• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1992

Sogokju, an old Korean rice wine, was brewed in laboratory scale in February, 1978, and the changes in chemical component and microorganisms in wine mash were investigated during brewing. In the course of first-mash brewing, lactic acid bacteria became the most predominant microflora in 3 days of fermentation lowering the pH of mash to 4.2. But at 7 days, the most predominant microorganism was changed from lactic acid bacteria to least, pH reached 3.6, and the saccharogenic activity of mash was reduced from initial 10 to 3.6. During second-mash brewing, remarkable changes did not occurred in pH and acidity, maintaining 3.5∼3.7 of pH and 8.0∼8.8 of acidity. Ethanol fermentation was proceeded vigorously until 20 days of fermentation, but it reached stationary state with 18.5% ethanol after 40 days, leaving reducing sugar unfermented in mash. Even if saccharogenic activity continued all during fermentation, it was thought to be too weak. The final product of Sogokju filterate, fermented for 60 day, contained 18.8% ethanol, 5.0% reducing sugar,0.4:1 total acid, 0.057% volatile acid, 0.206% amino acid and 7.3% extract. In sensory test, Sogokju scored good marks with similar level to commercial Bupju or Chungju. It had pale yellow color, gentle Nuluk-flavor and acid taste just a little strong.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the quality and sensory characteristics of ginpi wine using different levels of ginpi at each fermentation step. In the first mash with or without ginpi, lactic acid bacteria and yeast counts were maximum between days 2 and 3 of fermentation. The reducing sugar content increased after 2 days of fermentation of the first mash. Brix content increased rapidly after 1 day of fermentation, but pH decreased rapidly. After 3 days of fermentation of the second mash, 0, 30, 60, or 90 g of ginpi were added, and the yeast counts were 8.89, 8.72, 8.81, and 8.88 \log CFU/mL, respectively but then continually decreased. After 3 days of ginpi wine fermentation of the second mash, the addition of 0, 30, 60, 90 g ginpi resulted in alcohol content of 11.40, 8.90, 9.40, and 8.95%, respectively, and after 3 days of fermentation, alcohol content increased slightly. The results of a sensory evaluation showed that overall acceptability of ginpi wine was not different with different levels of added ginpi. However, the flavor of the 90 g ginpi wine had the highest acceptability.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2006

본 연구는 탁주의 침전과 이취 발생 억제 등 품질개선을 위해 실시하였는데 고형물의 침전 속도가 가장 낮은 검류를 선택하여 이를 탁주 발효에 적용, 대조구와의 발효 양상 및 탁주의 품질을 서로 비교하였다. 우선 실험에 사용한 검류 중 carrageenan이 가장 좋은 효과를 나타내었는데 침전량이 가장 적고 침전 속도도 가장 느린 것으로 나타났다. 알코올 생성에 대해서는 carrageenan의 경우가 대조구보다 좋은 발효 양상을 보였으며 2${\sim}$4일 사이에 왕성하게 일어났다. 탁주의 산도는 2일째까지 산도가 많이 증가하고 그 이후에는 적게 증가하였으며 carrageenan의 경우 대조구보다 산도가 낮게 나타났다. 알코올 발효 과정의 fusel oil의 생성이 관해서는 carrageenan을 첨가한 경우(0.046${\sim}$0.113${\mu}$l/ml의 범위) 대조구보다 1.6배${\sim}$3.2배 낮게 나타났다. 효모 생육은 carrageenan을 첨가한 경우 효모 증식에 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 탁주의 관능 평가에서는 carrageenan을 첨가한 것이 대조구보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 탁주의 저장 중 발생하는 이취(nasty smell)는 대조구는 저장 2일째부터, carrageenan을 첨가한 경우는 6일째부터 이취가 감지되었다. 결론적으로 탁주의 저장 중 침전과 이취의 발생 억제는 carrageenan을 첨가하므로 해결할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권4A호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2012

충돌해석 데이터의 확대해석 사례는 미국의 도로안전시설 지침인 MASH(Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, AASHTO, 2009)에서 2,270 kg 픽업트럭의 충격흡수시설에 대한 충돌시험 데이터로부터 1,500 kg 중형승용차의 안전도를 계산하는 절차에 관한 내용을 최초로 소개하였다. MASH 방법에 따라 1.3 ton 차량의 충돌시험 데이터로부터 0.9 ton 차량의 충돌데이터 및 안전지수를 계산하여 0.9 ton 차량의 충돌실험 데이터와 비교하였다. 비교 결과 MASH방법으로 계산한 0.9 ton 차량의 충돌데이터 및 안전지수가 충돌실험 데이터와 큰 차이를 나타낸다는 것을 확인하였고 그 원인을 분석하여 새로운 확대해석 방법을 개발하였다. 개발된 확대해석 방법은 질량이 큰 차량(1.3 ton)의 충돌시험 데이터로부터 작은 차량(0.9 ton)의 충돌 데이터를 계산할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 작은 차량(0.9 ton)의 충돌 데이터로 부터 큰 차량(1.3 ton)의 데이터를 계산할 수 있다. 개발된 확대해석 방법은 정확도가 MASH에 비하여 월등하고 이론적인 원리가 확실하다. 본 논문은 충돌시험 데이터를 이용하여 새로운 확대해석 방법의 효율성과 정확도를 입증하고 그 원리를 규명하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1973

탁주료의 발효(醱酵)에 미치는 효모(酵母)의 종류(種類)와 담금조건(條件)의 영향을 검토(檢討)하여 다음의 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 효모(酵母)의 종류(種類)와 료중의 효모수(酵母數) (1) 일단료를 $20^{\circ}C$에서 $1.5{\sim}2.5$일간(日間) 발효(醱酵)시키거나 $25^{\circ}C$와 $30^{\circ}C$에서 $1{\sim}2$일간(日間) 발효(醱酵)시킨 경우 효모분포(酵母分布)에 있어서 탁주효모(濁酒酵母)인 strain $D_m-1$과 청주효모(淸酒酵母)인 strain No.7사이에 별(別)로 차(差)가 없었다. (2) 이단료를 고온(高溫)($30^{\circ}C$ 또는 $35^{\circ}C$)에서 발효(醱酵)시킨 경우에는 저온발효(低溫醱酵)의 경우에 비(比)하여 료중의 효모수(酵母數)가 감소(減少)되었으나 탁주효모(濁酒酵母)인 strain $D_m-1$의 료중의 생존효모수(生存酵母數)는 청주효모(淸酒酵母)인 strain. No.7의 것보다 훨씬 많았다. 2. 효모(酵母)의 종류(種類)와 숙성료의 성분(成分) (1) 이단료를 고온(高溫) ($30^{\circ}C$ 또는 $35^{\circ}C$)에서 발효(醱酵)시킨 경우 선정(選定)한 탁주효모(濁酒酵母)(strain $D_m-1$, strain Y-1)을 使用한 숙성료의 주도(酒度)는 타효모(他酵母)(strain No.7, strain No.6, strain No.396, 및 strain No.1)를 사용(使用)한 것보다 상당(相當)히 높았다. (2) 료의 산도(酸度)는 strain $D_m-1$과 strain No.7사이에 약간 차이(差異)가 있었다. (3) 이단료를 고온(高溫) ($30^{\circ}C$ 또는 $35^{\circ}C$)에서 발효(醱酵)시킨 경우 strain $D_m-1$을 사용(使用)한 료의 Formol-N는 strain No.7을 사용(使用)한것보다 상당(相當)히 적었다. 3. 담금조건(條件)과 료의 주도(酒度) (1) 밀기울국(麴)의 첨가량(添加量)은 원료(原料)에 대하여 3%가 적당(適當)하였으며 밀가루국(麴)과 혼용(混用)할때에는 밀가루국(麴) 20%, 밀기울국(麴)은 $1{\sim}2%$를 사용(使用)하는 것이 적당(適當)하였다. (2) 일단료의 담금농도(濃度)를 보통(普通)것의 2배(倍)로 희석(稀釋)하여도 효모(酵母)의 증식(增殖)에 이상(異常)이 없었다. (3) 담금용수(用水) 180ml에 대하여 밀가루 $80{\sim}140g$를 사용(使用)한 경우 원료(原料)밀가루량(量)의 증가(增加)에 따라 료의 주도(酒度)가 대략(大略) 비례적(比例的)으로 올랐다. (4) 현행(現行)의 이단식(二段式)담금법(法)보다 삼단식(三段式)담금법(法)이 유리(有利)하다고 인정(認定)되었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2002

This study is to investigate its use by applying stainless steel wire mash reinforcement method of construction, which is newly developed, on the high strength concrete beam mixed with polymer-steel fiber. In this test, it is investigated and observed such as follows: the ultimate load, the initial flexure crack load, the initial diagonal tension crack load, the relation between load and deflection, load-strain relation, and also crack growth and fracture aspect by increasing load. The results of this test are; first, the stainless steel wire showed some useful reinforcement effects in multiplying the steel's resisting force of moment to the tensile force of beam or slab: second, the promoting strength and internal force was made in the process of the integration at the same reaction by using the penetrating polymer-mortar with an excellent durability and physical property. On the basis of this results, because such instances in applying stainless steel wire Mash reinforcement method of construction have been few so far, through the experimental investigation such as this test over and over again, the efficient and useful method must be developed for the practice.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to determine the quality characteristics, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of fermented ginseng wine at each fermentation step. In the first mash with and without ginseng, viable cell counts (total cell, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast) were maximum between 2 to 4 days of fermentation. At the beginning of fermentation, Brix and ethanol contents, and titratable acidity increased, while pH decreased rapidly. At 3 days of fermentation of the second mash with ginseng, the viable cell counts were similar to those without ginseng and then continually decreased. At the end of fermentation, the pH of the second mash with ginseng was 4.00, lower than the pH of the second mash without ginseng, which was 4.35. Alcohol contents of second mashes with and without ginseng were 12.2 and 11.8%, respectively. In the aging period of ginseng and rice wines, the pH, titratable acidity, Brix, and ethanol contents did not change markedly. The results of sensory evaluation showed that fermented ginseng wine had good flavor and high acceptability. In the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity assay, fermented ginseng wine ($IC_{50}$: 0.394 mg/mL) showed higher antioxidant activity than fermented rice wine ($IC_{50}$: 0.884 mg/mL). The butanol fraction of fermented ginseng wine exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against P388 and HeLa cell lines.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.153-158
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• 1969

It is the most important thing to substitute sweet potato for wheat flour as the brewing material of Maggerley(Korean wine) in order to save precious wheat flour which is now consumed as the sole material in it. In this study, the fermenting mash material has been prepared with combination of wheat (KIorean wine) as a first step of sabing wheat flour consuming. The combination ratio of wheat flour and sweet potato starch in mashing, in this experiment, are such as mashing plot of 100% wheat flour (No.3 plot), 50% wheat flour plus 50 % of sweet potato starch (No.2plot), 30% wheat flour plus 70% starch syrup of sweet potato (No. 4 plot), and 60% wheat flour plus sweet potato starch (No. 1 plot). The results of fermentation and chemical components of each mash in experimental plot are as following : 1. Alocholic fermentation was most vigorous in No.4 plost among them, the next are in order to hydrolyze and break down the protein sourece to glucose and amino acid, the new enzymic source were added in experimantal amsh before putting yeasts, those enzymic sources have been developed and prepared in this laboratory No.4 and No.2 plot at same degree. Generally, the activities of alcholic fermentation of all plots are vigorous and fair. The acidity of each fermented mash is in the rangw of 3.7-4.8. 2. Amounts of amino acids in fermented mash are in the range of 145 mg per 100 ml and 158 mg for all experiments, and these amounts are much more than those of present commerical Maggerley. However, the amount of it in the No.4 plots is much less among the m, this is due to the lack of protein source in starch syrup. 3. Amounts of organic acids in fermented mash are in the range of 0.44g per 100ml and 0.62g, these amounts are generally much more than those of the present commercial Maggerley. 4. The result of sensory test for the experimental Maggerley shows good taste and flavour in comparison with those of commercial Maggerely. 5. It is proved that these experimental fermentation of Maggerley is succesful in the partial substitution of sweet potato starch potato starch for wheat flour, and it is also be able to make a good Maggerley in all aspects of quality.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.83-99
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• 2013

This research is a follow-up study about analysis on the many different customer groups and their various culture trend, which intends to realize diverse values depending on the sense. The purpose of this study was to develop direction forecast for the future fashion industry through consideration about the characteristics of contemporary fashion industry by the change of different customer's culture trend. And also try to find solution to survival strategy of fashion fields able to evolve with customer. Change of the customer's cultural trend draws a shift in policy in the 21st fashion industry as follows : 1) mash-up 2) complexation through decentering and blurring 3) invisible and immaterial value oriented 4) expansion of minor small market. Moreover, this shows sociocultural meaning as follows. First is spread of flexible and horizontal relationship through collaborative consumption and collaboration. Second is concentration on floating and indeterminate chance through dismantling of various different fashion categories. Third is formation of the permanent difference by selection and focus. Last is expansion of understanding about cultural-ecology. Customer cultural trend is 'meme' of cultural gene in fashion field, so it intends to co-evolute with customer by continuous change.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 1973

배양효모(培養酵母)를 사용(使用)하지 않고있는 12개(個) 주조장(酒造場)의 탁주료에서 297주(株)의 효모(酵母)를 분리(分離)하여 각균주별(各菌株別)로 주모(酒母)를 만들어 담금 시험(試驗)을 하였으며 그중(中)에서 양호(良好)한 발효성적(醱酵成績)을 나타낸 7주(株)를 우수균주(優秀菌株)로 선정(選定)하여 이들을 동정(同定)한 결과(結果)는 아래와 같다. (1) 양조장별(釀造場別)로 분리(分離)한 효모(酵母)를 사용(使用)하여 담금 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果), 발효료의 주도평균(酒度平均)이 $13.20{\sim}15.20$로서 주조장별(酒造場別)로 상당(相當)한 차이(差異)가 있었다. (2) 일반료에서 분리(分離)한 효모(酵母)와 이단요에서 분리(分離)한 효모(酵母)는 발효시험(醱酵試驗)의 평균치(平均値)에 있어서 차이(別差)를 나타내지 않았다. (3) 분리효모(分離酵母)의 발효성적(醱酵成績)은 TTC 염색성별(染色性別)로 별차(別差)를 나타내지 않았다. (4) 선정균주(選定菌株) 7주중(株中) strain $D_m-1,\;D_m-2,\;Y-1$ 및 T-1은 TTC pink 효모(酵母)로, strain C-1, C-2 및 $G_s-1$은 TTC red 효모(酵母)로 나타났다. (5) 우수균주(優秀菌株) 7주(株)를 동정(同定)한 결과(結果) strain $D_m-1$, Y-1, C-1, C-2, 및 T-1은 Saccharomyces-cerevisiae로, strain $G_s-1$은 Saccharomyces pretoriencis로, strain $D_m-2$는 Saccharomyces rouxii로 동정(同定)되었다.