• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.50-58
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• 2019

The prediction performance of B-RISK was evaluated for the fire behaviors of combustibles in a compartment using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). First of all, to predict the heat release rate (HRR) for two combustible sets, the HRR for one combustible set and the design fire curve were used as input values for B-RISK. Comparing results of B-RISK calculations with experimental data for two combustible sets, it was found that B-RISK results predicted insufficiently for fire growth rate of experimental data but there was good agreement for maximum HRR and total HRR with the experimental data. And the B-RISK results were used for input values of FDS to evaluate the fire behaviors of B-RISK results. Comparing results of FDS calculations with experimental data, the simulation results showed that the temperature and concentrations of O₂, CO₂ in the fire growth phase were different from the experimental data. However, when using the B-RISK result for percentile 70%, the simulation results sufficiently predicted the overall fire behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2012

Fire is one of the greatest threats to historical buildings not only to the building's occupants but also to the building's structure and contents. The purpose of this research is to evaluate fire risk in historical buildings in Korea through a series of survey and review. In this research, a multicriteria decision-making approach involving Analytical Hierarchy Process has been designed to determine a weighted index to identify factors and quantify fire risk. Fire risk ranking systems of historical building has been developed in some applications, for example, BOCA, WISCONSIN, FSES and HFRI. According to the such derived fire risk indexing, the Human Activity index showed the highest risk, followed by Historic Buildings, Fire Safety Systems, and then Natural Environmental Causes. Comparison of these factors indicates that the derived risk values differ from case to case. It is proposed that a performance-based design approach should consider the building & occupant characteristics, locations and historical significance, resulting in a more accurate and effective evaluation of fire risk.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.4 s.64
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• pp.13-18
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• 2006

The fire protection regulation for the nuclear power plants is based on the qualitative fire hazard assessment and the quantitative fire risk analysis, and the fire risk is managed by the fire protection plan with the appropriate balance among the fire prevention, fire suppression and the minimization of the fire effect. In these days, the zone model or the field model is generally used for the detail evaluation for the fire risk. At this paper, with consideration of the present trend, we evaluate whether the quantitative fire risk analysis and the assessment of fire result for fire areas at nuclear power plants can be possible by use of Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) that is the state-of-the-art fire modeling tool. Consequently, it is expected that the quantitative fire risk evaluation propelled by the fire modeling can be available as an applicable tool to improve the core damage frequency as well as the quantitative fire risk analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.6 s.78
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Subway platform is divided into Side-platform type and Center-platform type. In this study does quantitative fire risk assesment of subway platform types in numerical analysis by using CFD model. From the result of this study, 1) All exhaust mode was low-end result it seems most fire risk at Side-platform station. 2) All exhaust mode was low-end result it seems most fire risk at Center-Platform station. 3) When comparing same type exhaust mode of Side-platform and Center-platform that last thing was visible $9.1{\sim}72.34%$ low-end fire risk. Center-platform is more opera-tive than Side-platform that reduce fire risk when that was same dimension and external environment. Designer look upon a fire characteristic of subway platform types when he make smoke control air volume and platform area design.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.388-396
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• 2023

The evaluation of fire risk for combustible materials was carried out using Chung's equations-X, Chung's equations-XI, and Chung's equation-XII, which were newly established. The fire risk index-XII (FRI-XII) and fire risk rating (FRR) were calculated for specimens including camphor tree, cherry, rubber tree, and elm. The combustion characteristics were determined using a cone calorimeter according to ISO 5660-1. Chung's equations caculated the fire performance index-X (FPI-X) and fire growth index-X (FGI-X) values ranged from 89.34 to 1696.75 s² /kW and from 0.0006 to 0.0107 kW/s² , respectively. In addition, the fire performance index-XI (FPI-XI) and fire growth index-XI (FGI-XI) varied from 0.08 to 1.48 and from 0.67 to 11.89, respectively. The fire risk index-XII (FRI-XII), which is an indicator of fire risk, showed that camphor tree had a value of 148.63 (fire risk rating: G), indicating a very high fire risk. This suggests that combustible materials with a high concentration of volatile organic compounds have lower FPI-X and FPI-XI values, higher FGI-X and FGI-XI values, and consequently higher FRI-XII values, indicating an increased fire risk.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2024

The fire risk and fire safety of four types of wood were comprehensively evaluated according to Chung's equation-XII. White ash, willow, fraxinus mandshurica, and sagent cherry trees were selected as test specimens. A cone calorimetery (ISO 5660-1) was used to examine the combustion characteristics of the test piece, and finally, the fire risk rating (FRR) was predicted using the fire risk index-XII (FRI-XII). The predicted fire performance index-X (FPI-X) and fire growth index-X (FGI-X) ranged from 469.03 to 1109.73 s²/kW and 0.0009 to 0.0280 kW/s², respectively. Additionally, the fire performance index-XI (FPI-XI) and fire growth index-XI (FGI-XI) ranged from 0.41 to 0.97 and 1.11 to 3.11, respectively. The fire risk index-XII (FRI-XII), representing a fire risk rating, showed that the fire risk of frasxinus mandsurica tree (FM) was very high at 7.60 (fire risk rating: D). And it was compared with Chung's equation-IX, fire risk index-IX (FRI-IX). The fire risk ratings according to FRI-IX and FRI-XII were generally high for willow and frasxinus mandsurica trees. Additionally, the results of FRI-XII and FRI-IX had a similar relationship, and the size of each fire safety rating closely matched each other.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.164-165
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• 2021

In Korea, in the case of fire scenarios in performance design, it is assumed that the sprinkler is not working. In addition, it does not applicate various fire conditions. Therefore it is not enough that the accuracy about fire scenario. In foreign countries, reseach is being conducted to predict the casualities that can occur due to fire in the building space through statistical risk analysis. Also, research is consistently conducting for design that consider the sprinker probability of operation. Therefore, to analyze the fire risk of each building in Korea, the risk was analyzed using statistical data. As a result, the risk of casualties that can occur for each building use was analyzed as 0.6(persons/cases) for residential buildings, 0.25(persons/cases) for sales facilities, and 0.12(persons/cases) for buisiness facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.139-140
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• 2022

This study aims to present basic data for fire risk assessment. In the existing fire risk assessment, the operation of fire safety facilities is not considered. In addition, there is a lack of data on the fire growth rate to predict the spread of fire. Therefore, this study intends to build a fire scenario using fire statistics data. In addition, the fire growth rate is to be derived in consideration of the floor area of burnout and the cause of fire.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2022.04a
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• pp.81-82
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• 2022

This study aims to establish a methodology for rational fire risk assessment for building evacuation safety in case of fire, and specifically, to propose a fire risk assessment technique using fire scenarios considering various uncertain factors in case of fire. In order to analyze the extent to which the assumed conditions can occur, that is, the probability of each accident caused by fire, the safety rate is analyzed according to the presence or absence of each factor by using fire statistics. Factors related to the fire protection performance and evacuation ability of buildings are defined as disaster factors. In this study, disaster factors were classified into the following three categories.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

In this study, we provided an index for the quantitative and systematic performance based fire risk assessment. A complex cinema was adopted for the fire scenario and the fire simulation was carried out by using FDS. Also evacuation time was calculated by using SIMULEX. We obtained a big different fire risk assessment result by the focus on the between space basis and the time basis. As a result of this study, performance based fire risk assessment should be performed on the basis of individual evacuee's path line.