• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

With the "Fire Protection Building Plan" of the Building Center of Japan as a sample, actual evacuation plans used for large scaled and multi-storied buildings are analyzed. Sufficient number of samples were classified into 6 categories. For room evacuation, time to pass through the exit was the most critical point for larger spaces and movement time in the room was the key for smaller evacuation object zone and less number of evacuees. Seen from the location of fire breakout point, it was witnessed that the numbers of crowding at the exits of the fire escape staircase are serious for floor level evacuation. For vertical traffic line, it was actually proved that time to fire escaping floor is problem of higher buildings. It was also proved that special evacuation methods are in practical use in many buildings in japan.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

노말언데칸의 안전한 취급을 위해서 하부인화점, 상부인화점, 연소점 그리고 발화지연시간에 의한 발화온도를 측정하였다. 또한 노말언데칸의 하부와 상부인화점의 측정값을 이용하여 폭발하한계와 상한계를 예측하였다. 밀폐식 장치에 의한 노말언데칸의 하부인화점은 $59^{\circ}C$와 $67^{\circ}C$로 측정되었고, 개방식 장치에 의한 하부인화점은 $67^{\circ}C$와 $72^{\circ}C$로 측정되었다. 클리브랜브 장치에 의한 노말언데칸의 연소점은 $74^{\circ}C$로 측정되었다. ASTM E659-78 장치를 사용하여 자연발화 온도와 발화지연시간을 측정하였고, 여기서 측정된 최소자연발화온도는 $198^{\circ}C$였다. 측정된 하부인화점 $59^{\circ}C$와 상부인화점 $83^{\circ}C$를 이용하여 예측된 폭발하한계는 0.65 Vol.%, 폭발상한계는 2.12 Vol.%였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2004

The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was applied to a center fire in a room, of which dimensions were 1.8m${\times}$1.38m with an opening of 0.45m${\times}$1.2m doorway, to evaluate the numerical method. The time-variation of temperature at a top point of thedoorway centerline and distributions of evaluate the numerical method. The time-variation of temperature at a top point of the doorway centerline and distributions of average temperature along the doorway centerline and corner stack were compared with measurements for three different fire sizes, 7.65, 21.25 and 51.71kW. The results showed FDS predicted a very rapid fire growth compared with the experiment for all the three fire sizes, that is an importand shortcoming of FDS in compartment fire simulations. The average temperature distributions, and heights of hot gas layers and neutral planes in steady state were in reasonable agreement with the measurements.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

인화점은 산업현장에서 액체의 화재 및 폭발 위험을 결정하는데 사용되는 가장 중요한 변수 중 하나로써 가연성 물질의 화재 위험성을 나타내는 지표이며 안정성 평가에 많이 사용되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 다양한 산업에서 용매로 사용되는 이성분계 혼합물 중 {methanol+toluene}, {ethanol+toluene} 그리고 {1-propanol+toluene}에 대한 인화점을 SETA 밀폐식 인화점 측정기를 이용하여 측정하였다. 각 이성분계 혼합물에 대한 인화점을 예측하기 위해 Raoult's의 법칙, Wilson, NRTL 및 UNIQUAC 파라미터를 이용하였고 실험 결과와 비교하였다. Raoult's의 법칙을 제외한 비교 결과, 모든 예측값과 실험값은 유사한 값을 보였고 편차가 1.69 K이내의 결과를 보였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2014

For the safe handling of n-hexadecane, the lower flash points and the upper flash point, fire point, AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. Also lower and upper explosion limits by using measured the lower and upper flash points for n-hexadecane were calculated. The lower flash points of n-hexadecane by using the Setaflash and the Pensky-Martens closed testers were measured $128^{\circ}C$ and $126^{\circ}C$, respectively. The lower flash points of the Tag and the Cleveland open cup testers were measured $136^{\circ}C$ and $132^{\circ}C$, respectively. The fire points of the Tag and the Cleveland open cup testers were measured $144^{\circ}C$. respectively. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 apparatus for n-hexadecane. The experimental AIT of n-hexadecane was $200^{\circ}C$. The calculated lower and upper explosion limit by using measured lower $128^{\circ}C$ and upper flash point $180^{\circ}C$ for n-hexadecane were 0.42 Vol.% and 4.70 Vol.%.

• 한국위험물학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

The fire and explosion properties necessary for waste, safe storage, transport, process design and operation of handling flammable substances are lower explosion limits(LEL), upper explosion limits(UEL), flash point, AIT( minimum autoignition temperature or spontaneous ignition temperature), fire point etc., An accurate knowledge of the combustion properties is important in developing appropriate prevention and control measures fire and explosion protection in chemical plants. In order to know the accuracy of data in MSDSs(material safety data sheets), the flash point of phenol was measured by Setaflash, Pensky-Martens, Tag, and Cleveland testers. And the AIT of phenol was measured by ASTM 659E apparatus. The explosion limits of phenol was investigated in the reference data. The flash point of phenol by using Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers were experimented at $75^{\circ}C$ and $81^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of phenol by Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were experimented at $82^{\circ}C$ and $89^{\circ}C$, respectively. The AIT of phenol was experimented at $589^{\circ}C$. The LEL and UEL calculated by using Setaflash lower and upper flash point value were calculated as 1.36vol% and 8.67vol%, respectively. By using the relationship between the spontaneous ignition temperature and the ignition delay time proposed, it is possible to predict the ignition delay time at different temperatures in the handling process of phenol.

• 청정기술
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2020

Laboratories and industrial processes typically involve the use of flammable substances. An important property used to estimate fire and explosion risk for a flammable liquid is the flash point. In this study, flash point data at 101.3 kPa were determined using a SETA closed cup flash point tester on the following solvent mixtures: {2,2,4-trimethylpentane + methylcyclohexane}, {2,2,4-trimethylpentane + ethylbenzene}, and {2,2,4-trimethylpentane + p-xylene}. The purpose of this work is to obtain flash point data for binary mixtures of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane with three hydrocarbons (methylcyclohexane, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene), which are representative compounds of the main aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum. The measured flash points are compared with the predicted values calculated using the GE models' activity coefficient patterns: the Wilson, the Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL), and the UNIversal QUAsiChemical (UNIQUAC) models. The non-ideality of the mixture is also considered. The average absolute deviation between the predicted and measured lower flash point s is less than 1.99 K, except when Raoult's law is calculated. In addition, the minimum flash point behavior is not observed in any of the three binary systems. This work's predicted results can be applied to design safe petrochemical processes, such as identifying safe storage conditions for non-ideal solutions containing volatile components.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.890-896
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• 2021

연구목적: '에어로 시스템'이란 제품을 개발하였으며, 화재 특성상 신속한 감지가 무엇보다 중요함으로 개발하고 있는 제품을 주거 공간 어느 지점에 배치를 하였을 때 신속하게 감지를 할 수 있는지 화재 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 18평형의 주거 공간에서 화재시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 화재 환경이 빨리 노출되는 지점을 찾고자 침실, 거실 별로 측정점을 높이 0.6m, 1.5m 지점으로 설치하여 빨리 감지 되는 지점을 확인하였다. 연구결과: 대부분 1.5m 지점으로 설정한 온도 및 일산화탄소 센서가 기준 치에 빨리 감지 되는 지점을 확인하였다. 결론: 소화모듈과 AQI모듈이 분리된 제품을 벽에 부착형으로 설치할 경우 화재 감지가 상대적으로 빠른 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2005

A fire is occurring increasingly every you and the damage is bigger in proportion to the number. Therefore a fire is classified as a serious calamity. It is important to evacuate and fight a fire by early Perception. However, if the alarming sound is not perceived when a fire breaks out the damage could be expanded. From this point of view, this study aims to analyse the correlation between alarming sound sources and sound quality parameters through psycho-acoustic experiment using Korean vocabularies extracted by existing study. The sound sources more dangerous, tense and urgent were chosen. The results from this study are as follows: 1. airraid, klaxon2 and S.O.S got a point more than conventional alarming sound.2. correlation coefficient between Loudness(L) and Unbiased Annoyance(UA) was highest with 0.63 md Sharpness(S) and Roughness(R) was -0.40 and Fluctuation Strength(FL) and Tonality(T).

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2007

It is noted that the disaster such as fire, explosion, collapse has been rapidly increased caused by strength deterioration of steel structures at petrochemical plant during fire. In this regard, it is stressed out that the legal requirement for fire proofing for steel structures at petrochemical plant should be carefully reviewed since the current legal requirement such as Industrial Safety & Health Law, Architectural Law has a conflict and different way of approach. In addition, it is our point of view that the present law should be revised to consolidate into single law including engineering design criteria to reflect unreasonable legal requirement. It is further our point of view that the performance certificate for fire proofing like UL-1709, basis of maintenance should be appropriately and reasonably provided in line with global practice.