• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was, as a preliminary step for understanding the whole aspects of the impacts of a weir on the ecosystems in upper and lower streams, to find out the impacts of the weirs with and without a fish-way. A survey on the aquatic ecosystem of upper and lower streams of weirs in Ham-an Stream was carried out from June to October, 2006. Results of the investigation showed that some meaningful effects on the ecosystems had occurred by the weirs. The fish fauna in upper stream of the weir with a fish-way appeared to include 3 families, 8 species, and 184 individuals, while that in the lower stream of the weir appeared to include 5 families, 14 species, and 664 individuals. The fish fauna in the upper stream of the weir without a fish-way appeared to include 3 families, 9 species, 107 individuals, while that in the lower stream of the weir appeared to include 9 families, 19 species, 520 individuals, disclosing that, no matter with or without a fish-way, fish fauna species diversity and size of population were more abundant and bigger in the lower stream than in the upper stream, but that difference of fish fauna species diversities between upper and lower streams of the weirs appeared to be bigger for the weir with a fish-way than for the weir without a fish-way. Benthos species diversity and size of population were found to be more abundant and bigger in lower stream than in upper stream, and in wet season than in dry season.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.731-741
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• 2015

The objectives of study were to evaluate fish species compositions of trophic guilds and tolerance guilds and apply ecological fish assessment (EFA) models to Bekjae Weir, Keum-River Watershed. The EFA models were Stream Index of Biological Integrity (SIBI) used frequently for running water and Lentic Ecosystem Health Assessment (LEHA) used for assessments of stagnant water. The region of Bekjae Weir as a "four major river project" was originally a lotic ecosystem before the weir construction (2010, $B_{WC}$) but became more like lentic-lotic hybrid system after the construction (2011, $A_{WC}$). In the analysis of species composition and ecological bioindicator (fish), fish species with a preference of running water showed significant decreases (p < 0.05), whereas the species with a preference of stagnant water showed significant increases (p < 0.05). After the weir construction, relative abundances of tolerant species increased, and the proportion of insectivores decreased. This phenomenon indicated the changes of biotic compositions in the system by the weir construction. Applications of SIBI and LEHA models to the system showed that the two model values decreased at the same time after the weir construction ($A_{WC}$), and the region became more like lentic-lotic hybrid system, indicating the degradation of ecosystem health. The model values of SIBI were 19 and 16, respectively, in the BWC and AWC, and the health conditions were both "C-rank". In the mean time, the LEHA model analysis showed that the values was 28 in the BWC and 24 in the AWC, thus the health was turned to be "B-Rank" in the BWC and "C-Rank" in the AWC. indicating a degradation of ecological heath after the weir construction.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to analyze chemical water quality, ecological characteristics of fish compositions, and ecosystem health before- (B_wc; 2008-2009) and after-the weir construction (A_wc; 2011-2012) at Juksan Weir and Seungchon Weir of Yeongsan River watershed. Suspended solids (SS) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in Juksan Weir increased, whereas nutrients such as total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) decreased in the epilimnetic water. In Juksan and Seungchon weirs, fish species distribution analysis in the periods of B_wc and A_wc showed that sensitive species were rare and tolerant species were dominant in the community. In the analysis of trophic guild, relative abundance of carnivore species are increased to 22% and 12%, respectively, after the constructions of Seungchon Weir and Juksan Weir. Mann-Whitney U-tests of nonparametric statistical analysis indicated that omnivore and carnivore species had significant differences (p < 0.05) between the B_wc and A_wc. The massive population growth of an exotic species, Micropterus salmoides, was evident in Seungchon Weir to influence on the structures of fish communities. The model values of mean Index of Biological Integrity (IBI), based on fish assemblages, were < 15, which indicates "poor" condition in the river health, and the significant difference of IBI values was not found between the B_wc and A_wc.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.859-877
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• 2012

In this study, Echo-sounder($E_s$) monitoring methodology was applied to test environmental impacts of artificial weirs(SCW and JSW) in the Yeongsan River on fish community and habitat structures at first time, and was compared with conventional fish sampling methodologies($C_s$). For the Es monitoring in the fields, parallel transect methods was employed in determining the survey distance interval with every 125 m within the upper-lower 2 km of the weirs. Four different fish sampling gears such as casting nets, kick nets, fyke nets, and gill nets were used for applications of $C_s$ monitoring methodology. According to the Echo-sounder monitoring, fish density, expressed as a number of individuals per square meter, along the longitudinal axis of the weir was significantly greater(JSW, t = 3.506, n = 30, p < 0.001) in the down-river reach of the weir than in the up-river reach. Also, fish density along the vertical water column was highest at mid-depths of Seungchon weir, which has simple habitat substrates, while fish density was highest at hypolimnetic depth of Juksan weir. According to fish sampling by the $C_s$ methodology, the fish compositions decreased as the river goes upward, and significant differences(JSW, t = 0.248, n = 30, p < 0.05) in the compositions of fish species occurred between up-reach and down-reach of the weirs. The dominant species near the two weirs were Opsarichthys uncirostris amurensis, Hemiculter eigenmanni and Coilia nasus. Overall, our fish and habitat data, based on $E_s$ and $C_s$ monitoring methodologies, suggest that the weirs disturbed the rivers due to initial habitat disturbances by the weir constructions as well as the barrier roles of weirs on fish passage and migrations. More long-term scientific and systematic fish impact monitoring and assessments($E_s$ and $C_s$) are required in the future to predict changes of ecological structures and functions on the constructions of the weirs.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1513-1522
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• 2014

Fish passage asssessments were conducted in the fishway at Juksan Weir, which was constructed as a four-major rivers project in the downstream area of Youngsan-River Watershed. For the research, fish-movements/migrations were analyzed for seven times from April ~ October, 2013 using an approach of fish trap-setting. Fish fauna and compositions were analyzed in the fishway, and seasonal- and diel-movement patterns were analyzed in relation to current velocity in the fishway. Also, abundances of exotic fishes such as bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), large-mouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and white curcian carp (Carassius cuvieri) were monitored in the fishway. Current velocity(n = 18) in the fishway showed large variations ($0.82{\pm}0.63m/s$) depending on the location of the fish trap-setting and this physical factor influenced the fish movements. Fish movements, based on the CPUE of individuals, in the fishway was greater in slower velocity (mean: 0.36 m/s, range: 0.10~1.54 m/s) than faster velocity (mean: 1.51 m/s, range: 0.90~1.90 m/s). Seasonal analysis of fish movements showed that most frequent uses (8 speices and 591 individuals, 66.2% of the total) of the fishway occurred in spring period(i.e., June). Diel movement analysis, in the mean time, showed highest in the time period of 00:00 ~ 3:00 am (7 species and 281 individuals, 20.9% of the total). The efficient managements in the fishway at Juksan Weir are required in relation to the hydrological regime.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1495-1505
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate survival rate and fish movement (migration) using a tagging approach of passive integrated transponder (PIT) in Juksan Weir, which was constructed as a four major river restoration projects. For this study, survival rates of each fish species and the mobility of fish individuals were analyzed during 2 weeks by the insertion of PIT tags to various fish species in the laboratory. According to tagging tests in the laboratory, the survival rate 37.5% (30 survivals of 80 individuals) after the insertion of PIT tags. The survival rate of Carassius auratus and Hemibarbus labeo was 100% and 80% after the insertion of the tags, respectively, whereas it was only 13.3% for Zacco platypus. In the field experiments of Juksan Weir, 6 species and 157 individuals from 8 species (563 individuals) were detected in the fixed automatic data-logging system, indicating a detection rate of 27.9% in the fishway of Juksan Weir. In the meantime, some species with no or low detection rates in the fixed automatic data-logging system were turn out to be stagnant-type species, which prefer stagnant or standing water to live.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.132-150
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• 2022

국가무형문화재로 지정된 어살은 전통어로방식의 하나로 우리나라 연안어업을 대표하는 어구였다. 그런데 1970년대 이후 연근해 어선어업이 발달하면서 어살을 포함한 전통어로방식은 상대적으로 쇠퇴하기 시작하였다. 현재 어살은 돌살과 죽방렴 형태로 전승되고 있는데, 경상남도 남해군과 사천시에서는 죽방렴을 이용하여 멸치를 어획하고 있다. 죽방렴의 기본 형태는 물고기가 모이는 공간인 '발통'과, 조류에 의해 물고기가 발통 안으로 들어가게 도움을 주는 V자 혹은 U자 형태의 '할가지'로 구성되어 있다. 어업방식은 밀물 때 연안으로 들어왔다가 썰물 때 조류를 따라 발통 안에 갇힌 물고기를 그물이나 뜰채로 어획한다. 이 논문에서는 남해와 사천 지역의 죽방렴 구조와 어업방식의 비교분석을 통해 전통어로방식의 전승 과정을 알아보았다. 먼저 현재의 죽방렴 구조가 완성되는 역사적 과정을 분석했다. 과거 방렴과 어살의 공존 속에서 두 어구의 특성을 조합한 죽방렴이라는 어구가 지족해협과 삼천포해협을 중심으로 완성된 것으로 보인다. 다음으로는 물고기가 모이는 공간(발통)이 원형이거나 방형으로 만들어진 두 가지 형태의 죽방렴의 구조와 어업방식에 대해서 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 자연환경에 순응하고, 획득 가능한 자원(재료)을 적극 활용하면서 죽방렴 어업이라는 전통 어로기술을 변화시켜 적합한 기술로 발전시킨 어민들의 모습을 살펴보았다. 마지막으로는 죽방렴 멸치에 부여된 새로운 가치를 분석하였다. 더 좋은 멸치라는 죽방렴 멸치의 새로운 가치는 다른 멸치어업에 비해 소량 생산되는 죽방렴 멸치어업의 명맥을 유지시켜 주는 하나의 기제로 작동하고 있다. 이처럼 죽방렴 어업은 전통어로방식을 전승하고 있다는 역사성과 함께 다른 어로를 통해서 생산한 멸치보다 더 좋은 멸치라는 차별성까지 획득하면서 계승되고 있다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.541-552
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 설치어도조사법을 적용하여 한강 하류부 잠실수중보의 회유성 어류 이동을 위해 설치된 계단식 어도에 대해 어류소상기능을 조사하고 피 개선방안을 제시하였다. 조사기간 동안에 어도 출구에서 채집된 어도이용 소상어류는 체장이 29cm 이상인 강준치가 361개체로서 대부분을 차지하였으며, 그 강준치에 대한 소상능력은 최대 2.53${\times}$10^{-3}$ 개체/hr/g으로 나타났다. 잠실수중보의 계단식 어도는 한강에 서식하는 어류의 다양성을 만족시키기 어려운 형태일 뿐만 아니라 어도 출구의 월류격벽 낙차가 너무 크고 과도한 유량이 유입되기 때문에 유영력이 약한 어류가 이용할 수 없다. 따라서 이 어도는 유영력이 큰 강준치와 누치 이외의 다른 어류에 대해서는 소상기능을 발휘하지 못하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 어도의 기능을 향상시키기 위해서는 다양한 어류가 이용할 수 있는 형식으로 어도 구조를 변경하고, 어도 시설의 기능을 고려하여 가동보를 운영하여야 한다. 또한 고정보 전체의 상시 월류로 인해서 생기는 어도의 설치효과 저하에 대해서는 저수로 양안 측에 어도를 추가 설치할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2015

The ancient fishing methods include stone fish weir, beach seine and baulk net, but the fish catches of the stone fish weir is the most abundant. The stone fish weirs not only constitute important landscape, but also are representative of the fishery culture in Penghu, because they are fishing ground built by ancient people to take advantage of natural environment and resources. The objectives of this study is to understand the relevance of stone fish weirs in Penghu and to preserve biological diversity, as well as the value of stone fish weirs in Penghu fishery culture, and further make suggestions on the stone fish weirs. According to the present study, the marine species around the stone fish weirs tend to be diversifying, and in the future the region's economy can be revitalized by sightseeing, which may promote the ecotourism, and also volunteer tourism. In the future, stone fish weirs must be promoted as a sightseeing destination. Also, by taking into consideration the experience of the Jibei stone weir protection team, the local communities of Penghu can have their own protection team to revitalize the stone fish weirs for sustainable operation and management.

• 물과 미래
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.225-235
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• 1996

본 연구에서는 계단식어도의 격벽 형상에 따른 수리학적 특성과 어류의 상류이동에 미치는 효과를 다루고 있으며, 상류이동이 용이하도록 격벽의 적정 형태를 제시하는 것으로 하였다. 격벽 형상에 따른 수리학적 특성을 조사하고 적정 형태를 결정하기 위해 수리실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 zig-zag 형태로 설치된 작은 notch를 가진 직사각형 격벽이 notch가 없는 단순 직사각형 격벽이나 사다리꼴 형태의 격벽보다 좋은 것이며이 밝혀졌는데, 이는 수위 저하시에도 어류의 상류이동이 가능하고 더우기 상류이동을 용이하게 하는 notch를 통한 낙하 흐름을 형성하기 때문인 것으로 판단되었다. Notch는 월류 최대유속이 어류의 유영한계유속을 넘지 않는 범위 내에서 표면류를 지속하도록, 즉 무차원유량 값이 0.27과 0.41 범위 내에 들도록 설계하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다.