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2011

This study presents characteristics of representative five hand dimensions including hand length, medius finger length, hand circumference, hand breadth and hand thickness, and hand scales by gender and age for Koreans. The study was based on data of hand dimensions published in 2008 by Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. The hand dimensions of males were nearly the same as those of females until age of 12~13(10~11 in hand thickness), but the males' were larger than the females' from age group of 14~15 or 12~13. The growth of the hand dimensions was found until age of 12~13(14~15 in hand thickness) in females and 16~17 in males. After the age groups, the hand dimensions was almost the same irrespective of age groups. ANOVA was performed to investigate significant factors affecting hand dimensions. Representative five hand dimensions were significantly affected by gender and age, while they were not affected by occupation. Two hand scales were proposed depending upon gender, for easily using hand characteristics in design stage of hand relevant products. In addition, regression equations were provided for quantitatively predicting hand dimensions on the basis of representative five hand dimensions.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.644-652
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• 2017

In this study, we have analyzed the 2015 KNHANES VI to understand the nutritional and health status of Korean middle-age adults from the perspective of frequency of eating breakfast. Those that eat breakfast five to seven times a week were 76.3 percent (male) and 72.7 percent (female). Frequency of eating lunch and dinner, and eating out was significantly higher among male subjects. The higher the frequency of eating breakfast, the higher the frequency of eating lunch, dinner and eating out. Female subjects that ate breakfast five to seven times a week had lower height and weight compared with other groups, but there was no significant difference of BMI and waist circumference among the four groups. Adults that eat breakfast five to seven times a week had consumed more carbohydrates, dietary fiber, phosphorus, potassium and vitamin C regardless of gender, which validates the nutritional benefits of eating meals regularly. Male adults that ate breakfast five to seven times a week revealed lower levels of diastolic blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol compared with other groups, which validates eating breakfast regularly was beneficial to their health. In conclusion, it is necessary to eat regular meals daily relative to the nutritional status and health of Korean middle-age adults.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.276-295
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• 2001

In this paper, Korean's dining-out behaviors were compared and investigated according to gender and age. The change and the problem of dietary pattern in Korea were understood and we intend to provide the basic information for guidelines of Korean's dietary habits. The subjects are composed of 46.5% male and 53.5% female. According to age, groups aged $10{\sim}19$ are 26.3%, 20's are 24.6%, 30's are 16.8%, 40's are 18.7%, and 50 and over age group is 13.6%. All of the age groups ate out for celebration of a special day or for social purposes. When dining-out, the most important criteria for selecting a restaurant was the taste of food. All age groups liked Korean-style restaurants the most. All age group eat a house meal at breakfast. At lunch, age groups 40 and below go to a restaurant in school or company and 50 and over age group eats house meal. In general, all age groups ate a house meal at dinner. At breakfast, all the age groups do not eat out. For lunch, they eat out four or five times a week. For dinner, the most of age groups except the 20's eat out two or three times a month and for the 20's age group, two or three times a week. The reason for selecting a Korean-style restaurant is that the food is 'well matched with one's appetite'. According to the above results, the dietary habits of 30 and over age groups are relatively good. On the other hand, in 10's and 20's age groups, they have an irregular meal and the ratio of skipping a meal is high. And they frequently use fast-food restaurants. In the future, the unbalance of nutrition in these age groups is expected. Therefore, the correct nutritional facts should be educated so that these age groups have a healthy dietary habit.

• Architectural research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

Designing environments for the elderly includes studying changes in the elderly themselves, changes in their environment, and changes in the intercommunication between the elderly and their environment. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines for a ubiquitous environment in which seniors can "age in place," using an environment-behavioral approach. 305 subjects aged 45 to 78 take part in the survey research. Temporal sequence (age groups) and behavior (daily activities) are considered as the significant variables to design digital services for the elderly in the perspective of an environment-behavioral approach. Several conclusions can be made. (1) The characteristics of subjects in the over-65 age group shows that they manage an independent lifestyle even if they realize some body functions deteriorate as they age. (2) Over-65 age group is more engaged in healthcare and pastime activities. The male subjects of it are most inactive. (3) The IDA (importance of daily activities) and FDA (frequency of daily activities) are classified by five to six factors in each group. The IDA and FDA of the group aged over 65 differ from other age groups. (4) Five affordance dimensions of digital services for the elderly are proposed: Healthcare, Domesticity, Mobility & Security, Network, and Recreation & Pastime. These affordance dimensions will help research groups or companies design ubiquitous environments to enhance the quality of life of seniors.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.107-110
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• 2003

The effect of broodstock age on the spawning performance of cultured abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, was assessed for five age groups (3, 4, 5, 6, 7 years old). Spawning performance of the five age groups was assessed in terms of the percentage of spawning abalone, eggs per spawning female, fertilization rates, hatch rates and attachment rates per spawning. The percentage of spawning abalone increased along with broodstock age, reached maximum in female groups of 5- and 6-year age (60%), and in male group of 6-year age (100%), subsequently decreased in 7-year age group. The number of eggs produced per spawning also increased with broodstock age, and the maximum was found in 6-year age. Although the number of spawned eggs for the oldest abalone declined, it still spawned much more eggs than 3, 4, and 5 years old females. The fertilization and hatch rates were obviously larger for 4-6 years old group than the younger and older abalones. The maxima were found in 5-year age group (96.0% and 84.5%), and the minimum were appeared in 7-year age group (79.3% and 58.2%). The attachment rate increased with broodstock age, reached maximum in 6-year age group (33.6%), although the increment gradually declined. The attachment rate for 7-year age group rapidly decreased (16.6%). These results suggested that broodstock age affected the spawning performance of H. discus hannai, which peaked between 5 and 6 years old, and broodstock should be bred during this period for hatchery production.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2014

Purpose - This paper examines Kazakh women's spending patterns and buying behavior. Research design, data, and methodology - After thoroughly reviewing the related literature on consumer behavior in general, and female consumer behavior in particular, both questionnaires and in-depth personal interviews were used to collect data from 400 Kazakh women consumers equally chosen from the age groups 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, and above 50. Results - A stratified and convenient sample was employed, and the selected five hypotheses were proved using the Karl Pearson Coefficient of Correlation. Related to spending patterns, 40 and 35 percent of the 20-30 and 30-40 age groups, respectively, of Kazakh women spend their incomes on personal items, as against 30 percent from both the 40-50 and 50 and above age groups. Twenty-five and 35 percent of the 40-50 and 50 and above age group, respectively, take decisions based on product quality, whereas this percentage is at its mite in the below 40 age group. Conclusions - The buying behavior of Kazakh women consumers is revealed; the results proffer useful background information to formulate marketing strategies.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the elderly physical fitness test for elderly people living in urban areas and to evaluate the physical fitness level according to gender and age groups. Methods: The subjects were 180 elderly people aged 65 and over living in urban areas. The elderly people were classified into early old age, middle old age, and advanced old age groups. Five items of the physical fitness test for the elderly (arm curl, chair stand, 2 min step test, back scratch, and chair sit and reach). Results: In analyzing the average of each item by gender and age, a significant difference was found in the results of each item as age increased in all sports, but no difference was observed according to gender except dumbbell lifting. Conclusion: Although the physical fitness level of all ages decreased from early age to late age, the difference in physical fitness according to gender was not significant except the arm curl test. The results of this study can be used as basic data for a new "age-specific exercise program" for the elderly.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.279-290
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clothing purchasing behavior, clothing preference images of the elderly woman according the fashion Items by 3 age groups(65-69 yr, 70-74 yr, over 75 yr). The subjects in this study were 372 elderly women over sixty-five years old in Kimhae and Busan. The major objectives of this study were as follow; 1. Compare the differences in the fashion interest according to the age groups. 2. Compare the differences in the clothing behaviors according to the age groups. 3. Compare the differences in the preference styles of the clothing items according to the age groups. 4. Relationship between age and clothing preference images according the fashion items. The results were as follows: 1. In the fashion interests, 3 age groups of the elderly woman showed significant difference in following fashion interest. 2. In the clothing behaviors according the fashion items, 3 age groups of the elderly woman showed significant difference in the outer, the upper, the underwear, the sportswear and the accessories. 3. In the clothing preference styles according the fashion items, 3 age groups of the elderly woman showed significant difference in the length of jacket, the pants, the skirt. 4. In the clothing preference images according the fashion items, 3 age groups of the elderly woman showed significant difference in all images of the jacket, the pants, the skirt and the one-piece dress.