• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 1997

온일도(Degree day)를 시간단위로한 쌀바구미의 행렬모형을 작성하였다. 기본행렬모형에서 측정된 계차증가율은 2.155/100DD였으며, 성충밀도는 지수함수적으로 증가하였다. 종내경쟁을 도입한 행렬모형에서 성충밀도는 수렴진동의 형태를 보였으며 69.300일도경에서 530으로 안정되었다. 주어진 실험조건에서 실험개체군의 밀도변동 모형에서 예측되는 것과 유사하였다. 그러나 초기최고밀도와 밀도변동추이에서 양자간에 차이를 보였다. 이는 주로 실험 개체군의 경우 자원의 일정성이 유지되지 않았던 데에서 유기된 결과로 생각된다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.255-269
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• 2017

This article explores the analysis of longitudinal surveys in which same units are investigated on several occasions. Multivariate exponential ratio type estimator has been proposed for the estimation of the finite population median at the current occasion in two occasion longitudinal surveys. Information on several additional auxiliary variables, which are stable over time and readily available on both the occasions, has been utilized. Properties of the proposed multivariate estimator, including the optimum replacement strategy, are presented. The proposed multivariate estimator is compared with the sample median estimator when there is no matching from a previous occasion and with the exponential ratio type estimator in successive sampling when information is available on only one additional auxiliary variable. The merits of the proposed estimator are justified by empirical interpretations and validated by a simulation study with the help of some natural populations.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1992

본 논문은 표본조사론의 주된 연구 대상인 유한 모집단에서의 모수 추정 문제중에서 비추정 문제를 베이지안 방법으로 다루었다. 크기 N의 유한 모집단을 초모집단에서 뽑은 크기 N의 확률 표본으로 간주하고, 초 모집단 모수들의 사전분포를 비정보적인 것으로 가정하여 비(ratio)의 정확한(exact) 사후분포를 유도하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 비의 정확한 신뢰구간을 구해 특별한 조건 아래에서 제안된 Fieller의 방법등 기존의 방법들과 비교하여 보았다.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.61-83
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• 1991

There has been a great deal of research dealing with the optimal replacement of stochastically deteriorating equipment and research in queueing systems with a finite calling population. However. there has been a lack of research which combines these two areas to deal with optimal replacement for a fixed number of machines and a limited number of repairmen. In this research, an optimal control policy for replacement involving two machines and one repairman is developed by investigating a class of age replacement policies in the context of controlling a G/M/1 queueing system with a finite calling population. The control policy to be imposed on this problem is an age-dependent control policy, described by the control limit $t^{\ast}$. The control limit is operational only when the repairman is idle; that is. if both machines are working, as soon as a machine reaches the age $t^{\ast}$ it is taken out of service for replacememt. We obtain the ${\epsilon}$-optimal control age which will minimize the long-run average system cost. An algorithm is developed that is applicable to general failure time distributions and cost functions. The algorithm does not require the condition of unimodality for implementation.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2011

A comparative analysis of thermal models in the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM) for the simulation of laminar natural convection in a square cavity is presented. A HYBRID method, in which the thermal equation is solved by the Navier-Stokes equation method while the mass and momentum conservation are resolved by the lattice Boltzmann method, is introduced and its merits are explained. All the governing equations are discretized on a cell-centered, non-uniform grid using the finite-volume method. The convection terms are treated by a second-order central-difference scheme with a deferred correction method to ensure stability of the solutions. The HYBRID method and the double-population method are applied to the simulation of natural convection in a square cavity and the predicted results are compared with the benchmark solutions given in the literatures. The predicted results are also compared with those by the conventional Navier-Stokes equation method. In general, the present HYBRID method is as accurate as the Navier-Stokes equation method and the double-population method. The HYBRID method shows better convergence and stability than the double-population method. These observations indicate that this HYBRID method is an efficient and economic method for the simulation of incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer problem with the LBM.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.541-569
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• 2013

There is a wide variety of existing Genetic Algorithms (GA) operators and parameters in the literature. However, there is no unique technique that shows the best performance for different classes of optimization problems. Hence, the evaluation of these operators and parameters, which influence the effectiveness of the search process, must be carried out on a problem basis. This paper presents a comparison for the influence of GA operators and parameters on the performance of the damage identification problem using the finite element model updating method (FEMU). The damage is defined as reduction in bending rigidity of the finite elements of a reinforced concrete beam. A certain damage scenario is adopted and identified using different GA operators by minimizing the differences between experimental and analytical modal parameters. In this study, different selection, crossover and mutation operators are compared with each other based on the reliability, accuracy and efficiency criteria. The exploration and exploitation capabilities of different operators are evaluated. Also a comparison is carried out for the parallel and sequential GAs with different population sizes and the effect of the multiple use of some crossover operators is investigated. The results show that the roulettewheel selection technique together with real valued encoding gives the best results. It is also apparent that the Non-uniform Mutation as well as Parent Centric Normal Crossover can be confidently used in the damage identification problem. Nevertheless the parallel GAs increases both computation speed and the efficiency of the method.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1103-1118
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• 2009

유한모집단의 평균 또는 합계를 추정하고자 하는 경우 모집단 단위들의 배열순서는 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 표집률의 역수가 짝수이고 표본 크기가 홀수인 경우 선형추세를 갖는 모집단의 평균 또는 합계를 추정하기 위한 두 가지의 방법을 제시하였다. 첫째 방법은 Singh 등(1968)의 변형계통표집을 일반화한 방법으로 표본을 뽑은 뒤, 추정량을 정하는 과정에서 보간법을 사용한 것이며, 둘째 방법은 변형계통표집으로 표본을 뽑은 뒤, 회귀추정법으로 모수를 추정하는 것이다. Cochran (1946)의 무한초모집단 모형에 근거를 둔 기대평균제곱오차를 기준으로 하여 기존의 방법들과 제시된 방법들을 비교하였으며, 제시된 두 방법 간의 상호 비교도 시행하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1063-1072
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• 2012

Effective population size ($N_e$) is an important measure to understand population structure and genetic variability in animal species. The objective of this study was to estimate $N_e$ in Sapsaree dogs using the information of rate of inbreeding and genomic data that were obtained from pedigree and the Illumina CanineSNP20 (20K) and CanineHD (170K) beadchips, respectively. Three SNP panels, i.e. Sap134 (20K), Sap60 (170K), and Sap183 (the combined panel from the 20K and 170K), were used to genotype 134, 60, and 183 animal samples, respectively. The $N_e$ estimates based on inbreeding rate ranged from 16 to 51 about five to 13 generations ago. With the use of SNP genotypes, two methods were applied for $N_e$ estimation, i.e. pair-wise $r^2$ values using a simple expectation of distance and $r^2$ values under a non-linear regression with respective distances assuming a finite population size. The average pair-wise $N_e$ estimates across generations using the pairs of SNPs that were located within 5 Mb in the Sap134, Sap60, and Sap183 panels, were 1,486, 1,025 and 1,293, respectively. Under the non-linear regression method, the average $N_e$ estimates were 1,601, 528, and 1,129 for the respective panels. Also, the point estimates of past $N_e$ at 5, 20, and 50 generations ago ranged between 64 to 75, 245 to 286, and 573 to 646, respectively, indicating a significant $N_e$ reduction in the last several generations. These results suggest a strong necessity for minimizing inbreeding through the application of genomic selection or other breeding strategies to increase $N_e$, so as to maintain genetic variation and to avoid future bottlenecks in the Sapsaree population.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.53-69
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• 2006

표본조사에서 가중치는 설계 단계와 분석 단계에서 만들어지고 부여될 수 있다. 설계 단계의 가중치는 추출확률이나 응답률 등과 같은 표본 데이터 획득 지표에 관련되어 있고 분석 단계의 가중치는 모집단 수치나 다른 보조 변수정보 등과 같은 외적인 정보와 관련되어 있다. 그리고 최종가중치는 설계 단계의 가중치와 분석 단계의 가중치의 곱으로 만들어진다. 이 논문에서는 분석 단계에서 부여되는 가중치에 초점을 맞추어 가중평균으로 모평균을 추정할 때 가중평균에 포함된 가중치가 모평균 추론에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 유한모집단에서 각 조사단위에 조사변수와 가중치가 쌍으로 있고 표본추출확률이 균등한 경우를 가정하였다. 이러한 조건에서 가중평균의 편향과 평균제곱오차를 구하여 가중평균은 모평균의 편향 추정량임을 보였고, 편향의 방향과 크기는 조사변수와 가중치의 상관관계로 설명할 수 있음을 보였다. 즉, 만일 가중치와 조사변수가 양의 상관관계가 있으면 가중평균은 모평균을 과대 추정하게 되고, 만일 음의 상관관계가 있으면 모평균을 과소 추정하게 된다. 그리고 두 변수의 상관계수가 크면 편향은 증가한다. 가중평균에 대한 이론적인 수식 유도와 함께 편향의 크기와 평균제곱오차의 크기를 수치적으로 검토하기 위하여 모의실험을 실시하였다. 모의실험에서는 상관계수가 -0.2과 0.6사이에 있는 9개의 가중치를 생성하였고, 표본수는 100부터 400까지 고려하여 편향의 크기와 평균제곱오차의 크기를 수치적으로 구하였다. 하나의 결과로써 상관계수가 0.55이고 표본수가 400인 경우에 가중평균의 편향의 제곱이 평균제곱오차에서 차지하는 비율은 무려 82%에 이르는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 가중평균의 편향이 어떤 경우에는 매우 심각할 수도 있음을 보여주는 것이다.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제34S권9호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1997

The performance of Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol adopted as a draft standard of IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN, is analyzed by using mathematical method based on renewal theory. We introdude three kinds of CSMA/CA protocols basic, stop-and-wait and 4-Way handshake CSMA/CA with their mathematical analysis. First, a network of finite population is considered and then expand to infinite population. We model the CSMA/CA protocol as a hybrid protocol of 1-persistent CSMA and p-persistent CSMA protocol, and verify analaytical results by computer simulation. We have found that 4-Way Handshake CAMA/CA shows better performance than those of other two types of CSMA/CA in case of high traffic load.