• Title/Summary/Keyword: fire compartment

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A Study on the Smoke Compartment Standards Analysis of Domestic and Abroad for Prevention of Smoke Spread in Large-Scale Buildings -Focused on the Analysis of Goyang Bus Terminal Fire Incident- (대형공간의 연기확산 방지를 위한 국내·외 방연구획 기준 분석에 관한 연구 -고양시 터미널 화재 사례 분석을 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Hye-Won;Han, Ji-Woo;Lee, Byeong-Heun;Jin, Seung-Hyeon;Kwon, Young-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2018.05a
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    • pp.118-119
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    • 2018
  • In this study, it analyses the problems of the Fire Compartment in Goyang Bus Terminal. Based on analysed data, it is confirmed the necessity of the Smoke Compartment installation for Protecting the Smoke Spread in Large-Scale Buildings using of FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulation). In addition it suggest that the necessity of Smoke Compartment application method and Development of Design Guideline.

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A Study On The Development Of An Automatic Fire Extinguishing System For The Engine Compartment Use Of Automobiles (자동차 엔진 화재용 자동 소화 시스템 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Lim, Sung-Muk;Jung, Ki-Chang;Kim, Hong;Kang, Young-Goo;Lee, Chang-Sub
    • Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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    • 1996.11a
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    • pp.57-61
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    • 1996
  • Our goal was to make a cost-effective automatic fire extinguishing system for the engine compartment use of automobiles. We designed this system for the engine compartment. This system consists of 1)foam extinguisher, 2)four nozzles, 3)a pipe arrangement, and 4)an extinguishing device which is equipped with a glass bulb as detector. First and foremost, the extinguishing device was carefully designed to keep the system cost to a minimum. Second, a AFFF foam extinguisher was used because no other fire-fighting agents proved effective against fire in the engine compartment. The AFFF(Aqueous Film Forming Foam) agent which was used in the extinguisher is the 3M company's Light Water. We sought, however, to make other foams by using Halon 1301 and Halon alternatives such as HCFC Blend A, HFC-227ea. We selected these alternatives instead of air in order to raise the expansion ratio of the AFFF agent. By these means we discovered that it is possible to increase the expansion ration of the AFFF agent up to 44:1. We then demonstrated that our automatic fire extinguishing system is the most effective and lowest cost-system yet devised for passenger cars.

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Prediction of sprinkler activation time in compartment fire (구획화재에서의 스프링클러 작동시간 예측 연구)

  • 김명배;한용식
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.13-18
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    • 1996
  • A general description of sprinkler activation time in compartment-fire-generated smoke layers is made. For calculation of the time hot layer temperature is obtained from two-layer zonal model and time constant of sprinkler is measured. Upper-layer thickness at the instant of sprinkler activation is also presented with changes of opening area. The output of the present study provide inputs for the interaction modeling of sprinkler spray and compartment fire environment, which simulates fire suppression phenomena. Futhermore, experiments are performed in mock-up with gasoline pool fire in order to evaluate the reliability of the model.

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Numerical Analysis of Heat Flow in Fire Compartment using SIMPLE Algorithm (SIMPLE Algorithm을 이용한 화재실의 열 유체의 수치해석)

  • 김광선;손봉세
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 1992
  • We have derived the general transfer equation for governing the continuity, energy transfer, mass and momentum transfer, and turbulent energy dissipation rate within the fire compartment which has the 800t fire source at the center of the floor. The governing transfer equations have been descretized using the finite volume approach and numerically experimented under the SIMPLE algorithm. In order for the SIMPLE algorithm approach to be physically reliable, the test results are compared with those of Morita's SOR Method using Conjugate Residual Method and found to be close to physical values though the computational convergence time still remains to be upgraded. The treatment of source terms in the system of finite difference equations has been critical in order to converge the governing equations within the appropriate time steps. The criteria of convergence allowance for the whole domain have been checked and the sudden change of the non-linear effects from the source term have been avoided. The criteria has been allowed to be for 5$\times$10$^{-5}$ .

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A Study on the Fire Resistance Design of Buildings Considering the Fire Load Energy Density (화재하중밀도를 고려한 건축물의 내화설계법에 관한 연구)

  • 이평강;이용재;최인창;김회서
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.10-16
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    • 2003
  • The main purpose of this study is to raise the point at issue and to propose reform direction about the current performance criteria of fire resistance through the examination of the fire resistance required for each use of compartment by using performance-based fire safety design method. To examine the performance criteria of fire resistance, this study compared the equivalent time of fire exposure which was calculated by using time-equivalent formulae with the required fire resistance time determined by existing prescriptive code, and surveyed factors such as the fire load energy density, ventilation factor, fire compartment materials and fire compartment geometry in order to calculate the equivalent time of fire exposure.

A Validation Study of Temperature Field Predicted by Computational Fire Model for Spray Fire in a Multi-Compartment (다중구획공간내 분무화재시 화재해석모델의 온도장 검증연구)

  • Kim, Sugn-Chan
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2014
  • The present study has been conducted to investigate the validity of the computational fire model and the results predicted by BRANZFIRE zone model and FDS field model are compared with a real scale fire test with spray fire in a multi-compartment. The liquid spray fires fueled with toluene and methanol are used as the fire source and the quantitative measurement of heat release rate is performed in an isolated ISO-9705 compartment with a standard door opening. The temperature field predicted by FDS model showed good agreement with the measurement in the fire room and the corridor, and BRANZFIRE model also gave acceptable result in spite of its simplicity and roughness. The mean temperature predicted by FDS model corresponds with measurement within maximum discrepancy range of 25% and the overall mean value of FDS model matched well with experimental data less than 10%. This study can contribute to establish the limitation and application scope of computational fire model and provide reference data for applying to reliable fire risk assessment.

Numerical predictions of the time-dependent temperature field for the 7th Cardington compartment fire test

  • Lopes, Antonio M.G.;Vaz, Gilberto C.;Santiago, Aldina
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.5 no.6
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    • pp.421-441
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    • 2005
  • The present work reports on a numerical simulation of a compartment fire. The fire was modeled using a simplified approach, where combustion is simulated as a volumetric heat release. Computations were performed with the commercial code CFX 5.6. Radiation was modeled with a differential approximation (P1 model), while turbulence effects upon the mean gas flow were dealt with a SST turbulence model. Simulations were carried out using a transient approach, starting at the onset of ignition. Results are provided for the temperature field time evolution, thus allowing a direct comparison with the analytical and experimental data. The high spatial resolution available for the results proved to be of great utility for a more detailed analysis of the thermal impact on the steel structure.

Effects of the Geometry and Location of an Vertical Opening on the Fire Characteristics in the Under-Ventilated Compartment Fire (환기부족 구획화재에서 수직 개구부의 형상 및 위치가 화재특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Mun, Sun-Yeo;Park, Chung-Hwa;Hwang, Cheol-Hong;Park, Seul-Hyun
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.20-29
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    • 2013
  • To investigate numerically the effects of geometry and location of vertical opening on the thermal and chemical fire characteristics in full-scale under-ventilated compartment fires, the ventilation factor ($A\sqrt{h}$) to estimate a theoretical maximum inflow of ambient air and the mass loss rate in a heptane pool fire were fixed for all cases. It was shown that variations in door geometry affected significantly the change in thermal and chemical characteristics inside the compartment. Variations in window location resulted in the complex change in additional fire characteristics including the fire duration time and recirculating flow structure. These results were analyzed in details by the multi-dimensional flow and fire characteristics including the vent flow and fuel/air mixing phenomena.

Prediction of Sprinkler activation time using two-layer zonal model (Zone 모델을 이용한 스프링클러의 작동시간 예측)

  • 김명배;한용식;윤명오
    • Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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    • 1996.11a
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    • pp.15-18
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    • 1996
  • A general description of sprinkler activation time in compartment-fire-generated smoke layers is made. For calculation of the time hot layer temperature is obtained from two-layer zonal model and time constant of sprinkler is measured. Upper-layer thickness at the instant of sprinkler activation is also presented with changes of opening area. The outputs of the present study provide inputs for the interaction modeling of sprinkler spray and compartment fire environment, which simulates fire suppression phenomena.

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A Study on the Characteristics of Fire Resistance of Window Material in Compartment Fire (건물화재시 창문재료에 따른 내화특성 연구)

  • Hur, Man-Sung;Jang, Moon-Seok;Cho, Soo
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.62-67
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    • 2003
  • The full-scale compartment fire tests were carried out to evaluate the characteristics of fire resistance of window material under actual fire conditions. The room size used for full-scale room fire tests was 4 by 3.8 m with 2.4 m high ceiling. The windows with PVC, Aluminum and AL+Wood frame materials were established, sofa and mattress were used as fire sources. The window contained pair glasses with the air between 6 mm glasses. Temperatures at total 32 points in the room were measured to find the temperature distribution in the room fire. It is examined that thermal effects on window frame materials such as charring, distortion, melting, structural collapse, and other effects.