• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.537-548
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• 2022

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, nitrogen-free extract, energy and essential amino acids in animal-based feed ingredients were determined for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). A reference diet (RF) was formulated to contain 1.0% chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) as an inert indicator. Nine test diets were formulated to contain RF and one of the feed ingredients (pollock meal [PM], jack mackerel meal [JMM], anchovy meal [AM], cod meal [CM], sardine meal [SM], sand eel meal [SEM], tuna meal [TM], meat meal [MM] and squid liver meal [SLM]) at a 7:3 ratio in each diet designated as PM, JMM, AM, CM, SM, SEM, TM, MM and SLM, respectively. Olive flounder, averaging 150 ± 8.0 g, were stocked at a density of 25 fish per tank in 400-L fiberglass tanks attached with fecal collection columns. Feces were collected from triplicate groups of fish one time a day for four weeks. Dry matter and crude protein ADCs of CM and SEM were significantly higher than the other tested ingredients. Lipid ADCs of JMM, CM and SEM were significantly higher than the other test ingredients. Energy ADCs of CM and SEM were significantly higher than that of the other tested ingredients. The availability of amino acids in CM was generally higher than the other animal protein sources. PM exhibited the lowest amino acid availability among the treatments. Interestingly, MM exhibited significantly higher nutrient digestibility than several marine-based ingredients. However, CM and SEM are seeming to be highly digestible and effective to use in olive flounder diet compared to the other tested ingredients. Overall, the results of this study provide information about the bioavailability of nutrients and energy in animal feedstuffs to apply when formulating cost-effective practical feeds for olive flounder.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.335-343
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• 2009

The pathogenicity and acute toxicity of Lactobacillus (L.) pentosus PL11 from eel (Anguilla japonica) were investigated using male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The pathogenicity of L. pentosus PL11 was examined after treating the rats with $10^{11}$ CFU/mL, $10^9$ CFU/mL or $10^7$ CFU/mL doses of L. pentosus PL11 culture or 0.85% NaCl (Control) intragastrically. For acute toxicity studies, rats were treated with dried culture broth of L. pentosus PL11 at doses of 5,000 mg/mL, 2,500 mg/mL, 1,250 mg/mL or 625 mg/mL or Lactobacilli MRS broth (Control), and clinical signs or mortalities were monitored for two weeks. The results of the present investigation revealed no mortalities or obvious clinical signs in rats administered with the live bacterial cultures or dried culture broth at any investigated dose level. Also, no significant differences were observed in net body weight gain, gross pathological findings, feed and water consumption and body temperature among the different treatment groups and between the treated and control rats. It can be concluded from the above findings that L. pentosus PL11 is a safe probiotic strain with potential as feed additive to increase the feed efficiency or health of fish.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find out and advocate the intake of vitamin A and C rich foods in Korean people. Forty kinds of vitamin A and C rich foods were selected by the vitamin quantity in 100g edible portion. in single serving size. and by the 1997 national food supply data. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The vitamin A rich foods 1) The food sources of vitamin A presented in the middle and high school home economics textbooks were liver. egg/egg yolk. milk/dairy products. and green and yellow vegetables. etc. 2) The vitamin A rich foods by 100g edible portion ere in order of red pepper(dried). laver(dried). carrot. meat edible viscera. eel. etc. And the vitamin A rich foods by the vitamin A content in single serving size were in order of carrot. eel. meat edible viscera. water shield. red pepper(dried). etc. 3) The vitamin A suppling foods according to the 1997 national food supply data were in order of red pepper(dried). meat edible viscera. laver. carrot. etc. The green and yellow vegetables. fish and shellfish. and seaweeds were the most important sources of vitamin A in Korean. 2. The vitamin C rich foods 1) The food sources of vitamin C presented in the textbooks of middle and high school were strawberry. citrus fruits. and vegetables such as spinach. chinese cabbage. radish. crown daisy. etc. 2) The vitamin C rich foods on the basis of the vitamin C content in 100g edible portion were in order of sweet pepper. goose berry. citron. strawberry. water shield. etc. And the vitamin C rich foods by the quantity in single serving size were in order of strawberry. goose berry. citron. sweet pepper. lemon. etc. 3) The vitamin C suppling foods according to the 1997 national food supply data were in order of chinese cabbage. radish. citrus fruits. strawberry. etc. Not only vegetables and fruits but also seaweeds like dried laver and sea mustard were the most important source of vitamin C in korean.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 1998

The residual tissue concentraion of the widely used aquatic antibacterial agent, oxolinic acid, was surveyed in eels collected from fish markets of Chonbuk Province, Korea. Their concentrations in the dorsolateral muscle were widely varying. In about 32% of samples examined, oxolinic acid was not detected. In about 16% of those samples in which oxolinic acid was detected, the concentration was above 0.1 ppm. The tissue distrubution of the agent in major organs was in the rank order of kidney>liver>plasma>muscle. When the muscle samples which contained residual oxolinic acid were baked for up to 10 min, there was no change in the drug concentration. Their concentration declined to about 50% by baking for 30 min at which time the tissue turned to the texture of charcoal. The extreme stability of oxolinic acid to heating process was confirmed with muscle samples from eels to which a high dose of oxolinic acid was administered, and also with an aqueous oxolinic acid solution of known concentration. It is suggested that an effective regulatory measure should be initiated to keep eel consumers from residual oxolinic acid impact.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.157-162
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• 1987

The basic experiments on the plastic sea eel pots used in fishing were carried out in order to investigate the elasticity of the funnel ribs, hydrodynamic resistance, sinking time and diffusion of the bait from June to October, 1987. The elasticity of the bamboo funnel ribs was higher than that of the polypropylene ribs up to the load 150g. The hydrodynamic resistance R (kg) of the pots towing to the head direction horizontally in relation to towing velocity V (m/sec) was expressed as following formula; R=0.36V super(2.01) and coefficient of drag C sub(D) was 0.52. The sinking times of the covered pots by tape fully or partially were late 1-2 second than the typical pots within the water depth 7.5m. The diffusion tendency through the covered pots using dye and sardine extracts solution was concentrated to the entrance more than the typical pots. However, fishing efficiency as number and weight of fish per pots for nine times fishing operation was revealed no difference between the covered pots and the typical pots.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1990

The basic investigation of the sea eel pots fisheries by questionnarie observation and dimension of the pots by fishing operation were carried out in order to develop for mechanical hauling system with 20~50 gross tonnage fishing boats from June to December, 1988. Number and weight of fish per pot between smaller diameter 11cm and larger 13cm of the pot have no significance so that the drag of the smaller pots can be decreased about 20% than the larger pots. The operating time by two men from opening to closing with screwing lock entrance was slightly faster than that by three men with knotting entrance even though the losses with two kinds of entrances while fishing operation were about the same. It was very reasonable that stone and lead sinker on the main line were substitute for two or three lead core P.P rope to make it smooth surface of the main line for mechanization of the continuous fishing operation.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 2019

The aim of this study was conducted to develop an analytical method to determine the concentration of ceftiofur residue in eel, flatfish, and shrimp. For derivatization and extraction, the sample was hydrolyzed with dithioerythritol to produce desfuroylceftiofur, which was then derivatized by iodoacetamide to obtain desfuroylceftiofur acetamide. For purification, the process of solid phase extraction (Oasis HLB) was used. The target analytes were confirmed and quantified in $C_{18}$ column using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase. The linearity of the standard calibration curve was confirmed by a correlation coefficient, $r^2>0.99$. The limit of quantification for ceftiofur was 0.002 mg/kg; the accuracy (expressed as the average recoveries) was 80.6-105%; the precision (expressed as the coefficient of variation) was below 6.3% at 0.015, 0.03, and 0.06 mg/kg. The validated method demonstrated high accuracy and acceptable sensitivity to meet the Codex guideline requirements. The developed method was tested using market samples. As a results, ceftiofur was detected in one sample. Therefore, it can be applied to the analysis of ceftiofur residues in fishery products.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.207-211
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• 2019

Anisakiasis is a zoonotic disease induced by anisakid nematodes, and endoscopic inspection is used for a diagnosis or remedy for it. Anisakis simplex, Anisakis physeteris, and Pseudoterranova decipiens had been reported to be the major species causing human infections, particularly, in Japan. However, in Korea, recent studies strongly suggested that Anisakis pegreffii is the major species of human infections. To support this suggestion, we collected anisakid larvae (n=20) from 20 human patients who were undergone gastrointestinal endoscopy at a health check-up center in Korea, and molecular identification was performed on the larvae using PCR-RFLP analysis and gene sequencing of rDNA ITS regions and mtDNA cox2. In addition, anisakid larvae (n=53) collected from the sea eel (Astroconger myriaster) were also examined for comparison with those extracted from humans. The results showed that all human samples (100%) were identified as A. pegreffii, whereas 90.7% of the samples from the sea eel were A. pegreffii with the remaining 9.3% being Hysterothylacium aduncum. Our study confirmed that A. pegreffii is the predominant species causing human anisakiasis in Korea, and this seems to be due to the predominance of this larval type in the fish (sea eels) popularly consumed by the Korean people. The possibility of human infection with H. aduncum in Korea is also suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.302-315
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• 2021

In this study, factors such as improvement of a fishing process and safety, reduction of the labor force and headcount and development of the automation technology for offshore (eel and crab) pot fishing vessels were analyzed. A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze and select the key factors using independent/paired sample t-test and correlation analysis, and a living lab was operated with ship owners, skippers and experts to discuss practical needs of the site. From the result of questionnaire survey and field requirements, it was possible to understand the level of awareness of ship safety, general safety equipment, fishing work process and fishing safety equipment from the point of view of the field. In addition, there were differences in the measurement results of each items because the working environment and experience were different according to the position of the ship owner and the skipper. The results of the questionnaire survey and various perceptions of field stakeholders were reflected when analyzing the fishing system and fishing process to choose the development equipment applicable to the field. From the analysis results, the selected development equipment based on the fishing equipment and process currently in operation are pot washing device, catch separation and fish hold injection device, length limit regulations and bait ejection device after use, automatic main line winding device, bait crusher, automatic (crab) pot hauling separator and so on.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2004

The present study was conducted to evaluate dietary requirements for essential fatty acids (EFAs) such as linoleic acid (LA, l8:2n-6), -lenolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) in juvenile eel Anguilla japonica cultured in a recirculating system for 16 weeks. The experimental diets contained 50% crude protein, 10% crude lipid and 3800 kcal/kg energy.Brown fish meal and blood meal were used as the main protein sources, while coconut oil, com oil and linseed oil were used as the lipid source to yield target fatty acids ratios. At the end of the trial, the effects of essential fatty acids supplementation on weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feeding efficiency (FE), proximate composition andwhole body fatty acids contents were examined. WG, SGR, and FEof eels fed diet D2, D3, was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed the other diets. Whole body HUFA concentration of eels fed D 1 was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those fed the other diets. HUFA/SFA (saturated fatty acids) ratio of whole body in eels fed diets D2, D3 and D6 were significantly higher than that of eels fed diet D1 (P<0.05).DHA/EPA ratio of whole body in eels fed diet D7was significantly higher than those fed the other diets; and eels fed diet D5 showed the lowest DHA/EPA ratio among all the dietary treatments (P<0.05).Based on the experimental results, we concluded that LNA (n-3) and LA (n-6) were necessary for optimum growth of juvenile eel, and the dietary requirement of LNA and LA were 0.35∼0.5% and 0.5∼0.65%, respectively.