• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2009

연구목적: 4종 구치용도재관(Full-porcelain-occlusal-surfaced PFG, Half-porcelain-occlusal-surfaced PFG, Empress 2, Ice Zirkon)과 선별된 한국음식의 fracture load와 dynamic cyclic load를 측정하여 구치용 도재관에 파절을 일으킬 가능성이 있는 한국음식을 선별하는데 있다. 연구재료 및 방법: 4종의 각 porcelain 보철물 system 당 15개의 축대칭을 이루는 crown을 제작했다. 이때 occlusal reduction은 1.5-2.0 mm로 했다(중심부 1.5 mm, 교두부 2.0 mm). 각 15개의 시편의 교합면 중앙부에 직경 5 mm의 stainless steel ball을 위치시킨 후 Instron 4465 universal testing machine(Instron, Norwood, MA USA)을 이용하여 5 mm/min의 crosshead speed로 수직 부하를 주어 파절을 일으키는 최대 부하(N)를 기록했다. 이후, 한국음식 중 삶은 게, 닭(뼈포함), 소갈비(뼈포함), 마른 오징어, 건멸치, 사탕, 호두껍질을 표본으로 설정하고 이들을 파절시키는 최대 부하(N)를 universal testing machine(Instron 4465) 에서 측정하여 기록했다. 각 항목당 15번을 측정했다. 음식물을 파절시킬 때 필요한 최대부하와 각 보철물의 파절저항을 비교하여 한국의 식습관과 도재를 이용한 보철물 파절의 상관관계를 조사하였다. fracture loads는 analysis of variance 와 Post Hoc tests를 이용해서 분석하였다($\alpha$=0.05). 차후에 위에서 얻은 결과를 바탕으로 Hydraulic Dynamic Fatigue Testing Machine(858 Bionix II, MTS systems, Eden Prairie, MN USA)를 이용하여 4종의 각 porcelain 보철물 system당 5개의 crown에 14Hz Cyclic Load를 가하여 crown에 파절을 일으키는 masticatory cycle수를 알아 보았다. Load 수치는 41.0 N(건멸치 파절강도), 169.0 N(마른오징어 파절강도), 382.9 N(닭뼈 파절강도), 2224.8 N(사탕 파절강도)로 설정하였다. 결과: 95% confidence intervals for mean fracture load는 2599.3-2809.1 N(완전도재교합면 PFG), 3689.4-3819.9 N(반도재교합면 PFG), 1501.2-1867.9 N(Ice Zirkon), 803.2-1188.5 N(Empress 2)로 나왔고 95% confidence intervals for dynamic cyclic load on fracture는 instron 상에서 도재보철물에 파절을 일으키지 않은 load인 2224.8 N(사탕 파절강도)와 382.9 N(닭뼈 파절강도)로 실험했을 때, 2224.8 N에서 4796.8-9321.2 cycles(완전도재교합면 PFG), 2224.8 N에서 881705.1-1143565.7 cycles(반도재교합면 PFG), 382.9 N에서 979993.0-1145773.4 cycles(Ice Zirkon), 382.9 N에서 564.1-954.7 cycles(Empress 2)로 나왔다. 결론: 통계학적으로 유의할 만한 차이가 그룹들 간 fracture load에서 나타났다. 한국음식물 중 소갈비(뼈포함)와 사탕(자두맛캔디)은 구치용 도재보철물을 파절시킬 가능성이 있는 음식물로 밝혀졌다. 단일수직부하에서는 파절이 생기지 않는 경우라 할지라도 dynamic cyclic load를 줄 경우 일정 주기 후에 파절이 생기는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.298-331
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• 1996

Recent improvements in living standard and development in medical care led to an increased interest in life expectancy and personal health, and also led to a more demand for higher quality of life. Thus, the problem of women's health draw a fresh interest nowadays. Since late-middle aged women experience various physical and socio-psychological changes and tend to have chronic illnesses, these women have to take initiatives for their health control by realizing their own responsibility. The basic elements for a healthy life of these women are understanding of their physical and psychological changes and acceptance of these changes. Health promoting behaviors of an individual or a group are actions toward increasing the level of well-being and self-actualization, and are affected by various variables. In Pender's health promoting model, variables are categorized into cognitive factors(individual perceptions), modifying factors, and variables affecting the likelihood for actions, and the model assumes the health promoting behaviors are affected by cognitive factors which are again affected by demographic factors. Since Pender's model was proposed based on a tool broad conceptual frame, many studies done afterwards have included only a limited number of variables of Pender's model. Furthermore, Pender's model did not precisely explain the possibilities of direct and indirect paths effects. The objectives of this study are to evaluate Pender's model and thus propose a model that explains health promoting behaviors among late-middle aged women in order to facilitate nursing intervention for this group of population. The hypothetical model was developed based on the Pender's health promoting model and the findings from past studies on women's health. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 417 women living in Seoul, between July and November 1994. Questionnaires were developed based on instruments of Walker and others' health promotion lifestyle profile, Wallston and others' multidimensional health locus of control, Maoz's menopausal symptom check list and Speake and others' health self-rating scale. IN addition, items measuring self-efficacy were made by the present author based on past studies. In a pretest, the questionnaire items were reliable with Cronbach's alpha ranging from .786 to .934. The models for health promoting behaviors were tested by using structural equation modelling technique with LISREL 7.20. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good (chi-square=4.42, df=5, p=.490, GFI=.995, AGFI=.962, RMSR=.024). 2. Paths of the model were modified by considering both its theoretical implication and statistical significance of the parameter estimates. Compared to the hypothetical model, the revised model has become parsimonious and had a better fit to the data (chi-square =4.55, df=6, p=.602, GFI=.995, AGFI=.967, RMSR=.024). 3. The results of statistical testing were as follows : 1) Family function internal health locus of control, self-efficacy, and education level exerted significant effects on health promoting behaviors(${\gamma}_{43}$=.272, T=3.714; ${\beta}_[41}$=.211, T=2.797; ${\beta}_{42}$=.199, T=2.717; ${\gamma}_{41}$=.136, T=1.986). The effect of economic status, physical menopausal symptoms, and perceived health status on health promoting behavior were insignificant(${\gamma}_{42}$=.095, T=1.456; ${\gamma}_{44}$=.101, T=1.143; ${\gamma}_{43}$=.082, T=.967). 2) Family function had a significance direct effect on internal health locus of control (${\gamma}_{13}$=.307, T=3.784). The direct effect of education level on internal health locus of control was insignificant(${\gamma}_{11}$=-.006, T=-.081). 3) The directs effects of family functions & internal health locus of control on self-efficacy were significant(${\gamma}_{23}$=.208, T=2.607; ${\beta}_{21}$=.191, T=2.2693). But education level and economic status did not exert a significant effect on self-efficacy(${\gamma}_{21}$=.137, T=1.814; ${\beta}_{22}$=.137, T=1.814; ${\gamma}_{22}$=.112, T=1.499). 4) Education level had a direct and positive effect on perceived health status, but physical menopausal symptoms had a negative effect on perceived health status and these effects were all significant(${\gamma}_{31}$=.171, T=2.496; ${\gamma}_{34}$=.524, T=-7.120). Internal health locus and self-efficacy had an insignificant direct effect on perceived health status(${\beta}_{31}$=.028, T=.363; ${\beta}_{32}$=.041, T=.557). 5) All predictive variables of health promoting behaviors explained 51.8% of the total variance in the model. The above findings show that health promoting behaviors are explained by personal, environmental and perceptual factors : family function, internal health locus of control, self-efficacy, and education level had stronger effects on health promoting behaviors than predictors in the model. A significant effect of family function on health promoting behaviors reflects an important role of the Korean late-middle aged women in family relationships. Therefore, health professionals first need to have a proper evaluation of family function in order to reflect the family function style into nursing interventions and development of strategies. These interventions and strategies will enhance internal health locus of control and self-efficacy for promoting health behaviors. Possible strategies include management of health promoting programs, use of a health information booklets, and individual health counseling, which will enhance internal health locus of control and self-efficacy of the late-middle aged women by making them aware of health responsibilities and value for oneself. In this study, an insignificant effect of physical menopausal symptoms and perceived health status on health promoting behaviors implies that they are not motive factors for health promoting behaviors. Further analytic researches are required to clarify the influence of physical menopausal symptoms and perceived health status on health promoting behaviors with-middle aged women.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.63-92
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• 2012

본 연구는 소비자가 지각하는 유통업체의 위치기반 모바일 쇼핑정보 서비스에 대한 정보의 상황관련성과 정보자극에 대한 PAD 감정변수들(환기, 지배력, 즐거움) 간의 상호 인과관계와 이용의도에 대한 이들의 효과를 실증 연구 하였다. 미국 내 모바일 이용자를 대상으로 무작위 표본추출법에 근거하여 추출되었고, 총 335명의 사용가능한 응답이 수거되었다. 분석결과, 환기와 상황관련성은 즐거움에 정(+)의 영향을 주었으나 지배력은 즐거움에 유의한 영향력을 나타내지 않았다. 즐거움은 이용의도에 정(+)의 영향을 주었다. 본 연구를 통해 위치기반 모바일 서비스에 대한 소비자의 인지적 반응과 감정적 반응을 통합적으로 살펴보았으며, PAD 감정차원간의 체계적인 관계를 규명하였다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 모바일 쇼핑서비스 개발자, 유통업체, 그리고 마케팅 실무자를 위한 시사점을 논의하였으며, 연구의 한계점과 더불어 향후 연구 방향을 제시하였다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.109-129
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• 1994

Chronic health problems has become a major concern and challenge to the health care professionals today. Especially hypertension, one of the leading primary cause of death in Korea, is a typical chronic disease requiring adequate and continuous management. Though these hypertensives need to maintain desirable health practice by themselves for their life time, many previous studies indicated that most of the essential hypertensives have no specific symptoms and thus, reluctant to follow appropriate medical regimens causing the condition further aggravated and complicated. Self-care is an essential factor that keeps chronic patients in control of their health and wellness. Thus this study was conducted to identify the effect of the comprehensive self-regulation program as a nursing intervention on the promotion self-care performance and improvement in physical parameters of hypertensives. For this purpose, a one group quasi-experimental research with pre and post test design was used. The subjects of the study was consisted of thirty persons with mild or moderate essential hypertension from two companies in Cheong-ju city. The whole program was carried out from October, 1993 to February, 1994. The self-regulation program was consisted with group education on hypertension and self-care, self-regulation including the blood pressure self-monitoring and recording, recording of daily self-care activities, and encouraging and reinforcing self-efficacy through verbal persuation and enactive attainment. The subjects were asked to measure their own blood pressure by themselves twice per day and to record blood pressure and the daily self-care performance according to the instructions provided during the whole period of 9 weeks. The instruments used for data collection in this study were as follows : 1) Instruments used for measuring the knowledge about hypertension, multiple health locus of control, and perceived benifits and barriers were adapted from previous studies and modified by author to be fit for the subjects. 2) Self-efficacy scale and self-care performance record were developed by the author. 3) Physiological parameters included systolic / diastolic blood pressure, body weight, level of blood cholesterol, and 24hour ambulatory blood pressure. The post-experimental Cronbach's Alpha as the reliability test of scales were 0.703-0.897, an appropriate level of confidence. The effect of the program was analyzed by experimental stages ; the first week, the fifth week, and the ninth week since the experimental imput began. Data were analyzed by the SPSS PC+ program with paired t-test and t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and pearson's correlation to de termine the effect of program. The results were as follows : 1) After the self-regulation program, scores on knowledge(t=-2.41, p=.011), perceived self-efficacy (F=5.60, p=.001), self-care performance(F=22.31, p=.0001) were significantly higher than those before the program. 2) After the program, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower than those before the program(F=10.89 -13.11, p=.0001). However in 24hour ambulatory blood pressure, systolic mean pressure was nearly significantly lower, but not in diastolic mean pressure. 3) After the program, the body weight was significant decresed(t=5.53, p=.0001), but the blood cholesterol level was not decreased significantly except in those cases with higher cholesterol level. 4) There were significant relationships between changes in self-care performance and diastolic pressure at 1st week (r=.3389, p=.033) and changes in self-care performance and systolic pressure at 9th week(r=.3651, p=.024). 5) There were significant relationship between perceived self-efficacy and self-care performance at 5th week(r=.5313, p=.001) and 9th week (r=.3026, p=.052). 6) After the program, internal health locus of control and perceived benefits did not show significant change, but perceived barriers was significantly lower than those before the program (t=3.57, p=.0001). From the above results, it can be concluded that 1) The self-regulation program is an effective nursing strategy to promote self-care performance of hypertensives and to lower the blood pressure. Thus this program can be recommended in the management of the hypertensives in workplaces and community settings. 2) The synthesis of Orem's self-care theory and Bandura's self-regulation & self-efficacy theory in this study was proved to enhance explanation and prediction of the change of self-care behavior. Thus the result of the study would contribute in development of the self-care theory and an expansion of practice-theory.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2001

The health of a nurse is very important because her mental and physical health can influence toward nursing patients directly, Especially, Cancer patients are growing annually. Also, terminal cancer patients' nursing and dead place are increasingly using hospital and the period of nursing for cancer patients are increasing. Nursing for cancer patients are different with acute disease. Therefore, I analysed comparing nurses' health working in cancer and general ward so that nurses working at cancer ward could be developed as a professional nurse, and I wanted to establish the foundation of nursing administration and reasonable manpower management to supply good quality of nursing to patients. In my research, I selected 117 nurses working in cancer ward and 134 nurses working in general word to analyse the stress rate and nurse's health comparing nurses working in general ward and cancer ward. The survey was conducted of nurses working in cancer ward nurses in 2 university hospitals, nurses working in a cancer hospital, and general ward nurses working in 3 public hospital. Also, the data was collected from Sep. 13, 2001 to Sep. 28, 2001. As health measuring tool, I used Cornell Medical Index(CMI) which are developed to fit Koreans by Ko Ungrin and Park Hang-bas (1980) using Cornell Medical Services which were designed by Weiser, Brosman, Mittelman, Wechler, Wolff in Cornell University(1945). As working stress measuring tool, I used Questionaries which were designed by Kim Mae-ja and Ku Mi-ok(1984) and then developed by Bae In-sook(1996). For managing the data, I used frequency, percentage, ${\chi}^2$ verification, t-test, and F-test (ANOVA). And in the case of significant data(p<.05). I did Duncan's test for post verification. The mutual relation between health condition and working stress rate have been conducted using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. Followings are the results of my research. 1. Two groups showed significant differency at age after testing homogeneous character between two groups (${\chi}^2$ =9.919, p=.007). 2. Comparing two group's health condition, cancer ward(average 19.35${\pm}$18.34) were higher than general ward(14.42${\pm}$10.59) and showed statistical significant differency(p=.009). And, comparing two group's mental condition, cancer ward(9.00${\pm}$9.79) were higher than general ward(7.13${\pm}$6.35) and statistically no differency. 3. After comparing two group's working stress rate, the rate of cancer ward nurse's working stress(3.36${\pm}$.50) is higher than general ward nurse (3.32${\pm}$.48). There are no significant differency. However, in the detailed verification test, there were significant differency at inappropriate compensation (t=3.254, p=.001) and medication issue (t=2.170, p=.031). 4. After comparing health condition at general points, physical health condition showed significant differency at age(p=.020), the number of children (p=.015), religion (p=.015), position(p=.005), career(p=.008), working satisfaction(p=.003), activity after office hour(p=.045); and mental health condition showed significant differency at position(p=.010), career (p=.017), working satisfaction (p=.003). 5. After comparing the working stress rate according to general points, there were significant differency at working satisfaction (F=5.285, p=.006), predicted nursing(F=3.822, p=.023). 6. At the relation of health condition and working stress rate between two groups. physical and mental condition showed significant relation with working stress rate. i.e, if a nurse's health condition is not good, she are feeling much more stress than others. After considering all the factors in my research, I found that the health condition and stress rate of cancer ward nurses is much higher than general ward nurses. Considering that cancer ward nurses is necessary to care for increasing cancer patients with mental and physical nursing, the less stress for cancer ward nurses is very important to develop nursing quality and working efficiency by keeping good health condition, specializing cancer ward nurses. Therefore, we need following studies to find the factors which are effecting to cancer ward nurses' health and specialization. Also, we need to improve managing working condition to decrease working stress by improving working condition.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2010

현재 살균소독제의 국가 공인시험법은 시험관 내에서 행하는 현탁액시험법으로 실제 현장의 표면 살균을 정확히 평가하기에는 무리가 있다. 본 연구는 국제적으로 표준화되어 있는 3가지 정량적 표면시험법간의 유효성 평가력 비교를 목적으로 E. coli와 S. aureus를 대상으로 시중 유통되는 대표적 5개 계열 살균소독제의 유효성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 E. coli와 S. aureus에 대한 각 방법별 살균소독력은 ASTM(1)법에서 5.18 $\pm$ 0.03, 5.27 $\pm$ 0.04 log cfu/carrier, ASTM (2)법에서 4.63 $\pm$ 0.04, 3.97 $\pm$ 0.03 log cfu/carrier, CEN EN 13697법의 청정조건(CEN(1))에서 6.14 $\pm$ 0.05, 5.31 $\pm$ 0.10 log cfu/carrier, 오염조건(CEN(2))에서 4.37 $\pm$ 0.02, 4.06 $\pm$ 0.01 log cfu/carrier로 나타났다. CEN(1)시험법이 ASTM(2)와 CEN(2) 시험법에 비해 살균소독력이 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다. 적용된 3개의 시험법 중 유리를 담체로 사용한 ASTM(1)법에 비해 스테인리스 스틸을 사용한 ASTM(2)와 CEN법 적용 시 살균소독효과가 낮게 평가되었다. 결론적으로 3 가지 국가 공인시험법간 유효성 평가결과가 달랐으며, 실제 식품제조 현장에서 사용되는 표면에서의 살균소독력을 정확히 평가하기 어렵다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국심리학회지:학교
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.485-503
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 학업수행과 성취결과에 주요한 예측변인 중 하나인 학업참여(academic engagement)를 측정하는 UWES-S(Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student)(Schaufeli et al., 2002a; 2002b) 척도를 타당화 하고, 학업참여와 학업동기 및 학업 만족도 간의 구조적인 관계를 파악하는 것이다. 본 연구의 타당화 표본은 우리나라 대학생들로써, 예비검사 285명, 본검사 366명으로 구성되었고, 그 절차는 다음과 같다. 첫째, UWES-S의 17개 문항에 대한 기술통계치 검토 및 척도의 요인구조 탐색을 위한 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 둘째, 문항의 심리측정학적 특성을 검토하기 위하여 등급반응모형에 기반한 문항 특성치를 추정하였다. 셋째, 척도의 내적타당도를 검증하기 위해 확인적 요인분석이 실시되었으며, 외적 타당도 확보를 위해서는 학업동기 및 학업만족 변인을 포함한 구조방정식 모형이 활용되었다. 이에 따른 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 예비검사의 자료를 활용한 기술통계치 검토 및 탐색적 요인분석 결과 3요인 구조가 지지되었으며, 4개의 문항이 제거된 최종 13개 문항이 제안되었다. 둘째, 등급반응모형에 의해서 추정된 문항 특성치들을 검토한 결과, 최종 문항의 양호도는 수용 가능한 수준이었고, 또한 학업참여 척도의 3요인 모형(열정, 헌신, 몰두)은 자료에 잘 부합하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 외적타당도 검증 결과, 학업참여는 학업동기와 학업만족을 부분매개 하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구에서 타당화 된 대학생용 UWES-S와 기존에 타당화 된 고등학생용 UWES-S(추헌택, 손원숙, 2011)와의 차이점을 논의하고, 표본별 학업참여 구인의 동등성 검증의 필요성 및 추후 척도 타당화 연구를 위한 제언을 포함하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.981-992
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• 2023

최근 전세계적인 기후변화의 영향으로 강우가 집중되고 강우강도가 강해짐에 따라 홍수피해의 규모를 증가시키고 있다. 과거에 관측되지 않았던 규모의 비가 내리기도 하고, 기록되지 않았던 장기간의 장마가 발생하기도 한다. 이러한 피해들은 아세안 국가에도 집중되고 있으며, 태풍 및 집중호우로 인해 침수의 빈번한 발생과 함께 많은 사람들이 영향을 받고 있다. 특히, 인도네시아 찌따룸강 상류 유역에 위치한 반둥 지역은 분지 형태의 지형학적 특성을 가지고 있어서 홍수에 매우 취약한 실정이다. 이에 공적개발원조(ODA)를 통해 2017년에 찌따룸강 상류(Upper Citarum River) 유역에 대하여 홍수예경보시스템을 구축되었고, 현재 운영중에 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 찌따룸강 상류 (Upper Citarum River) 지역은 홍수발생시 인명 및 재산피해의 위험에 여전히 노출되어 있어 신속하고 정확한 홍수예경보의 실시를 통해 피해를 경감시키는 노력이 지속적으로 필요한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 찌따룸강 상류의 Dayeuh Kolot 지점을 목표관측소로 하고, 강우관측소 4개소와 수위관측소 1개소의 10분 단위 수문자료를 수집하여 인공지능 기반의 하천홍수위예측모형을 개발하였다. 6개 관측소의 2017년 1월부터 2021년 1월까지의 10분 단위 수문관측자료를 활용하여 선행예보시간 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6시간에 대해서 학습, 검증, 시험을 수행하였으며 인공지능알고리즘으로는 LSTM을 적용하였다. 연구결과 모든 선행예보시간에 대해 모형적합도 및 오차에서 좋은 결과를 나타냈으며, 학습자료 구축조건에 따른 예측정확도를 검토한 결과 참조관측소가 적은 경우에도 모든 관측소를 활용하는 경우와 유사하게 예측정확도를 확보하는 것으로 나타나 효율적인 인공지능 기반 모형 구축에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.