Browse > Article

Comparison Study on Efficacies of Disinfectants and Sanitizers Among Methods for Quantitative Surface Test  

Kim, Ae-Young (Korea Health Industry Development Institute)
Kim, Yong-Su (Korea Health Industry Development Institute)
Ha, Sang-Do (Department of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University)
Publication Information
Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety / v.25, no.3, 2010 , pp. 238-244 More about this Journal
Abstract
Currently, in vitro suspension tests using tubes are used as a authorized test method for sanitizers and disinfectants. However, the methods could not accurately assess the efficacy of sanitizers and disinfectant on the food-contacted surfaces in the field. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 5 kinds of representative sanitizers and disinfectants against E. coli and S. aureus to compare three quantitative surface testing methods that have been internationally standardized. As a result, the ASTM E2111-05 (ASTM(1)) test method obtained 5.18 $\pm$ 0.03 and 5.27 $\pm$ 0.04 log cfu/carrier reduction in dealing with E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, the ASTM E2197-02 (ASTM(2)) test method obtained 4.63 $\pm$ 0.04 and 3.97 $\pm$ 0.03 log cfu/carrier reduction and the CEN EN 13697 test method should 6.14 $\pm$ 0.05 and 5.31 $\pm$ 0.10 log cfu/carrier reduction in clean condition (CEN(1)) but 4.37 $\pm$ 0.02 and 4.06 $\pm$ 0.01 log cfu/carrier reduction in dirty condition (CEN(2)). Among them, CEN(1) showed the highest bactericidal effects, whereas ASTM(2) and CEN(2) revealed low performance (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the bactericidal effects of the ASTM(2) method and the CEN EN 13697 method adopting stainless steel were lower than the ASTM(1) method, which uses glass. The effectiveness assessment results among nationally accredited test methods were different each other. This implies that they could not fit for in the accurate evaluation of sanitization and disinfection on food-contact surfaces in practical food-processing fields. These results could be used as a basic data for establishment of an official surface test methods applicable in the field.
Keywords
Sanitizers and Disinfectants; surface test; efficacy; food safety;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Hansen, E. H., Albertsen, L., Schafer, T., Johansen, C., Jens Frisvad, C., Molin, S. and Gram, L.: Curvularia haloperoxidase: antimicrobial activity and potential application as a surface disinfectant. Appl. Environ. Microb., 69, 4611-4617 (2003).   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Holah, J.T., Taylor, J.H., Dawson, D.J., and Hall., K.E.: Biocide use in the food industry and the disinfectant resistance of persistent strains of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. J. Appl. Microbio., Symposium Supplement, 92, 111S-120S (2002).   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Van Klingeren, B., Koller, W., Bloomfield, S.F. et. al.: Assessment of the efficacy of disinfectant on surface. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 41, 289-296 (1998).   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Lee, Y.S., Lee, S.H., Ryu, K., Kim, Y.S., Kim, H.I. Choi, H.C., Jeon, D.H., Lee, Y.J. & Ha, S.D.: Survey on Practical use Sanitizers and Disinfectants on Food Utensils in Institutional Foodservice. Korean J. Food Hygiene Safety, 22, 338-345 (2007).   과학기술학회마을
5 Springthorpe, V.S. and Sattar, S.A.: Carrier test to assess microbicidal activities of chemical disinfectants for use on medical devices and environmental surfaces. Journal of AOAC International., 88, 182-201 (2005).
6 Reybrouck, G. and Werner, H. P.: Comparative study of four national disinfectant testing techniques. Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologi, 160, 392-411 (1975).
7 Reybrouck, G.: The testing of disinfectants. International Deterioration & Biodegradation, 41, 269-272 (1998).   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Park, H.K., Park, B.K., Shin, H.W., Park, D.W., Kim, Y.S., Cho, Y.H. Lee, K.H., Kang, K.J., Jeon, D.H., Park, K.H. and Ha, S.D.: Evaluation of Efficacy of Sanitizers and Disinfectants used in Domestic Food Processing Plants. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 37, 1042-1047 (2005).   과학기술학회마을
9 Paulson, D. S.: Topical Antimicrobial Testing and Evaluation. Marcel Dekker, Inc (1999).
10 McDonne, G and Russell, A. D.: Antiseptics and disinfectants : activity, action, and resistance. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 12, 147-179 (1999).
11 ASTM International. Standard quantitative disk carrier test method for determining the bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, mycobactericidal and sporicidal activities of liquid chemical germicides, Document No. E-2197-02, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, pp 1607-1616 (2003).
12 Grab, L. A. and Bennet, M. K.: Methods of testing sanitizers and bacteriostatic substances. In Disinfection, Sterilization and Preservation 5th erd. Ed. (Seymour, S.B. eds) Chap. 71, 1373-1382 (2001).
13 Yeon, J.H., Kim, I.J., Park, K.H., Park, B.K., Park, H.K., Park, D.W., Kim, Y.S., Kim, H.I., Jeon, D.H., Lee, Y.J. and Ha, S.D.: Treatment and Effect of Sanitizers and Disinfectants in Animal Food Manufacturing Plant. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 38, 599-603 (2006).   과학기술학회마을
14 Wirtanen, G. and Salo, S.: Disinfection in food processingefficacy testing of disinfectants, Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology., 2, 293-306 (2003).
15 Taylor, J.H., Rogers, S.J., & Holah., J.T.: A comparison of the bactericidal efficacy of 18 disinfectants used in the food industry against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Psuedomonas aeruginosa at 10 and ${20^{\circ}C}$. J. Appl. Microbio., 87, 718-725 (1999).   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Mariscal, A., Carnero-Varo, M., Gomez-Aracena, J. and Fernandez- crehuet, J.: Development and testing of a microbiological assay to detect residual effects of disinfectant on hard surfaces. Appl. Environ. Microb., 65, 3717-3720 (1999).
17 KHIDI/KFDA (Korea Health Industry Development Institute/Korea Food and Drug Administration).: Studies on the management of sanitizers and disinfectants(ethanol etc, ozone, institutional foodservice) (in Korean) (2007).
18 Cremieux, A., Freney, J., and Davin-Regli, A.: In Disinfection, Sterilization and Preservation, 5th edn. (Seymour, S.B. eds) Chap. 68, 1305-1327 (2001).
19 Bloomfield, S.F., Arthur, M., Klingeren, B. van., Pullen, W., Holah, J.T., and Elton, R.: An evaluation of the repeatability and reproducibility of a surface test for the activity of disinfectants. J. Appl. Bactierio., 76, 86-94 (1994).   DOI
20 Bloomfield, S.F., and Looney, E.: Evaluation of the repeatability and reproducibility of European suspension test for antimicrobial activity of disinfectants and antiseptics. J. Appl. Bactierio., 73, 87-93 (1992).   DOI
21 ASTM International. Standard quantitative carrier test method to evaluate the bactericidal, fungicidal, mycobactericidal and sporicidal potencies of liquid chemical microbicides, Document No. E-2111-05, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, pp 1526-1533 (2005).
22 Lee, M.J., Kim, Y.S., Cho, Y.H., Park, H.K., Park, B.K., Lee, K.H. Kang, K.J., Jeon, D.H., Park, K.H., and Ha, S.D.: Evaluation of Efficacy of Sanitizers and Disinfectants Marketed in Korea. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 37, 671-677 (2005).   과학기술학회마을
23 Goeres, D. M., Palys, T., Sandal, B. B., and Geiger, J.: Evaluation of disinfectant efficacy against biofilm and suspended bacteria in a laboratory swimming pool model. Water Res., 38, 3103-3109 (2004).   DOI   ScienceOn
24 European Committee for Standardization, EN 1276, (1997). Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics: Quantitative Suspension Test for The Evaluation of Bactericidal Activity of Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics used in Food, Industrial, Domestic and Institutional Areas Test Method and Requirements (Phase 2, step1). British Standards Institution, UK.
25 Faille, C., Jullien, C., Benezech, T, and Carpentier. B.: Identification of surface characteristics relevant to the hygienic status of stainless steel for the food industry. J. Food Eng., 56, 77-87 (2002).
26 Frank, J. F and Chmielewski, R. A. N.: Effectiveness of sanitation with quaternary ammonia compound or chlorine on stainless steel or other domestic food preparation surfaces. J. Food Prot., 60, 43-47 (1997).
27 Denyer, S. P.: Mechanism of action of disinfectants. Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 227-245 (1995).
28 Sattar, S.A.: Microbicidal testing of germicides: an update. In Disinfection, Sterilization and Antisepsis in Health Care ed. Rutala, W.A. pp. 227-240. Champlain, NY: Polyscience Publications Inc (1998).
29 Marriott, N. G.: Essentials of Food Sanitation, Chapman & Hall, New York, USA (1997).
30 Marriott, N. G.: Principles of Food Sanitation, 4th ed. An Aspen Publication, Gaithersburg, MD, USA (1997).
31 Holah, J. T., Amelie Lavaud, Wendy Peters, Dye, Kathyn. A.: Future techniques for disinfectant efficacy testing. Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 273-279 (1998).
32 Aarnisalo, K., Salo, S., Miettinen, H., Suihko, M., Wirtanen, G., Autio, T., Lunden, J. Korkeala, H., and Sjoberg., A.: Bactericidal efficiencies of commercial disinfectatns against Listeria monocytogenes on surfaces. J. Food Hygiene Safety., 20, 237-250 (2000).   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Anonymous. BS EN 12353:2006 Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Preservation of test organisms used for the determination of bactericidal, mycobactericidal, sporicidal and fungicidal activity (2006).
34 Anonymous. BS EN 13697:2001 Chemical antiseptics and disinfectants. Quantitative non-porous surface test for the evaluation of bactericidal and/or fungicidal activity of chemical disinfectants used in food, industrial, domestic and institutional areas. Test method and requirements without mechanical action (phase 2/step 2) (2001).