• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2016

The composites of EVA/EPDM including aluminum trioxide (ATH) as a fire retardant were manufactured for the purpose of improving low temperature property and flame resistance in the rubbery materials. The ratio of EVA to EPDM didn't affect the flame resistance of the rubber composites. The addition of ATH resulted in increase of the flame resistance. In the evaluation of the cold resistance, the increasing EPDM content showed enhancement of cold resistance in the composites due to increasing low Tg EPDM. It was found out that tensile strengths of the composites showed a maximum value at 100 phr of ATH by reinforcing effect, but a minimum value at 200 phr of ATH owing to slippage between the flame retardant by the external stress. In the measurement of solvent resistance in tetrahydrofuran, the increasing ATH content yielded enhancement of solvent resistance by reducing swelling of the composite, and increasing EPDM content also resulted from increase of the solvent resistance by reduction of polarizability as well as increase of crosslink in the composites.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.14-18
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• 2018

건축 재료로 사용되는 목재의 내화성능에 관한 기존 연구들은 목재에 난연 또는 방염 처리하였을 경우 연소특성을 확인하는 것에 집중되어 졌다. 본 논문에서는 화염에 노출된 목재의 열분해와 밀접한 관련이 있는 내부 온도 변화를 확인하기 위하여 건축용 구조재로 널리 사용되는 미송(Douglas-fir)에 방염액 및 방염도료를 처리 후 표준 가열 온도 곡선에 따라 수평가열로에서 가열실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 방염액을 처리하였을 때 목재내부의 열확산이 현저히 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 방염도료를 처리한 시료의 경우 고온에 노출 되었을 때 도막이 박리되어 방염효과를 기대할 수 없었다. 따라서 두꺼운 목재에 방염효과를 높이기 위해서는 목재표면에 도막을 형성시키는 방염도료보다는 목재내부로 침투하는 방염액을 사용하는 것이 방화효과가 클 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1992년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.768-770
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• 1992

Conventional flame retardant cable using PVC or CR materials generate considerable amount of toxic and acidic gas (HCI etc.) together with excessive black smoke during a fire. The newly developed halogen free materials have dissolved the problem of halogen acid gases. This paer describes the development of this power cable insulation and sheath, using halogen free materals.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

To improve flame retardation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) against burning, resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), phosphorous containing flame retardant, was incorporated into PET backbone by radical reaction pathway. Radical endcapping of PET with RDP was confirmed by spectroscopic and thermal analysis. From 400 MHz $^{31}P$ solid state FT-NMR spectrum of PET with RDP (PET-RDP), phosphorus spectra peak in RDP was found at ca. -10 ppm. Furthermore, P-C bond stretching vibration peaks were found ca. $530cm^{-1}$ in FT-IR spectrums of PET-RDP. These results indicated that RDP can be chemically bound at the ends of PET by radical addition method. Thermal characteristics of pure PET (pPET) and PET-RDP were measured and evaluated by TGA thermal analysis. There was not significant changes in thermal characteristics of PET-RDP compared to that of pPET.

• Composites Research
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2022

Polymers are inherently vulnerable to flame, which limits their application to various high-tech industries. In addition, environmental regulations restrict the use of halogen-based flame retardants which has best flame-retardant effect. There are inorganic flame retardants and phosphorous flame retardants as representative non-halogen-based flame retardants. However, high content of flame retardants is required to impart high flame retardancy of the polymers, and this leads to a decrease in mechanical properties. In this research, a new approach for inorganic flame retardant-based polymer composites with high mechanical properties and flame retardancy was suggested. Inorganic flame retardants called as magnesium oxysulfate whisker (MOSw) were used in this research. MOSw can extinguish fire by releasing water and non-combustible gases when exposed to flame. In addition, they have reinforcing effect when added into the polymer with its high aspect ratio. Expandable graphite (EG) was used as a flame-retardant supplement by helping to form a more dense char layer. Through this research, it is expected that it can be applied to various industries requiring flame retardancy such as automobile, and architecture by replacing halogen-based flame polymer composites.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 가을학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.29-30
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• 2023

Wood is a construction material that has the advantages of carbon dioxide storage ability, noise reflection, and eco-friendliness. In order to use wood for a long time, you must use wood-specific paint, which is called oil stain. Oil stain improves water resistance and moisture resistance, but has the disadvantage of being weak against fire. This is because the oil contained in the oil stain causes a chemical reaction, and this chemical reaction causes the oil stain to spontaneously ignite, igniting nearby combustible materials and causing frequent fires. To improve this, in this study, different flame retardants were mixed and added to oil stain to produce functional oil stain. In addition, we would like to apply it to wood to check glow time and carbonization area. As a result of the experiment, it shows the best performance when mixed at 30(15 + 15)(%) and added to oil stain. The remaining burn time is satisfied from 10% for all samples, and the carbonized area is satisfied when it is 30%.

• Composites Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

향상된 특성을 갖는 환경친화적인 복합재료의 개발은 고분자재료의 미래에 있어 필수적이며, 부분적으로 또는 완전히 재생가능한 기지재 또는 보강재에 단지 몇 %의 첨가제를 첨가함으로써 쉽게 제작할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 마닐라삼 섬유를 보강재로, 비닐에스터를 기지재로 사용하였으며, VARTM 공정을 이용하여 복합재료를 제조하였다. 또한 마닐라삼 섬유의 알칼리표면처리를 수행하고, APP, HNT를 난연제를 첨가함으로써 기계적 물성과 난연 물성을 향상시키고자 하였다. 실험을 통하여 표면처리가 천연섬유의 친수성을 감소시키고 소수성인 기지재와의 계면접착력을 향상시켰으며, 이는 개발된 복합재료의 기계적 물성 향상을 이끌었다. 유사하게, 복합재료의 난연성도 난연제의 함량이 증가함에 따라 크게 향상되는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2010

내화재료는 건축물에서 화재사고로부터 화염을 차단하기 위해 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 실리콘 고무에 무기계 난연제인 aluminium trihydroxide(ATH, $Al(OH)_3$)와 magnesium dihydroxide(MDH, $Mg(OH)_2$)를 첨가한 복합체를 기계적 교반으로 제조한 후 내화성능향상에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. 내화재료의 열 특성분석을 위해 TGA를 사용하였고, rheometer를 이용해 유변학적 분석을 하였다. 내화특성을 분석하기 위해 gas torch를 이용하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 ATH와 MDH가 첨가되면 실리콘 고무의 내화성능이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제78권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2021

This work studies the behaviour of a steel portal frame selection under fire exposure, considering both span lengths and fire exposure times as variables. Such structures combine carbon steel (S275), fireproof micro-alloyed steel (FR), and coatings of intumescent paint with variable thicknesses, improving thereby the flame retardant behaviour of the steel structure. Thus, the main contribution of this study is the optimization of the portal frames by combining both steels, analysing the resulting costs influence on the final dimensions. Besides, the topological optimization of each steel component within the structure is also defined, in accordance with the following variables: weather conditions, span, paint thickness, and cost of steel. The results mainly confirmed that using both FR and S275 grades with intumescent painting is the Pareto optimum when considering performance, feasibility and costs of such portal frames widely used for industrial facilities.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2018

본 연구는 주택이나 창고 등의 건축용 합성 단열재의 연소특성을 분석한 것으로 콘칼로리미터 및 SEM을 활용해 난연 스티로폼, 일반 스티로폼, 우레탄, 석고보드 등 4종의 재료별 연소특성을 실험 및 분석하였다. 시험결과 각 재료별 착화특성으로는 상기 단열재에 대한 착화시간(TTI)은 27 s~43 s로 나타났으며, 이중 난연 스티로폼은 TTI이 가장 낮은 27 s에 착화되었다가 28 s에 소멸됨을 보였다. 또한 각 재료들의 최대열방출율(peak HRR)과 평균열방출율(mean HRR)의 크기는 우레탄>석고보드>난연 스티로폼>일반 스티로폼으로 나타났으며, 총열방출량(Total Heat Release Rate, THR)은 우레탄>난연 스티로폼>일반 스티로폼>석고보드 순으로 나타났다. 또한 총연기방출량(Total smoke release, $m^2/m^2$)은 난연 스티로폼에서 가장 많은 $30.798m^2/m^2$을 보였다. 일반 스티로폼의 CO 방출농도는 0.275 kg/kg, $CO_2$ 방출농도는 12.807 kg/kg값이 나타났다. 잔유물은 위 4가지 재료 중 석고보드에서 가장 많은 0.029 g을 보였다.