• Title/Summary/Keyword: fire.explosion

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A Study on Explosive Limits of Flammable Materials - Explosive Limits of Flammable Binary liquid Mixture by Liquid Phase Compositions - (가연성물질의 폭발한계에 관한 연구 - 액상 조성에 의한 가연성 2성분 액체혼합물의 폭발한계 -)

  • 하동명
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.103-108
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    • 2001
  • Explosive limit is one of the major physical properties used to determine the fire and explosion hazards of the flammable substances. Explosive limits are used to classify flammable liquids according to their relative flammability. Such a classification is important for the safe handling of flammable liquids which constitute the solvent mixtures. Explosive limits of all compounds and solvent mixtures can be calculated with the appropriate use of the fundamental laws of Raoult, Dalton, Le Chatelier and activity coefficient models. In this paper, Raoult,s law and van Laar equation(activity coefficient model) are shown to be applicable for the prediction of the explosive limits in the flammable ethylacetate-toluene system. The values calculated by the proposed equations were a good agreement with literature data within a given percent. From a given results, by the use of the proposed equations, it is possible to predict explosive limits of the other flammable mixtures. It is hoped eventually that this method will permit the estimation of the explosive Properties of flammable mixtures with improved accuracy and the broader application for other flammable stances.

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A Study on the Properties of the Heavy Duty Rust-Converting Agent used in the Potential Hazard Areas of Fire & Explosion (잠재적 화재.폭발 위험 지역 작업용 녹전환형 중방식 코팅제의 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 강영구
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.102-111
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    • 1998
  • This study was concerned with the development of a heavy duty rust-converting agent, the function of which is to form metal complex coatings, containing vinyl halide-acrylic terpolymer emulsion, defoamer, emulsifying agent, glass flakes, chelating agent such as gallotannic acid, gallic acid, and pyrogallic acid, and other additives. The resulted emulsion products(Sample No.1~No.5) were characterized through test either in the forms of emulsions, which include Viscosity, Penetration rate, Acidity and Film drying rate test, or in the forms of coated layer on rusty steel substrates by FT-IR, which include hardness, gloss, salt spray, adhesion and flame retardant test. The test results are as follows ; Penetration rate(0.1~0.4 mm/min), Solid content(70%), Acidity (pH 1.8~2.0), Specific gravity(1.30~1.35), Film drying rate(108min, RH 40% ; 150min, RH 80%), Gloss(83~92, incident angle 60; 88~97, incident angle 85), Pencil hardness(4H~5H), Adhesion (100/100), Salt spray test(>720Hr), LOI(%) value(38%), Vertical burning test(UL 94-v-l). According to the various performance of specimens show above, the evaluation of the availability of this heavy duty rust-converting agent can be concluded that all the samples(No.1~No.5) are capable of being used in the field of chemical plant and in the hazard areas of fire and explosion potential. It was observed that the properties of sample No.2, especially gloss and hardness, were much better than that of the other samples.

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A Field Survey on the Risk Management Information System on the Underground Space - Focused on Fire Protection Assessment System on The Underground Shopping Mals - (지하공간의 위험관리정보시스템에 관한 조사 연구 - 지하가의 화재예방평가시스템 중심으로 -)

  • Park, Jong-Keun;Roh, Sam-Kew
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.2 no.4 s.7
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    • pp.117-122
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    • 2002
  • A large number of accidents at an underground place have been happening, including the gas explosion under construction of subway, the fires of underground utility and underground shopping malls, and other explosion, at home and abroad recently. These accidents make the function of a city ineffective due to the paralyses of electricity and communications net as well as the loss of property, and cause people to feel unsecured with accompaniment of a heavy of toll of lives. This study suggests safety assessment items and fire protection assessment technique for underground shopping malls by extracting dangerous elements in the management stage through examination of related accidents, documents and present conditions.

A Study on method to construct system for u-Safe fire management support (u-Safe 소방대응지원 시스템 구축방안에 관한 연구)

  • Jeon, Jai-Pil;Yang, Hae-Sool
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.9 no.5
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    • pp.1201-1209
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    • 2008
  • In Seoul, there are lots of skyscrapers that have above 60 stories and buildings that have more than 8 basement levels, as well as massive distribution complex region which is connected to subways, departments, malls, hotels, and exhibition halls. When an accident, such as fire and explosion, happens in these areas or structures, if we can't find where fire-fighters are, who go into the building to suppress the fire, we couldn't be sure of their safety as well as effective command. Actually, it may cause much more damage itself and restrict either fire suppression or lifesaving. To protect people's life and properties as much as possible, this study will show the method to construct system of disaster-management supports with effective operation of fire force and scientific fire strategy in the scene by using Ubiquitous technique to enormous disasters.

The Evaluation of Fire Reliability for the High Pressure Hydrogen Storage System of Fuel Cell Vehicle (I) (연료전지자동차의 고압수소저장시스템 국부화재 신뢰성 평가 (I))

  • Kim, Sang-Hyun;Choi, Young-Min;Hang, Ki-Ho;Shim, Ji-Hyun;Hang, In-Cheol;Lim, Tae-Won
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.520-526
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    • 2011
  • In recent years, it is very important that hydrogen storage system is safe for user in any circumstances in case of crash and fire. Because the hydrogen vehicle usually carry high pressurized cylinders, it is necessary to do safety design for fire. The Global Technical Regulation (GTR) has been enacted for localized and engulfing fire test. High pressure hydrogen storage system of fuel cell electrical vehicles are equipped with Thermal Pressure Relief Device (TPRD) installed in pressured tank cylinder to prevent the explosion of the tank during a fire. TPRDs are safety devices that perceive a fire and release gas in the pressure tank cylinder before it is exploded. In this paper, we observed the localized and engulfing behavior of tank safety, regarding the difference of size and types of the tanks in accordance with GTR.

A Study on How to Evaluate Appropriate Ventilation Rate of Indoor Facility Handling Hazardous Substances by Their Flammable and Explosive Properties (유해화학물질을 취급하는 실내시설에서의 인화폭발성에 따른 적정 환기량 산정에 대한 연구)

  • Mansu Park;Cheong-Min Seo;Hyo-Soub Yoon;Kyoshik Park
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.293-301
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: Ministry of Environment statistics reveals more than 132 fire·explosion accidents in South Korea between 2014 and 2023. Among them, fire and/or explosion accidents are very impactive in their scale and consequence. This study aims to suggest a new method of reasonable way to calculate the ventilation rate of indoor facility handling hazardous chemicals based on their inflammability. Method: A new method to calculate the ventilation rate is based on the physicochemical properties of the chemicals handled, which is more reasonable compared with the current regulation based only on the floor area of the facility. Result: Considering the physicochemical properties, 178 chemicals based on their inflammability were studied and 168(94%) met the criteria for the current regulation. Some materials have been shown to require too much or too little ventilation rate. Conclusion: Through this study, a reasonable method of calculating the required ventilation rate was proposed. This should be applied to ensure the safety of workers to deal chemicals.

Fire Patterns According to the Blood Hb-CO Concentration of Charred Bodies (소사체의 혈중 헤모글로빈-일산화탄소 농도에 따른 연소형태 연구)

  • Choi, Seung-Bok;Oh, Bu-Yeol;Choi, Don-Mook
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.40-48
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    • 2012
  • Fire patterns have been used to determine the origin and cause of fires in every setting imaginable. However, it is very difficult to identify fire patterns and causes from the fire-damaged remains of a devastated structure. If someone was killed by the fire, it is possible to identify fire patterns by analyzing the Hb-CO concentration in charred bodies of deceased as well as the pace of the fire. For example, a low level of Hb-CO concentration in the charred bodies indicate a rapid fire with accelerants and the death was caused by severe heat and thick toxic fumes. However, a high level of Hb-CO concentration in the charred bodies demonstrates that the fire was slow and/or there was a flameless form of combustion. Thus, it is possible to identify fire patterns through analyzing the level of Hb-CO concentration on the dead from the fire. In this study, the Hb-CO concentration in the charred bodies was from 3 % at the case of gas burning oneself to death to 93 % at the death caused by smoldering fire.

Risk Assessment and Safety Measures for Methanol Separation Process in BPA Plant (BPA 공장의 메탄올 분리공정에서 위험성 평가 및 안전대책)

  • Woo, In-Sung;Lee, Joong-Hee;Lee, In-Bok;Chon, Young-Woo;Park, Hee-Chul;Hwang, Seong-Min;Kim, Tae-Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.22-28
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    • 2012
  • For a methanol separation column of the BPA (Bisphenol A) plant, HAZOP (hazard and operability) assessment was performed and damage ranges were predicted from the accident scenarios for the fire and the explosion. As a result, the damage range of the jet fire was 20 m in the case of rupture of the discharge pipe (50 mm diameter) of safety valve, and that of the flash fire was 267 m in the case of catastrophic rupture. Also, the damage ranges of the unconfined vapor cloud explosion (UVCE) for the rupture of the discharge pipe and for the catastrophic rupture were 22 m and 542 m, respectively. For the worst case of release scenarios, safety measures were suggested as follows: the pressure instruments, which can detect abnormal rise of the internal pressure in the methanol separation column, should be installed by the 2 out of 3 voting method in the top section of the column. Through the detection, the instruments should simultaneously shut down the control and the emergency shut-off valves.

Suggestions for Safety Improvement of CNG Bus Based on Accident and Failure Analysis (CNG버스 사고원인 분석에 근거한 안전성 향상 방안에 대한 연구)

  • Yoon, Jae-Kun;Yoon, Kee-Bong
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.69-76
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    • 2008
  • Three failure cases of CNG composite vessels were reported since after January 2005. The 1st and 2nd accidents were indebted to vessel defect and installation mistake. The 3rd was caused by gas leak at pipe connections. In this paper various aspects were studied based on information of the three failure analysis, which must be improved for better safety of the CNG bus system. Overpressure region caused by vessel explosion was theoretically predicted and also assessed by PHAST program. Explosion of 120 l vessel under 20 MPa is equivalent to 1.2 kg TNT explosion. The predicted value by PHAST was more serious than theoretical one. However, actual consequence of explosion was much less than both of the predicted consequences. Since the CNG vessel was designed by the performance based design methodology, it is difficult to verify whether the required process and tests were properly conducted or not after production. If material toughness is not enough, the vessel should be weak in brittle fracture at early in the morning of winter season since the metal temperature can be lower than the transition temperature. If autofrettage pressure is not correct, fatigue failure due to tensile stress during repeated charging is possible. One positive aspect is that fire did not ocurred after vessel failure. This may be indebted to fast diffusion of natural gas which hindered starting fire.

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Fire Safety evaluation of High Pressure Hydrogen System for FCEV (연료전지차량용 고압수소저장시스템의 화재 안전성 평가)

  • Choi, Young-Min;Jang, Gyu-Jin;Kim, Sang-Hyun;Hang, Ki-Ho;Hang, In-Cheol;Ahn, Byung-Ki;Lim, Tae-Won
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.188-193
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    • 2009
  • Fuel cell vehicles are equipped with Pressure Relief Devices(PRDs) installed in pressure tank cylinder to prevent the explosion of the tank during a fire. PRDs are safety devices that perceive a fire and release gas in the pressure tank cylinder before it is exploded. But if the PRD does not actuate, because either the PRD fails or can't be surrounded by the flame of a fire, the tank will rupture and produce a blast wave and hydrogen fire ball. In this paper, we observed the fire behavior of actual fuel cell vehicle, comparing with that of gasoline vehicle.