• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of throwing motion in the elementary school students from the developmental point of view. For the purpose of this, total of nine subjects(each of three students in five, third, and first grades) were participated. They were asked to throw the ball as far as they can and the motions were videotaped with the 30frames/sec and 1/500 shutter speed. The successful motions for each subject were selected for three dimensional analysis. The collected data were analyzed using DV express 1.0 and Kwon3D 3.0 softwares. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. Total time for the throwing motion of the first grade was longer than that of the fifth and third grades. 2. The resultant displacement and velocity of COM for the fifth and third grades were greater than that of the frist grade. 3. The first grade tended to flex the trunk forward excessively during the throwing motion. 4. The fifth grade tended to place the upper arm close to the sagital plane and move the forearm and hand freely. 5. Looking at the greater variability of the angular velocity of the hand segment, the fifth grade seemed to have faster and more flexible movement of the wrist. 6. There were somewhat differences in the patterns and magnitudes of ground reaction forces among the different grades.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.535-552
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary school teachers' conceptions on the general remarks (GR) in the new science teacher's guide, the teachers' conceptions on inservice training program of the GR, and their opinions of improvement on the GR. Also, the teachers' utilization of the GR was examined. The participants were 152 elementary school teachers who were teaching grade 3~6. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The results of this study are as follows; First, at least 13.2~17.1% of the teachers did not have specific conception of the purpose of the GR, and more than 90% of the teachers expressed that the GR is necessary in the teachers' guide. Second, about 60% of the teachers responded that the training program on the GR is necessary, and when the program is open, their most favorite agency and speaker were a provincial education office and a textbook developer(or author), respectively. Their most favorite time and period of the training program were the vacation and 15~30 hours, respectively. Third, the mean values on the frequency of use were lower than 3 point of the five-point Likert scale at both the GR for grade 3~4 and the GR for grade 5~6, and the teachers' main use of the GR was the planning a science lesson for an open class. Fourth, the teachers suggested various opinions and there was difference between the opinions about the GR for grade 3~4 and the opinions about the GR for grade 5~6.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.9 no.2 s.18
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• pp.107-118
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the practice of performance assessment in elementary mathematics classes especially focused on 4th grade. To achieve this, three research questions were posed as follow: First, What do they prepare for performance assessment? Second, What kinds of tests do they use in mathematics performance assessment? Third, What kinds of difficulties do they have for performance assessment and what should be changed for a successful performance assessment in mathematics? To Answer the research questions, three 4th grade classes were selected from three different elementary schools in seoul and three teachers were interviewed. From the data analysis, several conclusion were drawn. First, a plan for mathematics performance assessment was not set by the class teacher who are in charge of the class. The main reason was lack of time. Second, in most of the assessment, written tests were used and the items in the tests were skill-oriented. Third, teachers thought that performance assessment was needed in mathematics. But lack of their time, knowledge and competency, it is difficult to do performance assessment in mathematics.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.183-197
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between learning-related social skills, early school adjustment, and academic achievement. The sample consisted of 160 first grade children in one elementary school in the city of Ilsan. The teacher rated children's learning-related social skills and early school adjustment. Academic achievement was assessed by scores on Korean language arts and math exams administered at the end of first semester. Learning-related social skills and early school adjustment were correlated with the children's academic achievement. Particularly, the cooperation and mastery behavior of learning-related social skills were strongly associated with the early school adjustment and academic achievement.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.253-271
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to see the effects of a learning method of the multiplication play activities on improving the mathematical thinking ability and mathematical attitude of 2nd grade students in elementary school. We chose 19 students of the 2nd grade experimental group of D elementary school in the D city to conduct this research. The result of this study are as follows. First, Classes using multiplicative play activities have a positive effect on students' mathematical thinking ability. When analyzing transcripts and activities, students were able to think of strategies that could solve the problem according to the situation. Second, Classes using multiplicative play activities, in result of this they have positive effect mathematical attitude than using textbook in terms of attitude about mathematical subject and habits of study. In conclusion, the multiplication play activities are effective to improve mathematical thinking ability and attitude of second elementary school students. It can be a implication for the method of improving mathematical thinking ability and attitude.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a realistic illustration using watercolors on a complete airway obstruction maneuver that is at an appropriate level for elementary school students from the first grade through the third. The illustration is a series of cuts divided into specific frames designed to illustrate the method to be followed in an action or a practical skill that would otherwise be too difficult to explain in written form. Methods: The fundamental theory of the Jeong In-Sung's instruction learning program based on the WEB to construct an appropriate site of instruction learning was used after modification. In this study analysis, design, and production stages were realized. Results: 1. In Stage 1, impressions of the illustration, in sketch form, were received. In Stage 2, results of impressions from a modified illustration were received. After an appropriate level of understanding and accuracy in the practical steps for emergency maneuvers were achieved the illustrations entering Stage 3 and color was added to the sketches. 2. In Stage 3, the illustration was completed by adding color to the contents for the practical steps in the complete airway obstruction maneuver. 3. For composition evaluation, a result of 100% appropriateness was obtained for both items of harmony between illustration and subject being studied and sufficiency in quantity of illustrations. Also high results for appropriateness in items such as clarity, creating interest, illustration size, and tone preference as related to content were achieved and thus completed the production stages. Conclusion: The Complete Airway Obstruction Maneuver Illustration developed specifically for the characteristics and cognitive level of elementary school students grade 1 through grade 3 was appropriate for teaching and learning. There is a need for future research on developed illustrations aimed at elementary school students grade 1 through 3 on the complete airway obstruction maneuver. There is also a need for continued effort in developing certified evaluating tools that can judge the suitability of illustrations and developing illustrations related to emergency maneuvers for various subjects and appropriate for learner level.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1221-1235
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the multicultural content of the Korean Elementary School Textbook revised in 2015. This study abstracted the framework of multicultural factors for analysis of multicultural contents from the research on "Revision Guidelines by Analysis of Multicultural Factors in Secondary Curriculum and Textbook". The analyzed textbook is the integrated winter textbooks for both the first and second grades revised curriculum in 2015. Several findings were represented as follows: first, the frequency of multicultural content displayed five times in first grade and nineteen times in second grade respectively. Second, the analyzed textbooks did not include contents directly associated with multiculturalism. Activities and experience is important in the acceptance of unfamiliar cultures Thus, multicultural contents' frequency of within textbooks is very crucial. Finally, the revised curriculum focused on activities and experiences about the theme and content in the textbook and was developed around block chassis. For teaching the textbook content, teachers must perfectly understand textbooks through teacher training. The textbooks of reflecting right values on multiculturalismIn. this respect, elementary school curriculum and textbook content should be improved by supplementary revision fitting for the growth of humanity in the multicultural era.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.405-414
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the sexual maturation, body image, and self-esteem of Korean elementary school girls with symptoms of precocious puberty compared to those with no symptoms of precocious puberty. Methods: The subjects were 309 girls of lower grades in elementary school. Tanner's Sexual Maturation Rating (SMR), Self Image Scale, and Self-esteem Scale were utilized to determine the presence of symptoms of precocious puberty, body image, and self esteem. Collected data were analyzed by Chi-square test, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The percentage of the girls with breast development was 14.9%. Breast development usually began in the third grade (56.5%). Of the subjects, 0.3% were experiencing menstruation. Breast development was related to grade, age, height, weight, and a cause of worry. There was a significant difference of body image between girls with breast development in the first grade and in the second grade. Conclusion: An effective intervention that can improve the self-image of children with symptoms of precocious puberty should be developed to prevent and treat physical and mental problems related to sexual maturation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.381-385
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• 2007

Purpose : Traditional herbal medicines may be overused in Korea. Expenditures and inaccuracies of hospital prescription are increasing gradually. So we investigated the frequency and nature of herbal medicine use among elementary school pupils. Methods : We interviewed students of three elementary schools located in Gwangju with survey papers. We analyzed 905 returned surveys. Results : They consisted of 421 males and 484 females. Five hundred ninety (65.2 percent) of pupils who have taken herbal medicines since birth. First grade made up 74.1 percent, 2nd grade 63.0 percent, 3rd grade 64.8 percent, 4th grade 63.3 percent, 5th grade 65.5 percent, and sixth grade 61.9 percent, respectively. The mean frequency of herbal medicine use was 3.2 times. 6th grade was 3.3 times, 5th grade 3.9 times, 4th grade 3.7 times, 3rd grade 2.7 times, 2nd grade 2.7 times, and 1st grade 2.6 times, respectively. The mean cost of herbal medicine use was from 50,00-100,000 won. The mean age of pupils who took their 1st herbal medicine was 55 months, 6th grade 67 months, 5th grade 58 months, 4th grade 54 months, 3rd grade 55 months, 2nd grade 51 months, and 1st grade 47 months. The most common reason of herbal medicine use was "looking weak, without disease." The rate of elementary pupils who had good effects was 63.7 percent; the rate of side effects was 4.5 percent. Conclusions : The rate of elementary pupils who took herbal medicines was high and gradually higher in lower grades. So, clinicians have to cope directly with this situation and to educate parents about herbal medicines.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.13-26
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and school adjustment of elementary-, middle-, high-school youth and to verify the mediating effects of parenting behavior. Methods: We analyzed the data from Wave 4 of the first-grade panel of elementary school and Waves 1 and 4 of the first-grade panel of middle school in Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS), including 1,703 fourth graders, 2,119 seventh graders, and 2,108 tenth graders. Multiple regression was used for the data analyses. Results: The results of this study were as follows. First, longer sleep duration was associated with a higher level of school adjustment in fourth grade. In contrast, longer sleep duration was associated with a lower level of school adjustment in seventh and tenth grades. Second, longer sleep duration was related to a higher level of discipline through reasoning in fourth grade. However, longer sleep duration was related to a lower level of parental monitoring in seventh and tenth grades. Third, the relationship between sleep duration and school adjustment was mediated by parenting behavior. Discipline through reasoning had a mediating effect in fourth grade, but the mediating effect of parental monitoring was found in seventh and tenth grades. Conclusion: These results suggest a differentiated approach on sleep duration in accordance with developmental stage and the need for parent education.