• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.314-321
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• 2015

We performed three sets of feeding trials to establish the optimal feed size (Exp-I), stocking density (Exp-II), and dissolved oxygen level (DO) (Exp-III) for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. In Exp-1, four replicate groups of fish ($53.6{\pm}0.9g$) were fed commercial diets with three particle sizes (small, medium, and large). In Exp-II, fish ($30.0{\pm}0.1g$) were reared at four stocking densities (1.8, 3.5, 5.3, and $7.1kg/m^3$). In Exp-III, fish ($187{\pm}1.48g$) were reared under two different DO levels (2-3 and 6-7 mg/L). In Exp-I, fish fed the large-particle diet gained significantly more weight and had a lower feed conversion ratio than fish fed the small- and medium-particle diets. In Exp-II, fish reared at 1.8 and $3.5kg/m^3$ gained slightly more weight and had lower feed conversion ratios than fish reared at 5.3 and $7.1kg/m^3$, although these differences were not significant. In Exp-III, negative effects were observed in the low DO groups. Therefore, under our experimental conditions, the optimal feed particle size, stocking density, and DO level for olive flounder were 9-9.4 mm, $3.5kg/m^3$, and 6-7 mg/L, respectively.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 1977

전성장실험기간을 통하여 잉어의 먹이 섭취와 성장 및 사료효율은 스트레이너의 지소회수, 오탁된 사육수의 교환정도, 먹이의 분할공급의 회수, 적량내의 먹이 공급 및 용존산소량에 직접적이고 직각적인 반응을 나타내었다. 그러나 지소나, 물 교환을 위한 취급에는 별로 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 보였다. 특히 해로운 점은 식욕이 왕성하지 못할 때 먹이를 주는 일과 일시에 과량의 먹이는 주는 것이었다. 특히 직각적으로 삼킬 수 있는 량을 주면 물에 녹아나는 것이 거의 없고, 먹이를 준 후에도 물이 투명하지만, 그 이상의 먹이를 주면 식욕이 왕성할 때는 입속에 여분의 먹이를 머금고 삼킬 노력을 함으로써 녹아서 물에 흩어져 나오는 량이 많고, 먹이를 준 후 물이 혼탁해 진다. 그리하여, 여과조를 포함한 사육수질을 악화시키고, 성장이 불량해지고, 또 사료의 효율을 심하게 저하시킨다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2023

The dietary inclusion of black soldier fly larvae meal Hermetia illucens (BSL) for starry flounder Platichthys stellatus was examined in a four-month trial at a Pohang fish farm. Two diets were prepared: a fish meal-based commercial diet (CD) and an experimental diet containing 7% BSL in the CD (BCD). Fish (average weight, 125.2 g) were reared in a square concrete tank (7×7 m) in triplicates. Feed efficiency was significantly higher in fish fed BCD compared to that of the fish fed CD. The DHA/EPA ratio in dorsal muscle was not significantly affected by the fatty acid composition of the experimental diets. Based on the growth performance, the feed cost for producing 1 kg of starry flounder was 1,797 won for CD and 1,814 won for BCD. With government subsidies the feed cost for producing 1 kg of starry flounder was 1,481 won for CD and 1,309 won for BCD. The results indicate that BSL can be included at 7% without adverse effects on growth performance, fillet composition, or feed cost. However, further research is needed to determine the optimum percentage of BSL as a replacement of FM in starry flounder diets.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2010

The effects of various natural antioxidant sources on oxidation of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and fish diet during storage was determined. Juvenile fish were distributed among 18 flow-through tanks (40 fish per tank). Six experimental diets were prepared in triplicate: control (CT), antitox (AT), green tea extract (GE), fig extract (FE), Haeroc product (HP) and by-product of green tea (BG). The experimental diets were stored at two temperatures: room temperature ($26.8^{\circ}C$) for 14 days and frozen ($-30^{\circ}C$) for 16 weeks. Thirty fish were sampled from each tank at the end of the 8-week feeding trial. Whole bodies of fish were homogenized and stored in a home freezer ($-9.6^{\circ}C$) for 24 weeks. Acid values (AVs) and peroxide values (POVs) of the diets and frozen fish during storage were monitored. AVs of the experimental diets tended to increase with the storage period except for that of the HP diet at room temperature. POVs from FE, CT, and BG diets peaked at day 7 and then decreased through the remainder of the experiment. AVs of the experimental diets and fish increased with time at $-30^{\circ}C$ and $-9.6^{\circ}C$. Results of this study show that by-products of green tea and Haeroc product seem to have potential as antioxidants in fish feed to inhibit oxidation of both the feed and fish during storage.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1999

The effects of dietary protein level on growth, feed utlization and liver size were studied with juvenile haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) of 6.88$\pm$0.54 g (mean$\pm$SD). Five isoenergetic diets containing 44.4 to 64.7% protein were fed to triplicate groups of 50 fish in a flow-through system for 6 weeks. All fish showed a relative increase of more than 300% in final weight. There were, however, no significant differences (P>0.05) in weight gain (16.1 to 17.3 g) and specific growth rate (2.9 to 3.0) among fish groups. A higher protein diets resulted in a lower feed intake. Feed: gain ratio linearly improved (P<0.05) when protein level increased from 44.4 to 59.7%. The lowest protein efficiency ratio was observed in fish fed the highest protein diet. Hepatosomatic index of fish significantly decreased from 10.7 to 7.3% with an increase in protein level. Results from this study suggest that haddock could grow well even when fed the diet with protein lower than 44.4%.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.121-137
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• 1998

This study was conducted to examine the economic evaluation of the newly developed fish meal analog (BAIFA-M) in Korean rockfish feed. A raw fish feed (MP) and two commercially formulated diets (EP) were employed to compare weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate (SR) from the sea cage culture system. By using the economic model in the practical sea cage culture system, feed cost, production cost and gross profit per kg production, rate of profit to gross revenue (RPGR), and internal rate of return (IRR) were calculated based upon the results of the experiment and the information of the private aquaculture farm (Young Chang) in Tong young, Korean. IRR criteria is one of the popular economic feasibility analysis methods applicable far aquaculture industry. This is an economic evaluation method to compare the given interest rate or the discount rate with IRR which can be calculated by the difference between the present value of the benefit stream and of the cost stream. The benefits of using EP on WG, FCR, SR, and production cost will be emphasized in this study. Fish averaging 20$\pm$3.6g (Mean$\pm$SD) were randomly distributed in each small cage (6m$\times$6m) as groups of 2,000 fish. By using 3 large size cages (12m$\times$12m), 12 small cages were constructed, and only 9 small cages were employed for three replicates of each diet treatment. To compare with MP diet, two sinking EP diets were designed by our laboratory and produced by the local feed company who wanted to promote these EP diets for the mass cage culture of Korean rockfish in the future. Two EP diets contain white fish meal and/or BAIFA-M as the main animal protein sources : WFM diet, maximum 43% of white fish meal : BAIEA- M diet, 30% of white fish meal nab replaced by BAIFA- M from WFM diet. Results are summarized in Table 1. Fish fed MP diet showed significantly lower SR than does fish fed two EP diets(P<0.05). However, there Were no significant difference on FCR among fish fed three practical diets. Table 1. Average feed conversion ratio (FCR), accumulative average survival rate (SR) and economic evaluation data far three practical diets. As we expected, BAIFA-M diet is more economical than WFM diet as well as MP diet. Feed cost and production cost per kg production from BAIEA - M diet were lower than those from WFM and MP diets. Moreover, gross profit per Kg production, RPGR and IRR from BAIFA- M diet were higher than those from WFM and MP diets. This economic evaluation study clearly indicated that MP diet should be replaced by the commerical formulated EP diets as soon as possible in the near future because MP diet is not economical in the practical sea cage culture system.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2003년도 춘계 수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.239-241
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• 2003

Several nutrients in feed are needed for growth and maintenance of fish and protein among them is probably the most important factor influencing its growth and determining feed cost due to high Proportion. Besides, dietary energy level is critical because protein source in the feed was utilized as energy source when the feed deficient in energy was fed to fish, whereas when the feed excess in energy was fed to fish, feed consumption decreased and resulted in growth reduction due to lack of necessary other nutrients for the normal growth (Lovell 1989). (omitted)

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2015

A 10-week feeding trial was carried out to investigate the feasibility of using spent coffee ground (CG) as a potential feed ingredient for olive flounder. Growth, feed utilization, body composition and antioxidant enzyme activity were examined. A control diet was formulated and three other diets were prepared to contain 5, 10 or 15% CG (designated as Con, CG5, CG10 and CG15, respectively) by replacing for wheat flour. Two hundred forty fish ($104{\pm}0.7g/fish$) were allotted to 12 circular tanks of 400 L capacity at a density of 20 fish per tank and fed the experimental diets twice daily. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the CG5 diet exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher growth performance than those fed the control diet. Also, fish fed the CG10 diet had a comparable growth to that of the control group, but further increase of dietary CG inclusion level to 15% resulted in significant decrease of growth performance. Fish fed the CG15 diet showed significantly lower feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio than other treatments. Significantly lower muscle protein content was observed in fish fed CG15 diet compared to the control. Significant reduction in plasma cholesterol concentration was found in fish fed CG15 diet compared to control. No significant changes were found in alkyle and superoxide radicals scavenging activities of plasma, muscle and liver among dietary treatments. Also, liver total protein, total antioxidant capacity, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were not significantly influenced by dietary inclusion of CG. According to these results, we concluded that CG can be included up to 10% in the diet for olive flounder without any adverse effects on growth, feed utilization and antioxidant enzyme activity.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.95-98
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• 2013

본 시험은 붕어에 대하여 동애동에의 살아있는 유충과 건조된 유충 및 번데기의 공급 사육시 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 약 16주간 사육하면서 어체의 증체율 및 길이성장을 비교 조사하였다. 사료로 사용하기 위한 성분분석에서 건조 유충과 번데기의 조단백질 함량은 43% 이상 수준으로 나타났으며, 지방산 분석결과에서 불포화 지방산의 함량이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 이는 양어사료의 단백질 및 필수 지방산 공급원으로 좋은 원료로 사용 가능 할 것으로 사료된다. 약 16주간 동애등에를 붕어먹이로 공급하여 어체의 증체율과 길이에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 살아있는 동애등에 유충을 공급한 실험구에서 증체율과 길이의 증가가 가장 크게 나타났다. 양어사료만을 공급한 실험구와 양어사료에 건조한 유충과 번데기를 50% 혼합하여 공급한 실험구의 증체율 및 길이의 증가를 비교해 보았을 때 건조한 유충과 번데기를 혼합하여 공급하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2002

활성탄 0.9%와 오메가 3계열을 다량 함유한 어유를 급여 수준(0, 1, 2, 4 %)에 따라 5주간 급여하면서 사료효율을 측정하였으며, 5주째 도계하여 혈액 콜레스테롤, 일반성분, 무기물을 분석하고 pH의 변화는 4$\pm$1'E의 냉장고에 진공포장하여 저장하면서 10일간 조사하였다. 사료효율은 2, 3주는 약간 증가하였으나 4, 5주째는 증가하지 않았고, 혈액콜레스테롤은 어유 첨가구에서 대조구에 비하여 낮아지고 있었다. (p<0.05). 일반성분은 활성탄과 어유 첨가구에서 큰 차이가 없었고(p>0.05), 단백질은 흉심부위가 대퇴부위보다 약간 많았다. p보는 저장기간이 경과하면서 전 처리구에서 유의적으로 높아지고 있었으며(p<0.05), 활성탄과 어유 첨가구에서는 높은 경향이었고, 무기물은 활성탄 첨가구가 대조구보다 많았으며 활성탄과 어유를 함께 급여한 구는 어유 첨가량이 많을수록 무기물 함량은 약간 적었고, 부위별로는 흉심부위가 대퇴부위보다 많았다.