• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2022

As steel is highly sensitive to temperature variations, fire exposure is more destructive in the case of steel structures in comparison to the concrete ones. The performance of an intermediate three-story steel moment frame with 4 spans was studied under the service load, thermal load and post-earthquake fire in this paper. Also, the effects of passive fire-protection materials such as ordinary cement-based and fire-retardant coatings were investigated. To model and analyze the structure; Abaqus software is utilized. In order to apply the earthquake effect, the push-over analysis method is employed. Changes in the stories deflection, endurance time and growth of nonlinear regions due to losses in the steel stiffness and strength, are among the issues considered in this study. As an interesting finding, the beams protected by ordinary cement-based coating could sustain the fire exposure at least for 30 minutes in all cases. The mentioned time is increased by employing a new fire-retardant protection, which could prevent significant loss in the structure resistance against fire, even after 60 minutes of exposure to fire.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2020

ISO 9705 룸코너 시험을 통해 복합소재 고체 가연물의 화재발생시 발생되는 열방출률을 측정하고 화재성장율을 계산하여 Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)에서 제공하는 열방출률 예측 모델을 사용자가 시험을 통해 얻어진 질량 소모율을 직접 입력하고 점화원에 의해 가연물의 표면 온도가 점화 온도에 도달하게 되면 정해진 연료를 소모하게 됨으로써 열방출률이 계산되는 단순 모델 (Simple model)과 질량 소모율을 직접 계산하는 방식으로 고체 가연물의 온도를 계산하고 고체 가연물의 열분해율을 조절하여 직접 열방출률을 계산하는 열분해 모델 (Pyrolysis model)로 구분하고 각각의 열방출률 모델에 필요한 입력 인자를 적용하여 동일한 조건에서 밀폐된 구획 환경에 따라 FDS 전산 해석을 수행하였다. 복합소재 고체 가연물로는 PU 폼과 PP, 철재로 대부분 구성되어있는 영화관 의자를 선정하였다. 동일한 조건에서 밀폐된 구획 환경에 따라 각각의 열방출률 예측 모델을 해석한 결과, 밀폐된 구획에서 단순 모델을 통해 예측된 열방출률과 화재성장율이 열분해 모델을 이용하는 경우에 비해 다소 과예측되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

붕산과 5붕산암모늄으로 처리한 편백목재 시험편의 연소특성에 관한 실험을 ISO 5660-1 표준에 따른 콘칼로리미터를 이용하여 수행하였다. 그 결과 붕소화합물로 처리한 시험편의 화재성능지수(FPI)는 공시편보다 1.2~2.1배 증가하였고, 화재성장지수(FGI)는 공시편보다 1.6~8.4% 증가하였다. 또한 총연기발생률(TSR)은 공시편보다 9.0~28.3.% 낮았다. 이것은 붕소화합물로 처리한 시험편이 난연효과로 탄화층을 생성하기 때문으로 이해된다. 공시편은 418 s에서 가장 높은 CO농도인 0.01112%를 보였으나 붕소화합물로 처리한 시험편은 공시편보다 13.2~37.5% 감소하였다. 따라서 붕소화합물로 처리한 목재는 화재위험성과 위해성이 낮아질 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.94-100
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• 1997

The objective of this research is to study the formations of smoke layer in case of several furniture fires such as trashcan, carpet, mattress and wardrobe as a fire starter in a residential room by performing the experimental studies. The uniformly distributed fire in case of carpet showed that the ignition and the initial growth period were relatively short while the fully developed period was considerably long. The concentrated fires such as the trashcan, mattress and wardrobe showed that the ignitions and the initial growth periods were relatively long. The descending speed of the interface height was proportioned to the inflammability of the furniture and the spread of the fire. The time required to come down around 1m was within 1-3 minutes. The Interface heights for the furniture fires were around 1m as the steady state. However, at the time of the maximum temperature, the interface height was lowered to 0.25m-0.75m from the floor. The carbon dioxide concentration reached the highest while the oxygen concentration was minimum.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2010년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.493-500
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 EN 13823 기준을 적용한 시험방법인 SBI(Single Burning Item)을 이용하여 스티로폼 샌드위치패널의 화재특성에 대한 실험을 실시하였다. 현재 국내에서는 샌드위치패널 화재특성 평가방법으로 ISO 5660-1(콘칼로리미터 시험방법)과 KS F 2271(난연성시험)이 사용되고 있지만 이러한 시험방법들은 시험 스케일과 시험편 및 가열조건의 한계점 등을 보이고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 1세트를 3개로 하여 총 9개의 75mm 두께인 스티로폼 샌드위치 패널을 이용한 실험을 실시하였다. 이를 통해 공학적인 화재 물성 값인 FIGRA(FIre Growth RAte, kW/s), SMOGRA(SMOke Growth RAte, m2/s2)등을 측정하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2002

Research to discuss the fire performance of materials requires tools for measuring their burning characteristics and validated fire growth models to predict fire behavior of the materials under specific tire scenarios using the measured properties as input for the models. In this study, burning characteristics such as time to ignition, weight loss rate, flame spread, heat release rate, total heat evolved, and effective heat of combustion for four types of wood-based materials were evaluated using the cone calorimeter and inclined panel tests. Time to ignition was affected by not only surface condition and specific gravity of the tested materials but also the type and magnitude of heat source. Results of weight loss rate, measured by inclined panel tests, indicated that heat transfer from the contacted flame used as the heat source into the inner part of the specimen was inversely proportional to specific gravity of material. Flame spread was closely related with ignition time at the near part of burning zone. Under constant and severe external heat flux, there was little difference in weight loss rate and total heat evolved between four types of wood-based panels. More applied heat flux caused by longer ignition time induced a higher first peak value of heat release rate. Burning characteristics data measured in this study can be used effectively as input for fire growth models to predict the fire behavior of materials under specific fire scenarios.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.389-399
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• 1998

this study was focused on the effects of fire on spatial change of vegetation landscape in rural region. Fire types recognized as erown fire, severe surface fire and light surface fire in order of increasing intensity were described in a fire map. GIS was introduced to understand the relationship between fire types and topographic conditions or vegetation types. We also investigated land-use type and regeneration strategies after burning. Fire intensity depended on topographic conditions and vegetation types. Special land-use type in this area was collection of edible mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake). Mushrooms had been obtained from Pinus densiflora forests existing as edaphic climax or managed artificially. Regeneration strategy in burned areas was to make sprouts from burned oak stumps. A higher density and growth rate of sprouts, as compared to those on unburned areas, facilitated vegetation succession from P. densiflora forest to oak forest and consequently led to change of landscape pattern.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2013년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.110-111
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• 2013

This research studies in the field of domestic fires are an issue in many scientific fire research as a research method to validate the domestic environment and ISO-9705 housing on the basis of experiments in virtual space by making a single fire compartment space for conducting experiments and Appearance of a fire occurring within each flammable Heat Release Rate analysis was carried out mainly. Placed within the space of one flammable HRR calculated as the sum of the number of single-room fire experiments conducted and the results compared with the value in comparing the conduct of fire locations and fire load within the building area of the future, the HRR value represents the change in domestic a consideration of the safety of the building is to propose matters.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2015

정상 및 비정상상태의 화재조건에서 설치가 용이하고 저가형인 판형 열유속계(PT)의 적용성에 대한 실험적 연구가 수행되었다. 열원으로서 적외선 복사 히터와 C3H8이 적용된 정사각형 버너가 사용되었다. PT의 상대적 측정 정확도는 Gardon-type 열유속 미터를 이용한 측정결과와의 비교를 통해 평가되었다. 정상 및 비정상상태의 화재조건에서 PT의 최적 크기 및 두께는 측정 정확도와 실용적 관점에서 각각 100 mm와 0.6 mm로 확인되었다. 이 결과들은 PT의 크기 및 두께의 변화에 따른 전도 열손실과 열관성에 의해 설명되었다. 또한 Slow보다 빠른 화재 성장속도의 조건에서 PT를 이용한 열유속 측정에는 상당한 주의가 요구됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2008년도 추계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.216-222
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• 2008

A large number of Computer-based fire growth and Evacuation model have been developed for various purpose and many of these are widely used for research and engineering. And Most of Egress simulation program are ordinary case only related to human behavior But Egress safety Evaluation is very closed to smog movement. It is well known that the Egress simulation program made by Tokyo Fire Department are related to smog movement. So It is the aim of this study to investigate on the Development of Egress Simulation for Evacuation Safety Evaluation of Tokyo Fire Dept. Department in Japan.